Estimation of soil compaction parameters by using statistical analyses and artificial neural networks   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

O.?Günayd?nEmail author 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(1):203-215

This study presents the application of different methods (simple–multiple analysis and artificial neural networks) for the estimation of the compaction parameters (maximum dry unit weight and optimum moisture content) from classification properties of the soils. Compaction parameters can only be defined experimentally by Proctor tests. The data collected from the dams in some areas of Nigde (Turkey) were used for the estimation of soil compaction parameters. Regression analysis and artificial neural network estimation indicated strong correlations (r ² = 0.70–0.95) between the compaction parameters and soil classification properties. It has been shown that the correlation equations obtained as a result of regression analyses are in satisfactory agreement with the test results. It is recommended that the proposed correlations will be useful for a preliminary design of a project where there is a financial limitation and limited time.  相似文献   

How Fit Are Your Data?     

L. Paul Bédard  Sarah-Jane Barnes 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2010,34(3):275-280

Most laboratories aim to produce data of the highest quality. Trying to lower uncertainties to infinitesimal figures and push detection limits even lower are valid goals. However, is it possible to overachieve? Are old data still of good enough quality to be usable? In a geochemical context, the main goal of producing analytical results is to answer geological or environmental questions. Not all scientific problems require the same data quality. What is really required are data of adequate quality – i.e., ‘fit-for-purpose’– to ensure that the geological problem at hand can be solved. Furthermore, it is doubtful that uncertainties and reproducibilities associated with field sampling are better than those from laboratories. It is thus proposed that, as geoanalysts, we encourage data users (students, colleagues or referees) to ensure that their analytical results are of sufficient quality to solve the problem. However, authors have to demonstrate, through the use of reproducibility testing, reference and quality control materials, that the quality of their results is sufficient to solve the problem. Uncertainties and detection limits in publications should not only be evaluated with respect to a set value, such as 10%, but also with regard to the geological problem to be solved.  相似文献   

On the variation of frequency-based rainfall amounts: a case study for evaluating recent extreme rainfalls in Korea     

J. H.?Ahn  T. W.?Kim  C.?YooEmail author  Y. N.?Yoon 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》2003,17(3):217-227

Extreme rainfall events recently occurring in Korea have been shown to change frequency-based rainfall amounts quite significantly. Regardless of the reason for these extremes, the general concern of most hydrologists is how to handle these events for practical applications in Hydrology. Our study aim is to evaluate these extremes with their effect on frequency-based rainfall amounts, especially if they can be assumed to be within normal levels. As there is no commonly accepted methodology to be applied to this kind of study, we follow simplified steps such as: (1) estimation of the climatological variance of frequency-based rainfall amounts, (2) estimation of confidence intervals of frequency-based rainfall amounts (lower and upper bounds for the 5 and 1% significance levels estimated using the climatological variance), and (3) evaluation of the effect of extra rainfall events on the frequency-based rainfall amounts. Twelve stations on the Korean peninsula are selected as they have relatively longer data length. The annual maximum rainfall data collected from 1954 to 1998 are used. From this study we concluded that (1) at least 30 years of data length should be used for the frequency analysis in order to assure the stability of the variance of frequency-based rainfall amounts, (2) the climatological variances estimated all range from 5 to 8% of the frequency-based rainfall amounts, and (3) even though the frequency-based rainfall amount seems to become extreme with seemingly abnormal events, it still remains under its upper bound for the 5 or 1% significance levels estimated using the climatological variance, as well as it decays exponentially to the normal level as extra events are added. Thus, we conclude that we do not need to panic over seemingly abnormal events occurring so far, but just need to consider the variability inherent in frequency-based rainfall amounts.  相似文献   

Modification of the properties of salt affected soils using electrochemical treatments     

S. Jayasekera  S. Hall 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(1):1-10

In this project, an in situ soil treatment technique using the principles of electrokinetics was tested using laboratory experimental models in order to identify the potential of this approach in modifying and reinstating the physical properties of salt affected soils. Experiments were conducted in the laboratory using saline-sodic soils collected from two salt affected regions in central Victoria, Australia. Soil specimens were compacted in glass tanks to reproduce in situ density and in situ water content. Using mild steel electrodes inserted into the soil, a direct current was passed through the soil under a constant potential gradient of 0.5 V/cm for a period of 14 days. In separate experiments, distilled water and a saturated lime solution were introduced to the soil via the anode over this experimental period. It was observed that the soil dispersion, otherwise known as soil sodicity (measured as ESP—Exchangeable Sodium Percentage and SAR—Sodium Absorption Ratio) decreased by up to 90% in most regions of the soil between the electrodes. The compressive strength of the soil increased in excess of 100% with electrokinetic treatment alone while the lime-enhanced electrokinetic treatment led to an almost 200% strength increase. The liquid limit and plastic limit of the soil increased causing the plasticity index to decrease, indicating increases in soil compressive strength and workability. These results indicate the potential of this technique for improving the physical properties of salt affected soils both effectively and efficiently, and in particular gives hope for the remediation of salt affected land for infrastructure management and development.  相似文献   

Study on the swelling behaviour of blended clay–sand soils     

Shahid Azam 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2007,25(3):369-381

Soils containing expansive clays undergo swelling that can be both detrimental and beneficial in various applications. In the Arabian Gulf coastal region, natural heterogeneous soils containing clay and sand (tills, shales, and clayey sands) support most of the civil infrastructure systems. Likewise, mixes of clay and sand are used for local earthwork construction such as roads and landfills. A clear understanding of the swelling behaviour of such soils is pivotal at the outset of all construction projects. The main objective of this paper was to understand the evolution of swelling with increasing clay content in local soils. A theoretical framework for clay–sand soils was developed using phase relationships. Laboratory investigations comprised of mineralogical composition and geotechnical index properties of the clay and sand and consistency limits, swelling potential, and morphology of clay–sand mixes. Results indicated that soil consistency of mixes of a local expansive clay and an engineered sand depends on the weighted average of the constituents. Mixes with 10% clay through 40% clay capture the transition from a sand-like behaviour to a clay-like behaviour. Influenced by the initial conditions and soil matrix, the swelling potential of the investigated mixes correlated well with soil plasticity (SP(%) = 0.16 (I _p)^1.188). The parameters sand void ratio and clay–water ratio were found to better explain the behaviour of blended clay–sand soils.  相似文献   

Implications of Habitat Fragmentation on Climate Change-Induced Forest Migration     

James M. Dyer 《The Professional geographer》1994,46(4):449-459

A rapid warming caused by the release of greenhouse gases could result in the displacement of climatic controls that limit the current ranges of many species. Projected northward displacement for loblolly pine is over 400 km, with only a narrow region of overlap between the current and projected future range limits. A model of dispersal developed for loblolly pine is presented. The model utilizes a GIS to assess the critical influence of land use patterns on climate change-induced migration through modern landscapes. Results from two relatively large (150 × 150 km) study areas in the eastern United States suggest that potential migration rates may fall short by at least an order of magnitude of that necessary to track projected range shifts. Management options of species transplanting and the establishment of greenways are explored with the model. Species that are unable to keep pace with changing range limits may experience a reduction in population size and exist in climatic disequilibrium.  相似文献   

海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价的有机碳下限问题   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  

彭平安  刘大永  秦艳  于赤灵  张善文  隋凤贵  李钜源 《地球化学》2008,37(4)

随着勘探程度的提高,深部石油天然气勘探在我国将越来越重要.我国碳酸盐岩地层分布广,埋藏深,其生烃评价是深部石油天然气勘探不可回避的问题.针对我国科学家在这一问题上的争论,提出了海相碳酸盐岩烃源岩评价的三个下限标准,即最低烃源岩的有机碳下限、有效烃源岩有机碳下限和形成大规模油气田的烃源岩有机碳下限.认为以往的争论是最低烃源岩、有效烃源岩下限的争论.通过文献整理、实验研究和计算,认为海相碳酸盐岩普遍存在的Ⅱ型有机质,其最低、有效油源岩的下限值可能在0.1%和0.4%左右,最低、有效气源岩下限可能在0.1%和0.3%左右,大规模油气田形成的TOC应在1%以上.  相似文献   

The population dynamics of little skate Leucoraja erinacea, winter skate Leucoraja ocellata, and barndoor skate Dipturus laevis: predicting exploitation limits using matrix analyses   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Frisk  M. G.; Miller  T. J.; Fogarty  M. J. 《ICES Journal of Marine Science》2002,59(3):576-586

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Estimation of background levels of contaminants     

Anita Singh  Ashok K. Singh  George Flatman 《Mathematical Geology》1994,26(3):361-388

Samples from hazardous waste site investigations frequently come from two or more statistical populations. Assessment of background levels of contaminants can be a significant problem. This problem is being investigated at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory in Las Vegas. This paper describes a statistical approach for assessing background levels from a dataset. The elevated values that may be associated with a plume or contaminated area of the site are separated from lower values that are assumed to represent background levels. It would be desirable to separate the two populations either spatially by Kriging the data or chronologically by a time series analysis, provided an adequate number of samples were properly collected in space and/or time. Unfortunately, quite often the data are too few in number or too improperly designed to support either spatial or time series analysis. Regulations typically call for nothing more than the mean and standard deviation of the background distribution. This paper provides a robust probabilistic approach for gaining this information from poorly collected data that are not suitable for above-mentioned alternative approaches. We assume that the site has some areas unaffected by the industrial activity, and that a subset of the given sample is from this clean part of the site. We can think of this multivariate data set as coming from two or more populations: the background population, and the contaminated populations (with varying degrees of contamination). Using robust M-estimators, we develop a procedure to classify the sample into component populations. We derive robust simultaneous confidence ellipsoids to establish background contamination levels. Some simulated as well as real examples from Superfund site investigations are included to illustrate these procedures. The method presented here is quite general and is suitable for many geological and biological applications.  相似文献   

Relation water content ratio-to-liquidity index versus the Atterberg limits ratio evaluated with the Kaniadakis exponential law     

Giovanni Spagnoli  Pierpaolo Oreste 《Geomechanics and Geoengineering》2019,14(2):148-153

Water content ratio (WCR) is defined as the ratio water content to liquid limit (LL) and it is proved to be a good replacer of the well-known parameter liquidity index (LI) to predict shear strength of fine-grained soils. An interesting correlation between the slope of LI and WCR and LL/PL ratio was observed. However, this trend is poorly described by conventional regression functions. By employing the Kaniadakis exponential law based on the relativistic mechanics, 22 data set, considering the LL/PL vs the slope of LI and WCR, were very-well matched.  相似文献