东昆仑断裂东端塔藏断裂压剪活动与高原隆升作用讨论   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

胡朝忠  任金卫  杨攀新  熊仁伟  陈长云  付俊东 《地质学报》2017,91(7):1401-1415

塔藏断裂位于东昆仑断裂带东端,横贯青藏高原东缘的高原内部和边缘,因属于巴颜喀拉块体向东南运移的东北侧边界带,其晚第四纪活动性质和滑动速率对认识青藏高原的构造变形模式极端重要。本文综合SPOT、中巴资源卫星等高分辨率遥感影像解译,利用冲沟、山脊、断错河流阶地、断层槽谷、反向坎等地震地貌的识别,开展详细的断错地层、地貌研究和系列年代学样品采集测试,对塔藏断裂的精细几何展布、晚第四纪活动性质、滑动速率进行详细分析。塔藏断裂自西向东可分为青藏高原内部的罗叉段、青藏高原边缘的东北村段和马家磨段,各段走向依次为113°、142°、130°,逐渐向南偏转,晚第四纪的活动表现为分段性和多期性。罗叉段全新世以左旋剪切走滑为主兼挤压活动,左旋走滑速率为2.43~2.89mm/a左右,最新地表断错事件发生在0.66±0.04ka BP以来,断层面表现出走滑断层的近垂直和张裂并发育充填楔的典型特征,塔藏断裂为东昆仑断裂系东延的主要断裂之一;马家磨段也为全新世活动断层,距今9.0±0.8ka的地层被断错,而且断层面北倾达58°。因此,对比分析塔藏断裂各段活动特征可见,西部以水平剪切运动为主,而东部走滑运动分量逐渐变弱,断面北倾、北盘上升导致的垂向分量逐渐变大。东昆仑断裂带及塔藏断裂晚第四纪走滑速率向东规则减小,并转化为横向逆冲作用和高原隆升,符合"叠瓦状逆冲转换—有限挤出模型"的特征。  相似文献   

Thermal-mechanical Influences and Environmental Effects of Expressway Construction on the Qinghai-Tibet Permafrost Engineering Corridor     

Ma Wei  Mu Yanhu  Xie Shengbo  Mao Yuncheng  Chen Dun 《地球科学进展》2017,32(5):459-464

The Qinghai-Tibet Engineering Corridor (QTEC) is a strategic passage between Tibet and central China. In the past half century, several major projects have been built in this narrow corridor with vulnerable geoenvironment. Along with a new round of economic development of the Tibet autonomous region, some major linear projects including expressway, double-tracking railway, high voltage power transmission line have been incorporated into the national development planning within the corridor, and especially the expressway construction is imminent now. In the QTEC, permafrost is a controlling factor of geological environment, which will impose great restrictions on engineering construction. In turn, engineering construction will induce significant effects on permafrost geological environment. With more and more linear infrastructures crowding into the QTEC, the thermal interaction among permafrost engineering and engineering disturbance on permafrost thermal-mechanical regime will be more significant. With respect to this issue, a research program focusing on thermal-mechanical influences and environmental effects of expressway construction on the Qinghai-Tibet permafrost engineering corridor was started and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. In this paper, the research significance, key scientific issues, main research contents and goals of the program are introduced so as to provide some references for related researchers and engineers.  相似文献   

辽东黄花甸地区古元古代花岗质岩浆作用及其地质意义   总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1  

王鹏森  董永胜  李富强  高铂森  甘宜成  陈木森  许王 《岩石学报》2017,33(9):2708-2724

胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带的辽东黄花甸地区出露大量古元古代花岗质岩石,前人将该区的花岗质岩石统称为花岗质混杂岩。本文通过详细的野外地质调查和室内综合研究,将该套花岗质混杂岩解体为时代及性质完全不同的两类花岗岩——黑云母二长花岗岩和花岗闪长岩。其中黑云母二长花岗岩具有块状、条痕状、片麻状的不同构造类型,均显示富SiO_2(72.37%~77.44%)、贫Al_2O_3(11.69%~13.21%)、富K_2O(3.97%~5.11%)的特征,Na_2O/K_2O=0.64~1.08,TiO_2含量在0.18%~0.34%之间,MnO、MgO和P_2O_5的含量较低,分别为0.01%~0.07%、0.12%~0.32%和0.01%~0.06%,铝饱和指数A/CNK集中分布在1.33~1.45之间,A/NK在1.49~2.60之间,属于过铝质高钾钙碱性系列;微量元素Sr、Ba、Ti、P强烈亏损,具有明显的Eu负异常,具有A型花岗岩的特征。黑云母二长花岗岩的锆石大部分为具有清晰震荡环带结构的岩浆锆石,从3个样品获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb谐和年龄分别为2185±29Ma、2183±13Ma、2166±10Ma,据目前所获得南辽河群碎屑锆石年龄(1.95~2.15Ga),本文认为黑云母二长花岗岩的侵位时代要早于南辽河群地层沉积的时间,构成了南辽河群地层沉积的基底。花岗闪长岩呈岩枝状侵入黑云母二长花岗岩和里尔峪组地层中,富SiO_2(72.54%~74.31%)、Al_2O_3(15.01%~16.17%),全碱(K_2O+Na_2O)平均7.77%,相对富钠(Na_2O/K_2O=1.27~2.82),贫钙、镁,MgO平均为0.26%,CaO平均为1.59%,Mg#值平均为54.0,铝饱和指数A/CNK集中分布在1.61~1.78之间,A/NK在1.49~2.60之间,属于过铝质钙碱性系列,具明显的Eu正异常,Y/Yb低,Sr/Y高,而且强烈亏损Th、Ta、Nb、Ti等高场强元素,富集Ba、K、Rb、Sr等低场强元素,具有埃达克质花岗岩的特征。花岗闪长岩的锆石大部分为具有清晰震荡环带结构的岩浆锆石,从2个样品获得LAICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为1995±18Ma、1995±13Ma。可以推断花岗闪长岩的侵位时代为2.0Ga左右。本文认为具有A型特征的黑云二长花岗岩是陆块内部拉伸减薄-裂解过程中下部地壳部分熔融的产物,具有埃达克质特征的花岗闪长岩是俯冲过程中所形成火山弧或活动大陆边缘岩浆活动的产物。以上研究表明胶-辽-吉古元古代造山/活动带可能经历了在2.2~2.15Ga左右的拉伸裂解过程和2.0Ga左右俯冲挤压的构造演化过程。  相似文献   

The use of wave forecasts for maritime activities safety assessment     

《Applied Ocean Research》2017

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鸭绿江河口西岸潮滩沉积对流域人类活动的响应     

石勇  刘治帅  高建华  杨旸  王亚平 《海洋学报(英文版)》2017,36(4):54-63

The response to the catchment changes of the sedimentary environment of the western intertidal flat of Yalu River Estuary was investigated by analyzing the vertical variations of the grain size of sediment cores,along with the hydrologic data and human activities in the catchment.The results demonstrated a stepwise decreasing trend for the variations of both the sediment load and water discharge into the sea,which could be divided into three stages as 1958–1970,1971–1990 and 1991–2009.Reservoir construction and the changes of catchment vegetation coverage turned out to be the two predominant contributors to the changes.There are four periods for the variation of the sensitive components of the sediment cores from 1940 to 2010,i.e.,1940–1950,1951–1980,1981–1990 and 1991–2010.The vertical distribution of grain size in the cores mainly varied with the changes of vegetation coverage in the catchment and reservoir construction from 1960 to 1980,whereas it varied depending on the intensity of water and soil erosion in the catchment from 1980 to 1990.Despite the further reduction of the water and sediment input into the sea from 1990 to 2009,this period was characterized by coarsening trends for the grain size of sediment in the estuarine intertidal flat and correspondingly,the significantly increased silt contents of the sensitive component.  相似文献   

Decision support tools in marine spatial planning: Present applications,gaps and future perspectives     

《Marine Policy》2017

Evidence-based decision making is an essential process for sustainable, effective, and efficient marine spatial planning (MSP). In that sense, decision support tools (DSTs) could be considered to be the primary assistant of planners. Although there are many DSTs listed in tool databases, most of them are conceptual and not used in real MSP implementation. The main objective of this review is to: (i) characterize and analyse the present use of the DSTs in existing MSP implementation processes around the world, (ii) identify weaknesses and gaps of existing tools, and (iii) propose new functionalities both to improve their feasibility and to promote their application. In total, 34 DSTs have been identified in 28 different MSP initiatives with different levels of complexity, applicability and usage purposes. Main characteristics of the tools were transferred into a DST matrix. It was observed that limited functionality, tool stability, consideration of economic and social decision problems, ease of use, and tool costs could be considered as the main gaps of existing DSTs. Future developments are needed and should be in the direction of the specific need of marine planners and stakeholders. Results revealed that DST developments should consider both spatial and temporal dynamics of the ocean, and new tools should provide multi-functionality and integrity; meanwhile they should be easy to use and freely available. Hence, this research summarised current use, gaps, and expected development trends of DSTs and it concludes that there is still a big potential of DST developments to assist operational MSP processes.  相似文献