Copula-based identification of the non-stationarity of the relation between runoff and sediment load     

Shengzhi Huang  Pei Li  Qiang Huang  Guoyong Leng 《国际泥沙研究》2017,32(2)

It is important to identify the non-stationarity in the relation between runoff and sediment load under the backdrop of the changing environment. This relation helps to further understand the mechanisms of runoff and sediment yield. A copula-based method was used to detect possible change points in the relation between runoff and sediment load in the Wei River Basin (WRB), China, where soil erosion is a very severe issue. The modified Mann-Kendall trend test method was applied to obtain the trends of runoff and sediment load spanning 1960–2010 at monthly and annual timescales. Finally, the causes of the identified non-stationarity of the relation between runoff and sediment load were roughly analyzed from the perspective of climate change and human activities. Results indicated that:(1) the runoff and sediment load in the Jinghe and Wei rivers were generally characterized by noticeably decreasing trends at both monthly and annual timescales;(2) both the Jinghe and Wei rivers had a common change point (2002), implying that the stationarity of the relation between runoff and sediment load in the Jinghe and Wei River was invalid; (3) human activities including increasing water consumption and growing application of soil conservation practices are dominant factors resulting in non-stationarity in the rela-tion between runoff and sediment load in the WRB. This study provides a new idea for identifying the non-stationarity of multivariate relation in the hydro-meteorological field under the background of the changing environment.  相似文献   

青藏高原东缘的地壳流及动力过程   总被引：13，自引：6，他引：7       下载免费PDF全文

朱介寿  王绪本  杨宜海  范军  程先琼 《地球物理学报》2017,60(6):2038-2057

黏滞性地壳流对地壳及上地幔变形作用及动力机制,是大陆新生代造山带的一个重要研究内容.青藏高原中下地壳存在部分熔融或含水物质的黏滞性流体,已为一系列地球物理及岩石学研究所证实.为研究青藏高原东缘地壳流的动力作用,本文用密集的被动源宽频带地震台的观测数据,反演了地壳上地幔精细速度结构和泊松比.研究表明,川西及滇西北高原的中地壳内普遍存在低速层,而高泊松比的地壳只分布在川西北地区.位于中地壳的黏滞性地壳流从青藏高原腹地羌塘高原流出,自北西向南东流入青藏高原东缘.这些黏滞性地壳流带动了上地壳块体水平移动,当它们受到刚强的四川盆地及华南地块阻挡时将发生分层作用,地壳流将分为二或更多分支不同方向的分流,向上的一支地壳流将对上地壳产生挤压,引起地面隆升,向下的一支地壳流将使莫霍面下沉加厚下地壳·黏滞性地壳流的运动在地壳中产生应变破裂发生强烈地震活动,地震的空间分布与震源机制也受到地壳流动力作用控制.  相似文献   

Decline of the mid‐ to late Holocene forests in China: climatic change or human impact?     

Guoyu Ren 《第四纪科学杂志》2000,15(3):273-281

Fossil pollen data from China indicate continued forest decline during the mid‐ to late Holocene in most regions north of the Yangtze River. The earliest forest decline can be detected ca. 5000 yr BP in the middle and lower Yellow River regions. North, northeast and northwest from this region, forest decline became progressively later, and almost no decline took place in the northernmost part of northeast China and in the remote areas of west China during the last 5000 yr. Climate changes could hardly account for the temporal and spatial patterns of the forest decline. Instead, anthropogenic disturbance may have been of overwhelming importance. Ancient agriculture and high‐density settlement expanded outward from the middle and lower Yellow River regions in similar patterns to those of forest change. This study also indicates that land‐use and land‐cover changes may have started in the early stage of Chinese civilization in an extensive area of the country. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

华北板块南缘中段中上三叠统软沉积变形构造的发现及其地质意义     

全晓园  刘池洋  张龙  张东东  王建强  马奂奂  冯琦  翟光麾 《现代地质》2020,34(2):333-344

豫西地区中上三叠统主要出露在济源、义马、伊川和南召一带。印支期秦岭造山运动控制和影响着邻区中上三叠统盆地属性和沉积地层展布。通过观察研究区野外露头剖面,发现中上三叠统发育一系列典型的软沉积变形构造,包括液化底辟、枕状构造、液化柱、液化卷曲变形、负载、球-枕、火焰状构造、液化角砾岩。这些软沉积变形在垂向上表现出明显的复现性,在侧向上表现为沿地层连续展布,表明该时期研究区内地层受到频繁强烈的地震影响。通过对这些软沉积现象的识别和形成机制解释,判定其触发因素为秦岭造山过程中伴生的地震。区内地层中震积岩的存在即是对秦岭造山过程中构造活动的响应。  相似文献   

长白山火山活动发展阶段及火山灾害评价     

于宏斌  吕忠良  常永祥  姚廷才 《吉林地质》2004,23(4):34-37,73

长白山地区火山活动划分二个发展阶段：以点一线形式喷发形成的广阔玄武岩台地阶段一焊缝构造发展阶段;中心式大规模喷发形成的锥状火山机构一焊点构造发展阶段,长白山地区乃至吉林东部地区中一新生代以来抬升平均速率81m／Ma及白头山一泉阳一露水河一带中生代以来存在一个火山坳陷盆地。  相似文献   

山东及邻区双震现象的研究     

苏鸾声 《华北地震科学》2000,18(3):32-37

对山东及邻区中强以上地震的双震现象进行了研究,结果是：Ｍ４．０现象以上中等地震双震,主要集中在渤海海峡和邢台地区及其构造附近;Ｍ５．０级以上中强震双震,主要分布在渤海海峡、邢台、临沂、菏泽这些历史和现今７级以上强震震中区附近。分析认为：双震现象可能主要与上地幔隆起、断层发育、构造复杂和高应力背景有关。  相似文献   

Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Dust‐Bound Trace Metal Elements around Kuhdasht Watershed Area in Iran     

Hamid Alipour  Ahmad Jalalian  Naser Honarjoo  Norair Tommanian  Fereidoon Sarmadian 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2019,47(10)

Dust, as a source of trace metal elements, affects the health of society. The spatial and temporal concentrations of dust‐bound trace metals (Cd, Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in Kuhdasht watershed (456 km²), Lorestan Province, Iran, is investigated. Dust is collected using glass traps placed in ten research stations in the region. The spatial and temporal distribution of dust trace metals are plotted using ARC‐GIS. The highest and the lowest concentrations of Zn (9751150 mg kg^?1), Pb (46.352.9 mg kg^?1), and Cd (2.443.30 mg kg^?1) are obtained in winter, of Ni (98110 mg kg^?1) and Cu in autumn (16.053.5 mg kg^?1), and of Mn in summer (385505 mg kg^?1). The spatial concentrations of dust‐bound trace metals indicate all, except Cu, show a decreasing trend from the mountains toward the plains, similar to that of soil and of dust, except for Zn, which shows higher concentrations in dust than in soil. The potential sources of dust‐bound trace metals and their rate of contamination are also investigated using the enrichment and contamination factors. The major sources of Cd and Zn in the dust of watershed are due to anthropogenic activities or from activities outside the borders.  相似文献   

RESEARCH ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF QUATERNARY ACTIVITIES OF SU-XI-CHANG FAULT          下载免费PDF全文

ZHANG Peng  ZHANG Yuan-yuan  XU Han-gang  LIU Jian-da  CHEN Jian-qiang  LI Li-mei  LI Jin-liang  GU Qin-ping  JIANG Xin 《地震地质》2019,41(5):1172-1184

Running across the urban areas of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou, the NW-trending Su-Xi-Chang Fault is an important buried fault in Yangtze River Delta. In the respect of structural geomorphology, hilly landform is developed along the southwest side of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault, and a series of lakes and relatively low-lying depressions are developed on its northeast side, which is an important landform and neotectonic boundary line. The fault controlled the Jurassic and Cretaceous stratigraphic sedimentary and Cenozoic volcanic activities, and also has obvious control effects on the modern geomorphology and Quaternary stratigraphic distribution. Su-Xi-Chang Fault is one of the target faults of the project "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Changzhou City" and "Urban active fault exploration and seismic risk assessment in Suzhou City". Hidden in the ground with thick cover layer, few researches have been done on this fault in the past. The study on the activity characteristics and the latest activity era of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is of great significance for the prevention and reduction of earthquake disaster losses caused by the destructive earthquakes to the cities of Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou. Based on shallow seismic exploration and drilling joint profiling method, Quaternary activities and distribution characteristics of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault are analyzed systematically. Shallow seismic exploration results show that the south branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Suzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the north-east, with a dip angle of about 60° and a displacement of 3~5m on the bedrock surface. The north branch of the Su-Xi-Chang Fault in Changzhou area is dominated by normal faulting, dipping to the south, with a dip angle of about 55°~70° and a displacement of 4~12m on the bedrock surface. All breakpoints of Su-Xi-Chang Fault on the seismic exploration profiles show that only the bedrock surface was dislocated, not the interior strata of the Quaternary. On the drilling joint profile in the Dongqiao site of Suzhou, the latest activity of the south branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting, with maximum displacement of 2.9m in the upper part of Lower Pleistocene, and the Middle Pleistocene has not been dislocated by the fault. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 3.7m in the Neogene stratum. On the drilling joint profile in the Chaoyang Road site of Changzhou, the latest activity of the north branch of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is manifested as reverse faulting too, with maximum displacement of 2.8m in the bottom layer of the Middle Pleistocene. The fault acts as normal fault in the Pre-Quaternary strata, with a displacement of 10.2m in the bedrock surface. Combining the above results, we conclude that the latest activity era of Su-Xi-Chang Fault is early Middle Pleistocene. The Su-Xi-Chang Fault was dominated by the sinistral normal faulting in the pre-Quaternary period, and turned into sinistral reverse faulting after the early Pleistocene, with displacement of about 3m in the Quaternary strata. The maximum magnitude of potential earthquake on the Su-Xi-Chang Fault is estimated to be 6.0.  相似文献   

湖北太白湖孢粉记录揭示的近1500年以来长江中下游地区的气候变化与人类活动   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

仝秀芳  肖霞云  羊向东  王苏民  萧家仪 《湖泊科学》2009,21(5):732-740

太白湖TN1孔总长153cm岩芯的孢粉组合与炭屑指标,揭示了近1500年以来太白湖流域的植被经历了7个阶段的变化,对引起植被发生这种变化的主导冈素探讨认为,520-1310AD期间,植被变化主要受气候变化的控制,人类活动的影响相对较弱;1310-1710AD期间,人类活动对植被的影响强度增加,为以自然控制为主向人类活动驱动为主转化的过渡期:1710AD以来,植被变化以人类活动驱动为主,反映的气候信号相对较弱.在孢粉组合所反映的气候变化中,具有520-720AD、1050-1310AD和自1950AD以来的三个暖期和720-1050AD、1310-1710AD期间的两个冷期.  相似文献   

围栏养蟹利用与女山湖沉水植物资源保护   总被引：27，自引：5，他引：22  

祖国掌  管远亮  候冠军  李海洋  陈宇  陶继亮  周国之 《湖泊科学》1999,11(1):91-96

本文对亚洲中部地区内陆湖泊近百年来的变化及其变化的原因,特别是气候因素进行了考察与分析,位于我国内蒙古东部及蒙古高原北部的湖泊,近百年来其变化以及水位上涨与面积扩张为主,产生这种湖泊水位上升的原因与该地区降水增加有关。  相似文献