The diffusive fluxes of inorganic nitrogen across the intertidal sediment-water interface of the Changjiang Estuary in China     

HOU Lijun  LIU Min  XU Shiyuan  LU Jianjian  OU Dongni  YU Jie 《海洋学报(英文版)》2006,25(3):48-57

1IntroductionEstuaries are the main channels linking bothland and coastal seas,through which pass matterleached from land into rivers,together with anthro-pogenic matter discharged directly into the estuaries.During the past few decades,increasing concern…  相似文献   

Leaching of rock-concrete interfaces   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

O. Buzzi  M. Boulon  M. Hervé  K. Su 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(3):445-466

Summary  It has been shown that contacts between host rock and engineered barriers may be critical in the design of deep radioactive waste repositories. Water is expected to reach the interface zone after the resaturation of the geological massive and its presence may lead to concrete leaching. Such a phenomenon could increase the interface transmissivity and compromise the confinement of radioactive waste. This paper intends to investigate the influence of concrete leaching on the hydromechanical behaviour of host rock-concrete interfaces. Some concrete specimens have been subjected to an accelerated leaching process using ammonium nitrate. The hydromechanical response of degraded concrete-rock interfaces has been studied under shearing and compared to that of sound interfaces. Consistent with the results available in the literature on bulk concrete, a loss of mechanical strength has been observed for the degraded interface. Unlike the sound specimens, the degraded interfaces do not dilate when sheared and they tend to be closed, thereby preventing water from flowing. Correspondence: O. Buzzi, Centre for Geotechnical and Materials Modelling, School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, 2308 Callaghan NSW, Australia  相似文献   

雷氏盐特异沉淀法提取和分离海藻中的季铵化合物     

韩丽君  符瑞文  孙汉章 《海洋科学》2000,24(5):44-46

采用了与季铵化合物有高度化学反应特异性的雷氏盐(四硫氰基二氨合铬酸氨 ,Am moniumreinecke,ammoniumtetrathiocyanatodiamminechromate)将季铵化合物从样品中沉淀出来以达到提取和分离的目的。分析结果表明 ,海藻中季铵化合物的含量很丰富 ;绿藻特别是浒苔中的季铵化合物含量最高可达到1.31 %。  相似文献   

有机质对城市污染河道沉积物铵态氮吸附-解吸的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

刘波  盛明  唐千  刘娜  吴馨婷  朱程芳  沈玲玲  周准  王国祥 《湖泊科学》2015,27(1):50-57

采集污染程度不同的城市河道沉积物(通吕运河、濠河和通甲河),在分析H2O2对沉积物有机质和铵态氮影响的基础上,分析沉积物在去除有机质前后铵态氮释放动力学和吸附热力学过程,研究城市污染河道沉积物有机质对铵态氮吸附-解吸的影响.结果表明:单位体积H2O2对有机质去除率随H2O2使用量增多而降低;去除有机质后,沉积物铵态氮含量显著增加,通吕运河、濠河和通甲河铵态氮最大含量分别是有机质去除前的4.16、3.55和2.85倍;沉积物对铵态氮的饱和吸附量随有机质含量减少而下降;沉积物铵态氮释放过程均表现为先快速释放,后减缓至平衡过程;去除有机质后,随着有机质含量的减少,沉积物铵态氮的最大释放量呈增大趋势;沉积物有机质和铵态氮含量是影响沉积物铵态氮释放的主要因素.  相似文献   

城市河流沉积物中氮素与好氧甲烷氧化菌群落特征响应关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘洋  陈永娟  王晓燕  许康利 《湖泊科学》2018,30(5):1271-1283

由于人类活动的影响大量未经处理的废污水汇入城市河流,高浓度的污染物影响了河流中微生物对生物地球化学物质迁移和转化的介导作用.本文选取典型的城市河流——北运河作为研究区域,分析了北运河沉积物中氮素形态以及含量的空间和季节差异性,并结合克隆文库分子生物学的方法,探讨了氮素形态和含量的差异对好氧甲烷氧化菌(aerobic methane-oxidizing microorganisms,MOB)群落特征的影响.结果表明:北运河沉积物中铵态氮(NH_4~+-N)为氮素的主要存在形态,存在显著的空间差异,其含量在下游显著高于上游,但季节差异不显著.NH_4~+-N含量的空间差异对MOB的群落结构和群落分布有显著影响,对群落多样性影响不显著.NH_4~+-N含量的空间分布特征与MOB的群落聚类特征一致,NH_4~+-N对MOB群落分布的影响显著高于其他形态的氮素,其含量越高,则与MOB群落分布的响应关系越紧密.北运河中NH_4~+-N的来源影响了沉积物中MOB的主要来源,MOB高同源性菌群的来源与NH_4~+-N等主要污染物的来源一致.沉积物中MOB物种之间联系的紧密程度依赖于氮素的主要存在形态及其含量水平.NH_4~+-N含量较高的下游沉积物中微生物彼此之间关系及集聚程度更强,受外界环境变化的干扰程度更强,受人类活动引起环境变化的敏感程度更高.城市河流中氮素的形态和含量差异对甲烷的氧化过程有显著影响.探究城市河流沉积物中高含量的NH_4~+-N对甲烷产生及消耗的影响过程是控制河流温室气体排放的关键.  相似文献   

Studies on Biquaternary Ammonium Salt Algaecide for Removing Red Tide Algae     

刘洁生  张珩  杨维东  高洁  柯琼 《海洋通报(英文版)》2004,6(1):60-65

Phaeoecystis globosa, one of the most widespread marine Haptophytes, is a newly discovered species of algae in China. During the period from the autumn of 1997 to the spring of 1998, a heavy harmful algal bloom (HAB) of P. globosal first occurred in the coastal waters of East China Sea and South China Sea, which caused a great impact on the local aquiculture industry [1, 2]. Since then, this HAB has frequently attacked this area. Alexandrium tamarense can produce paralytic shellfish po…  相似文献   

四川绿豆岩提取钾肥及其综合利用新工艺试验研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

汤志凯 《四川地质学报》1996,(1)

绿豆岩是一种富钾火山凝灰岩，因含有硅质豆粒，颜色鲜艳成绿色，故俗称绿豆岩。绿豆岩按后生变化结果可分力富钾凝灰岩（脱玻后的玻屑凝灰岩）和绿鳞石粘土岩。绿鳞石粘土岩经酸浸分解，析出非晶态二氧化硅，游离出钾、镁、铝等离子，按化工工艺流程生产出硫酸铵钾（俗称钾氮肥）、七水硫酸镁、氢氧化铝等产品。  相似文献   

Ammonium Variational Trends and the Ammonia Neutralization Effect on Acid Rain over East Asia          下载免费PDF全文

GAO Chao  WANG Zi-F  Enagnon A. GBAGUIDI 《大气和海洋科学快报》2010,3(2):120-126

The distribution and variations of ammonium and the ammonia neutralization effect on acid rain were examined in East Asia during the period of 2000-05 using observed wet deposition data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET). Observational trends show a high proportion of NH4+ in the total cations, with a six-year mean proportion of over 20% for continental and inland regions. The concentrations and deposition of NH4+ were higher in western China and Vietnam than in other regions. The annual variations in NH4+ concentration were smooth in most of the regions, except for southern China and Vietnam, where the NH4+ concentrations increased, and western China, where the NH4+ concentrations decreased. The neutralization factors (NFs) of NH4+ indicate that ammonia has a great neutralization capability toward acid rain, including for the regions with low NH4+ concentrations, such as Japan. The NFs were high in summer, with no obvious discrepancies between the northern and southern stations. However, the correlation coefficients between NH4+ concentrations and rain pH values imply that the ammonia neutralization effects on the pH values were distinct only at southern China and southern Japan stations. The neutralization of precipitation by ammonia was estimated by comparing the discrepancies between the observed pH values and the pH values calculated without ammonia consuming the H+ in NH4+. The results demonstrate that ammonia may increase annual mean pH values by 0.4-0.7 in southern China and by 0.15-0.25 in southern Japan.  相似文献   

锡林河流域羊草草原暗栗钙土矿质氮动态变化   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

杨小红  董云社  齐玉春  耿元波 《地理研究》2005,24(3):387-393

通过野外采样,分析了内蒙古锡林河流域三个不同放牧强度羊草草原0～30cm表层土壤中矿质氮（NH₄⁺-N+NO₃^--N）的浓度特征,研究了它们在生长季期间的含量变化情况。结果表明:羊草草原暗栗钙土中矿质氮主要以NH₄⁺-N形式存在,矿质氮含量仅占土壤全氮的0.20%～0.92%;土壤矿质氮含量随草地放牧强度升高而降低,围封禁牧多年的羊草样地矿质氮含量高于轮牧地和自由放牧地;生长季期间0～10cm、10～20cm和20～30cm各层次土壤NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量随土壤温度、水分和植物生长吸收的变化而波动明显,不同深度土壤矿质氮的季节变化趋势基本一致,表层0～10cm土壤矿质氮含量波动幅度最大:在4月和7、8月份,NO₃^--N和NH₄⁺-N浓度分别出现峰值;NH₄⁺-N和NO₃^--N含量随采样深度增加而降低,各采样点0～30cm土壤中NH₄⁺-N含量均高于NO₃^--N。  相似文献   

2011夏季南极普里兹湾营养盐与浮游植物生物量的分布   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

孙维萍  扈传昱  韩正兵  潘建明  翁焕新 《极地研究》2012,24(2):178-186

利用2011南极夏季在普里兹湾获取的海水样,检测了Chla、磷酸盐、硅酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐的含量。结果表明,普里兹湾表层海水中Chla的含量普遍具有冰架边缘>陆架区>陆坡及深海区的分布特征,海冰的消融及水体的稳定性是影响表层海水Chla分布的主要原因。Chla含量的垂直分布与光照条件相关,具有上层水体含量高,随着深度逐渐降低的分布特征。磷酸盐、硅酸盐和硝酸盐的水平及垂直分布特征都与Chla的分布格局相反。表层海水中铵盐的分布特征与磷酸盐等主要营养盐的分布格局相反,冰架边缘、陆架区铵盐的垂直分布特征与陆坡及深海区不同,在冰架边缘和陆架区有机质降解过程主导着水柱中铵盐的浓度,而浮游植物吸收作用与有机质降解过程之间的平衡控制着陆坡及深海区铵盐的垂直分布。根据Chla与营养盐的浓度及分布特征,结合温度、盐度、溶解氧等水文要素,分析探讨了Chla深层最大值现象（DCM）的成因及67.5°S以南表层海水中铵盐对硝酸盐吸收的抑制作用。  相似文献