Adsorption characteristics of perchloroethylene in natural sandy materials with low organic carbon content   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Changwen Ma  Yanqing Wu  Chengxing Sun  Leonora Lee 《Environmental Geology》2007,52(8):1511-1519

Laboratory batch tests were conducted to investigate the sorption isotherms and sorption kinetics of the chlorinated hydrocarbon perchloroethylene (PCE) in five natural sandy materials with an organic carbon content (f _oc) in the range 0.080–0.540%. The amended non-linear dual-mode model can describe the sorption isotherms in materials with f _oc in the range 0.080–0.090%. For a sample with a much higher f _oc of 0.54%, the absorption isotherm was found to fit a linear model. These results may indicate that organic carbon is not the main factor influencing the sorption isotherm. The sorption kinetics of PCE in samples with f _oc in the range 0.080–0.090% are not first-order and are different from those observed in the samples with higher f _oc. The sorption process in the materials with lower f _oc involves fast sorption, fast desorption and an equilibrium stage. The results may imply that the factors affecting sorption kinetics of PCE in low f _oc media are pore filling and capillary condensation rather than organic carbon content.  相似文献   

Simulation of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Characteristics during Indian Summer Monsoon using Observations from Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment at Jodhpur, India     

T. V. B. P. S. Rama Krishna  Maithili Sharan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(8-9):1839-1859

The diurnal structure of the boundary layer during Indian summer monsoon period is studied using a one-dimensional meteorological boundary layer model and the observations collected from the Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment conducted in 1990 at Jodhpur, India. The model was initialized with the observed temperature profiles at 0530 LST on 17 July, 1990 at Jodhpur and was run for 26 hours. The study is carried out with a geostrophic wind speed of 9.5 m s⁻¹ corresponding to the strong wind simulation. The mean thermodynamic and wind structure simulated by the model are in good agreement with those observed from 30 m tower. The computed surface layer characteristics such as the surface fluxes, TKE and standard deviations of velocity components are found to be reasonably in good agreement with those based on turbulence measurements. The shear and buoyancy budget computed from the model are also compared with the turbulence measurements. The integrated cooling budget in the nocturnal boundary layer is examined.  相似文献   

全球定位系统(GPS)技术的最新进展 第四讲 精密单点定位(下)   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

李征航  吴秀娟 《测绘信息与工程》2002,27(6):31-35

2 数据处理 2.1 数据预处理 数据预处理的目的主要是为了解决下列问题:周跳的探测及修复;粗差观测值的剔除;整周模糊度的确定;用相位平滑伪距以获得较精确的伪距观测值.数据预处理工作的好坏将直接关系到精密单点定位的质量.  相似文献   

痕量铜的催化动力学光度分析进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1  

周之荣  唐辉  黄湘源 《华东地质学院学报》2001,24(3):214-220

综述了1996－2000年测定痕量铜的催化动力学光度法，包括催化显色光度法、催化褪色光度法、阻抑动力学光度法、催化荧光光度法、催化化学发光光度法。  相似文献   

Evaluation of response and energy in actively controlled structures     

Kevin K. F. Wong  Rong Yang 《地震工程与结构动力学》2001,30(10):1495-1510

A computational method of energy evaluation is derived to study the elastic responses and energy distribution of actively controlled single‐degree‐of‐freedom (SDOF) structures during earthquakes. Contrary to the common perception that applying active control force pumps energy into the structure, the applied control force can actually reduce the energy in the structure by reducing the input energy from earthquakes to the structure. In addition, applying control force can dissipate a large amount of energy in the structure when this control force is applied in the direction opposite to the displacement and velocity responses. To demonstrate this energy mechanism in active controlled structures, the two most popular control algorithms, optimal linear control (OLC) and instantaneous optimal control (IOC) algorithms, are used to calculate the control response and energy spectra. One‐step time delay is incorporated into the algorithms to take into consideration the practical aspect of active control. The effects of different earthquakes and damping ratios on control energy and response spectra are studied. These studies show that both OLC and IOC are very effective in reducing the structural displacement and velocity responses by reducing the input earthquake energy as well as dissipating a large amount of energy in the structure. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

论大气模式的垂直离散(Ⅱ)──垂直离散     

廖洞贤  朱艳秋 《气象学报》1996,54(6):641-650

提出了用ｌｎσ等距分层和Ｔｓｃｈｅｂｙｓｃｈｅｆｆ多项式沿垂直方向展开气象要素的方案；并证明：在绝热无耗散且时间和水平方向要素连续的情况，可以在高精度条件下，保证质量和能量守恒，且具有正确的动、位能之间的转换关系。数值计算表明：两方案均有较高的计算精度；在积分静力方程时，位势高度计算误差显著小于ＥＣ７９方案。  相似文献   

气旋爆发性发展过程的动力特征及能量学研究   总被引：19，自引：3，他引：19  

吕筱英  孙淑清 《大气科学》1996,20(1):90-100

本文对不同路径的爆发性气旋进行了动力特征及能量学研究。发现高空大值位涡空气的下伸是气旋爆发性发展的一个重要条件。初生气旋逐渐向强位涡区移近并形成上下位涡区相接的形势。使气旋迅速发展。高空急流与气旋发展有密切关系。发展中的气旋明显地向着急流左侧的辐散区移动。急流的突然加强及高空强风动量的不断下传，构成了下层的强风带及上下一致的急流结构。能量学研究指出在气旋发展前气旋内散度风动能向旋转风动能的转换突然增强。散度风动能在爆发气旋发展时有明显增长。  相似文献   

不同方案求解非线性化学动力学方程组的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

王体健  李宗恺 《应用气象学报》1996,7(4):466-472

在一个简化的气相化学模式的基础上，比较了Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ、ＱＳＳＡ、Ｓｋｌａｒｅｗ三种计算方案求解非线性化学动力学方程组的差异，并引入误差分配和线性组合两种质量守恒技术，分析它们对模拟结果的影响．研究结果表明：不同方案对有机烃类浓度的计算几乎没有影响，但对其它气态物浓度有一定的影响．用ＱＳＳＡ和Ｓｌａｒｅｗ方案预测的结果更为相近，而采用Ｈｙｂｒｉｄ方案得到的气态物浓度的平衡时间略为提前．从计算效率来看，ＱＳＳＡ方案优于其它两种方案，两种质量守恒技术均能改善模拟结果．  相似文献   

“94·7"北京大暴雨的能量转换          下载免费PDF全文

谷笳鸣 《气象》1995,21(10):36-38

用尺度分离的方法，对１９９４年７月华北一次暴雨过程中雨区内的能量制造和转换进行了计算，目的在于揭示暴雨前后不同的能量制造和转换特征。  相似文献   

一次MCS的尺度分离动能分析          下载免费PDF全文

方慈安  吴宝俊  常国刚  许晨海 《气象》1995,21(11):33-37

利用尺度分离动能方法对１９９４年６月１１日０９ＵＴＣ－１２日１０ＵＴＣ影响湖南省的一次ＭＣＳ进行了研究，结果表明：１．大尺度运动中非地转风以及两种尺度间风场与气压的相互作用产生的动能，是这次ＭＣＳ的主要能源；２．中尺度动能以及两种尺度风场相互作物 动勇，随ＭＣＳ发展而增加；３．在ＭＣＳ的整个发展阶段，高层的总体动能锐减。  相似文献