南海东北部冷泉区沉积物中有机质来源的生物标志物分析与环境指示意义   总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0  

丁玲  赵美训  于蒙  李莉  黄琦瑜 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(10):8-19

Multi-biomarker indexes were analyzed for two piston cores from potential cold seep areas of the South China Sea off southwestern Taiwan. Total organic carbon(TOC) normalized terrestrial(n-alkanes) and marine(brassicasterol, dinosterol, alkenones and iso-GDGTs) biomarker contents and ratios(TMBR, 1/Pmar-aq, BIT) were used to evaluate the contributions of terrestrial and marine organic matter(TOM and MOM respectively) to the sedimentary organic matter, indicating that MOM dominated the organic sources in Core MD052911 and the sedimentary organic matter in Core ORI-_(86)0-22 was mainly derived from terrestrial inputs, and different morphologies were the likely reason for TOM percentage differences. BIT results suggested that river-transported terrestrial soil organic matter was not a major source of TOM of sedimentary organic matter around these settings.Diagnostic biomarkers for methane-oxidizing archaea(MOA) were only detected in one sample at 172 cm depth of Core ORI-_(86)0-22, with abnormally high iso-GDGTs content and Methane Index(MI) value(0.94). These results indicated high anaerobic oxidation of methane(AOM) activities at or around 172 cm in Core ORI-_(86)0-22.However in Core MD052911, MOA biomarkers were not detected and MI values were lower(0.19–0.38), indicated insignificant contributions of iso-GDGTs from methanotrophic archaea and the absence of significant AOM activities. Biomarker results thus indicated that the discontinuous upward methane seepage and insufficient methane flux could not induce high AOM activities in our sampling sites. In addition, the different patterns of TEX_(86) and U_(37)~(K′) temperature in two cores suggested that AOM activities affected TEX_(86)37 temperature estimates with lower values in Core ORI-_(86)0-22, but not significantly on TEX_(86) temperature estimates in Core MD052911.  相似文献   

鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界原油地球化学特征及油源分析          下载免费PDF全文

张海林  邓南涛  张枝焕  贺永红  王付斌  梁全胜  王雪飞  梁卫卫  孙德瑞 《高校地质学报》2014,20(2):309

系统采集鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界的烃源岩、原油及油砂样品,对其饱和烃和芳烃馏分进行气相色谱-质谱分析,通过 对生物标志物组成特征的研究,分析和探讨中生界原油的油源。结果表明:根据 8β(H)-补身烷和 C3017α(H)-重排藿烷含量, 鄂尔多斯盆地南部中生界原油可划分为I,II,III类。第I类原油 8β(H)-补身烷含量高, C3017α(H)-重排藿烷含量低,来自 深湖相沉积相带的长 7 油页岩 (A1 类),第II类原油 8β(H)-补身烷含量较高, C3017α(H)-重排藿烷含量中等,来自深湖—半深 湖沉积相带的长 7 暗色泥岩 (A2 类),第III类原油 8β(H)-补身烷含量低, C3017α(H)-重排藿烷含量高,来自半深湖沉积相带的 长 7 暗色泥岩 (A3 类),由于采集样品数量限制,第III类原油不排除来自长 8 或长 9 暗色泥岩 (A3 类) 的可能,目前发现的原油 主要是第I类,即各油层组的原油主要是由长 7 油页岩提供的,它是鄂多斯盆地南部中生界的主力烃源岩。  相似文献   

南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)幼鱼日粮中适宜常量营养素(蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物)需求量研究     

冯健  彭淇  吴彬  陈斌  梁品恒 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(4):953-960

采用混合试验中的Cornell均匀设计法研究了初始重为(2.0±0.0)g的南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)幼鱼日粮中常量营养素(蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物)的适宜需求量。日粮中蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物梯度变化范围分别为33%—51%、3%—18%和24%—33%, 试验周期为40d。试验结果表明, 试验日粮中3种常量营养素含量对南方鲇幼鱼成活率没有显著影响(P>0.05)。当日粮蛋白质水平≤45%时, 其特定生长率随着日粮蛋白质水平上升而增加。当日粮脂肪水平≤9%时, 其特定生长率随着日粮脂肪水平上升而增加; 但当日粮中脂肪含量≥12%时, 鱼体和肝脏脂肪含量显著上升, 肝细胞脂肪变性明显。33%碳水化合物日粮组鱼特定生长率较24%、27%和30%组鱼显著降低, 同时鱼体和肝脏糖原含量显著增加(P<0.05)。试验表明, 南方鲇幼鱼日粮蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物3种常量营养素的适宜需求量分别为45%、9%和≤30%。日粮总能约为19.0kJ/g。  相似文献   

Fe₃₊胁迫对假微型海链藻中性脂累积及DGAT 表达的影响     

蒋瑜  严小军  朱鹏  周成旭  周迎松 《海洋科学》2013,37(3):87-94

二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)是脂类合成途径中的关键酶,其表达水平的高低影响着脂类含量的高低。微量元素Fe3+对于微藻的生长不可或缺,且影响着微藻中油脂的累积。本实验以假微型海链藻(Thalassiosira pseudonana)为研究对象,分析了铁限制(0.000 03mmol/L)和高铁胁迫(0.3 mmol/L)2种Fe3+胁迫条件下,不同种群生长期中性脂累积及二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)的基因表达受到的影响。结果显示:铁限制条件下,微藻种群生长及其中性脂的合成受到抑制,DGAT的表达量下降;高铁胁迫条件下,高浓度Fe3+可促进中性脂合成与DGAT的表达,但抑制微藻种群生长。因此,富铁条件下更利于总脂的收集。  相似文献   

脂肪水平对厚唇弱棘鯻生长及肠道脂肪酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

宋理平  韩勃  冒树泉  王爱英  胡斌 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(1):13-17

以鱼油为脂肪源,配制成脂肪水平(质量分数,下同)分别为3.1%、5.8%、9.4%、11.9%和15.1%的5种等氮饲料,探讨饲料脂肪水平对初始体重为(4.05±0.11)g的厚唇弱棘鯻(Hephaestus fuliginosus)生长及肠道脂肪酶活性的影响。结果表明,随着饲料脂肪含量提高,实验用鱼脏体比、肥满度及肌肉粗蛋白含量也随着提高,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲料脂肪水平从3.1%增加到9.4%,厚唇弱棘鯻的饲料效率呈升高趋势,相对增重率值由76.42%±5.88%升至102.09%±5.31%;而当饲料脂肪水平从9.4%提高至15.1%,饲料效率呈降低趋势(P<0.05),相对增重率值降为70.54%±2.06%。随着饲料脂肪水平提高,厚唇弱棘鯻肝体比、肌肉粗脂肪含量、肠道脂肪酶活性均呈上升趋势,且各组间差异显著(P<0.05)。表明本实验条件下饲料脂肪含量超过9.4%可导致厚唇弱棘鯻生长和饲料利用下降,对其形体特征、肌肉粗脂肪含量以及肠道脂肪酶活性均有显著影响。  相似文献   

滇东罗平地区中三叠统中发现液态油苗   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张启跃  周长勇  吕涛  谢韬 《地质通报》2009,28(10):1526-1532

通过1∶5万区调填图,在云南罗平地区中三叠统关岭组二段薄层泥晶灰岩中首次发现液态油苗。该稠油显示主要分布在层间晶洞中,表现为干沥青及稠油共存状态。有机地球化学研究表明,氯仿沥青“A”的含量为67×10-6,有机质类型以腐泥型Ⅰ型为主。镜质体干酪根反射率R0为2.84%,Tmax=568℃,表明有机质处于高成熟阶段。液态油苗的显示对于进一步评价南盘江盆地的油气勘探前景具有重要的价值和意义。  相似文献   

Application of organic petrology and geochemistry to coal waste studies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Magdalena Misz-Kennan  Monika J. Fabiańska 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2011,88(1):1-23

Coal wastes produced during mining activities are commonly deposited in nearby dumps. These wastes mostly composed of minerals and variable amounts (usually 20-30%) of organic matter start to weather immediately after deposition. Oxidation of the organic matter can lead to self heating and self combustion as a result of organic and mineral matter transformations. The degree of alteration depends on the properties of the wastes, i.e., the maceral and microlithotype composition of the organic matter and its rank.Alteration of wastes also depends on the heating history, i.e., the rate of heating, final heating temperature, duration of heating, and the degree of air access. Although air is probably necessary to initiate and drive the heating processes, these usually take place under relatively oxygen depleted conditions. With slow heating, color of organic matter particles changes, irregular cracks and oxidation rims develop around edges and cracks, and bitumen is expelled. As a result, massive and detritic isotropic and strongly altered organic matter forms. On the other hand, higher heating rates cause the formation of devolatilization pores, oxidation rims around these pores and along cracks, vitrinite-bands-mantling particles, and bitumen expulsions.Organic compounds generated from the wastes include n-alkanes, iso-alkanes, alkylcyclohexanes, acyclic isoprenoids, mainly pristane, phytane and, in some cases, farnesane, sesquiterpanes, tri- and tetracyclic diterpanes, tri- and pentacyclic triterpanes, and steranes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (mostly with two- to five rings, rarely six rings), and phenols. The compounds formed change during the heating history. The fact that phenols are found in dumps where heating has not yet been completed, but are absent in those where heating ceased previously suggests the presence of water washing. The organic compounds formed may migrate within the dumps. However, when they migrate out of the dumps, they become a hazard to environment.This paper is a review on transformations of organic matter (both maceral composition and reflectance and chemical composition) in coal wastes deposited in coal waste dumps. Immediately after deposition the wastes are exposed to weathering conditions and sometimes undergo self heating processes.  相似文献   

东营凹陷古近系升藿烷生物标志物参数分布及演变规律     

陈中红  查明  金强  任拥军 《沉积学报》2011,29(1):173-183

为研究实际地质体或地质剖面中的C31到C3517α(H), 21β(H)升藿烷生物标志物构型转化参数22S/(22S+22R)及升藿烷指数C35/∑（C31—C35)等的分布、演化特征,对东营凹陷主要烃源岩层系古近系沙河街组三段（淡水—微咸水层系）和沙河街组四段（咸水层系）的系列样品进行了研究,分析样品来源于1 300~4 000的暗色泥岩,其中2 800~4 000 m的样品对应于东营凹陷古近系烃源岩的生油初期到生油晚期。研究结果表明,C31、C32、C33、C34、C35升藿烷（17α(H), 21β(H)）构型转化参数的分布除与异构体之间的手性碳立体构型转化作用有关外,不同异构体之间降解或裂解速率和新生成速率的差异也是其主要控制因素,沉积环境（如高盐环境）也在一定程度上影响了其分布;从未熟—低熟状态到成熟状态,相关升藿烷构型转化参数22S/(22S+22R)总体均表现出随埋藏深度增大而加大的特点,并从离散状态聚集到热演化的平衡状态附近;在到达成熟状态后,相关升藿烷的构型转化参数22S/(22S+22R)从缓慢增大过渡到一个持续的热演化平衡状态,并且该构型转化参数的热演化平衡状态对应于生油门限附近;在高盐环境中除C33升藿烷保持不变的热演化平衡状态外,其它升藿烷均呈现不同幅度的逆转特征,表明高含量的盐类矿物对升藿烷成熟度参数亦具有抑制作用或迟缓效应;C31、C32、C33、C34、C3517α升藿烷之间的22S/(22S+22R)分布型式复杂多变,其中对于成熟源岩样品,C35升藿烷22S/(22S+22R)值变化强烈,表现出“翘尾”状的上升型特征和“坠尾”状的下降型特征,而对于低熟—未熟样品, C32升藿烷的22S/(22S+22R)显示相对高值,并且多数样品显示为C31C33C35的偶数碳优势的特征;研究显示C31到C33升藿烷的构型转化参数S/(S+R)热演化平衡值均为0.6,而C34 S/(S+R)及C35S/(S+R)热演化平衡值相对较高,沙三段、沙四段的C34 S/(S+R)及沙四段的C35S/(S+R)分别达到0.63、0.62、0.65;升藿烷指数C35/∑（C31—C35)受热演化影响也比较明显,在生油期间随着埋藏深度增加而减小,在高盐环境中表现出相对高值,研究表明该指数的变化与其22R异构体演化有关,并且参数C31/∑（C31—C35）、C32/∑（C31—C35）、C33/∑（C31—C35）、C34/∑（C31—C35）、C35/∑（C31—C35)演化特征截然不同。  相似文献   

饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对克氏螯虾（Procambarusclarkii）生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

徐维娜  刘文斌  沈美芳  王莹  朱杰  徐刚  程龙 《海洋与湖沼》2011,42(4):521-529

采用3×3因子方法,进行了饲料中不同蛋白质和脂肪水平对克氏螯虾f均重（7．03±0．05）g]生长性能、体组成和消化酶活性的影响研究。试验设3个蛋白质水平（24％、27％和30％1和3个脂肪水平（4％、7％和10％）,共9组,每组4个重复,每个重复10尾虾,为期8周。结果表明,蛋白质和脂肪水平对成活率无显著影响（P〉0...  相似文献   

浙江南部近海沉积物柱状样中脂类生物标志物的组成及形态分布     

王江涛  杨庶  谭丽菊  胡佶 《海洋学报》2011,33(5):83-90

分析了浙江南部近海(东海陆架泥质区)沉积物柱状样中游离态和碱不稳定结合态脂类生物标志物的组成.沉积物中的脂肪酸呈现以C16脂肪酸为主峰的单峰形分布趋势,具明显偶碳优势,除表层沉积物中脂肪酸以游离态为主外,结合态为柱状样中脂肪酸的主要存在形态,脂肪酸的垂直分布主要由降解作用控制;以甾醇和脂肪醇为主体的醇酮组分主要以游离态...  相似文献