多特征约束下的复杂交叉路口主辅路识别     

张鸿刚  李成名  于美娜  武鹏达  郭曼 《测绘通报》2020,(10):21

主干道、辅路的准确识别对于实现复杂交叉路口的自动综合至关重要。传统方法多依赖于路段的笔直程度和弯曲程度描述路口的主干道和辅路，然而复杂交叉路口结构错综复杂、形态变化多样，仅依赖这两种特征进行主辅路识别的准确度有限，且部分形态相似的主辅路无法识别。为此，本文提出了一种多特征约束下的复杂交叉路口主辅路识别方法。首先提取复杂交叉路口的特征点，根据特征点对弧段进行打断，依据路段的笔直程度识别出平行弧段；然后依据道路延展性、角度、距离等特征识别平行簇获取复杂交叉路口中的主干道；最后通过紧凑度和距离关系识别匝道获取复杂交叉路口中的辅路。以南京OSM城市路网为例的试验表明，本文方法能够准确识别出复杂交叉路口的主干道和辅助路段，识别精度分别达到93.60%和89.43%。  相似文献   

基于多尺度的中国环境污染事件时空分布及其影响因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵雪雁  王蓉  王晓琪  刘江华 《地理科学》2019,39(9):1361-1370

环境污染事件已成为人类社会发展面临的严峻挑战,严重制约着人类社会的可持续发展,当前急需厘清环境污染事件的时空特征及影响因素,为制定有效的环保政策提供借鉴。利用Theil指数、变异系数、ESDA等方法,分析了2006~2016年中国环境污染事件的时空分布特征,并借助地理探测器识别了不同尺度环境污染事件的影响因素。结果表明：① 2006~2016年省级尺度环境污染事件发生总频次与不同等级环境污染事件发生频次均呈波动下降趋势,其发生频次和区域差异呈“东-中-西”洼地型格局;② 地级市尺度环境污染事件发生频次随城市规模减小有所降低,随经济发展水平降低呈倒U型,同时,环保重点城市污染事件发生频次高于普通城市的特征;而环境污染事件的差异性表现为随城市规模减小有所降低,随经济发展水平降低而递减,及环保重点城市高于普通城市的特征。③ “胡焕庸线”以东地区环境污染事件多发且类型多样,以西地区污染事件少发且类型单一,不同等级环境污染事件的空间分布差异较大;④ 环境污染事件的影响因素存在差异,且随尺度增大,影响因素与环境污染事件的关联性趋于增强。其中,经济发展和环境监管水平对不同尺度环境污染事件均有显著影响,环境监管水平与其他因素的交互作用对不同尺度环境污染事件的解释力较高。  相似文献   

海洋陆源性污染联防联控机制的SD仿真分析——基于浙江省的经验证据          下载免费PDF全文

王方  胡求光 《海洋开发与管理》2020,37(11):75-83

随着沿海地区经济的快速发展，海洋陆源性污染日益严重，加强陆海统筹、联防联控治理已迫在眉睫。文章基于系统动力学（SD），构建系统仿真模型，研究不同的联防联控机制情景对浙江省海洋陆源性污染的影响效应。仿真结果表明：联防联控机制将有效减少浙江省入海陆源废水的排放，但是对GDP影响较弱；相较于维持联防联控机制的实施现状，提高排污标准、技术投入、环境治理投资总额、法律约束力等联防联控三大机制的实施强度对浙江省海洋陆源性污染的治理效应更为显著；不同联防联控机制情景的仿真结果存在一定的差异，技术投入和环境治理投资总额的增加对浙江省海洋陆源性污染的治理效果最为明显。提出：制定更加严格的排污标准,控制陆源污染源头;拓宽环境治理投资和技术投入的支持渠道,提高陆源污染物净化效率;完善联防联控立法,加强联合防治监管能力,强化法律的约束力等建议。  相似文献   

南澳岛海域表层沉积物重金属分布、富集与污染评价   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

乔永民  顾继光  杨扬  黄长江 《热带海洋学报》2010,29(1):77-84

南澳岛是广东南澳县的主岛, 周边海域的环境保护被置于当地社会经济发展的重要位置。为此, 2004年 5月、7月选择以水产养殖为主的后江湾和白沙湾及以旅游为主的青澳湾作为研究对象, 对南澳岛海域重金属的 含量、分布、富集及污染状况进行了调查与评价。结果表明该海域重金属元素的平均含量为Cd: 0.19mg.kg-1, Cr: 26.86mg.kg-1, Cu: 20.71mg.kg-1, Ni: 22.78mg.kg-1, Pb: 35.67mg.kg-1, Zn: 79.48mg.kg-1, 低于近岸经济发达海域, 但高于受人类活动影响较小的外海; 在分布特征上表现为湾口高于湾内, 养殖区高于非养殖区的总趋势, 但在各海湾之间重金属含量并无显著差异, 表明南澳岛海域重金属主要来源于地表径流输入。该海域以城市污水中代表元素Cu (Cf = 2.75), Pb (Cf = 2.27)富集为主; 以海洋沉积物质量标准、沉积物质量基准和美国太平洋沿岸基线值评价, 南澳岛海域环境质量均处于健康状态, 但其潜在污染效应仍值得关注。  相似文献   

准噶尔盆地腹部下侏罗统三工河组储层物性—含油性特征及主控因素分析     

王金铎  许淑梅  张关龙  任新成  曾治平  武向峰  舒鹏程  冯怀伟 《地质论评》2022,68(3):1129-1144

为解决准噶尔盆地腹部沙窝地、莫西庄和征沙村三地区下侏罗统三工河组砂岩储层物性—含油性差异大及控制因素不清的问题,本文通过岩芯描述、铸体薄片和扫描电镜分析,依据物性数据及压汞资料,对研究区三工河组储集空间特征、孔渗特征及孔喉结构特征进行了详细的研究,通过隔夹层分析、岩屑成分及含量分析、成岩特征研究等方法探讨了制约研究区三工河组储层物性—含油性关系的主控因素,研究表明沙窝地和莫西庄小区三工河组储层埋深相对较浅,主要以中粗孔喉和较细孔喉的原生（残留）孔隙为主;征沙村小区埋藏较深,以细孔喉和微孔喉的次生孔隙及裂缝发育为特色。在此基础上探讨了三工河组储层物性的控制因素,研究认为埋藏深度为影响储层发育的主要因素;沉积微相和砂体成因类型为控制储层发育的基础;低地温梯度延迟了压实效应等,有效保存了原生孔隙;塑性岩屑含量、储层的隔层和夹层因素,即储层的非均质性在某种程度上影响砂体的储集性。  相似文献   

哈萨克斯坦主要矿产资源特征及矿业投资环境     

高永伟  刘明义  张丹丹  张宇轩  李旭拓  曹凯 《地质与勘探》2022,58(2):454-464

哈萨克斯坦地处中亚核心位置,是丝绸之路经济带的重要节点和战略枢纽,具有丰富的矿产资源,地缘政治经济意义重大,是中国企业开展国际矿业投资合作的重要目标国之一。本文在系统梳理哈萨克斯坦基本国情、主要矿产资源特征及开发现状、地质工作程度和地矿管理体系等基础上,对哈萨克斯坦的矿业投资环境进行了评价,分析了矿业投资的有利和不利条件。研究认为哈萨克斯坦矿产资源禀赋优势突出,油气、铀、铬、金、钨、铅、锌及铜等矿种的资源储量居世界前列;全国仅有10%～15%的已探明矿产资源处于开发阶段,采矿业发展潜力巨大;哈萨克斯坦的总体投资环境优越,吸引外资力度逐渐加大,矿产勘探开发水平不断提升。但中国企业开展矿业投资也存在竞争力不足,以及面临政策法规不稳定、地质技术资料不可靠及运营等方面的风险。为此,建议中国投资者一方面要加强对哈萨克斯坦优势矿产的投资力度,积极拓展合作方式及合作领域;另一方面要注重与哈萨克斯坦各利益集团建立良好关系,结合企业优势,综合评价矿业项目,做好风险预警防范;同时,在投资过程中要尊重地方文化习俗,积极履行社会责任。  相似文献   

某矿区土壤重金属分布特征及来源解析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

乔雯  王议  张德强  殷秀兰  白光宇  何培雍 《现代地质》2022,36(2):543-551

为探究赣南某矿区土壤重金属污染状况及来源,以该矿区内40个土壤样品为研究对象,分析了土壤中Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni、Cd、As和Hg等8种重金属元素的含量,并采用频率直方图、相关性分析、主成分分析等多种统计方法探究了土壤重金属含量的分布特征及来源。研究结果表明:(1)研究区8种重金属中有7种不同程度地超过了江西省土壤重金属元素背景值;(2)Pb、Zn、As和Hg的含量接近正态分布,而Cu、Cr、Ni和Cd的含量则呈现出右偏分布的趋势,这可能与研究区矿山开采活动及土地利用类型等因素有关;(3)矿区土壤重金属相关性分析表明,Cu、Cr、Ni的同源性较高,可能具有相同的污染源,而Pb、Zn、Cd等元素与Cu、Cr、Ni相比,其来源可能存在一定的差异;(4)主成分分析结果显示,矿区内土壤中8种重金属元素含量可以由2个主成分来解释,所代表的实际意义按贡献率排序分别是成土母质和人为采矿活动;(5)矿区内土壤重金属污染物主要为Pb、Zn、Cd,人为采矿活动是这三种重金属污染的主要来源。  相似文献   

河南省太行山东麓煤层气成藏主控因素及有利区优选     

罗洪浩  王德伟  吴会永  许军  刘炎昊  陈俊侠 《中国煤炭地质》2022,(1)

以研究区上古生界煤层气资源为主,通过收集已有地质勘查成果、地震剖面处理解释、测井资料再处理解释等资料,分析了煤层气成藏地质背景,恢复煤系地层的岩相古地理面貌。在此基础上,综合分析煤层气形成的地质条件,研究煤层气形成的主要控制因素和煤层气的赋存规律,采用单因素分析综合地质评价方法优选出上古生界煤层气的目的层段和有利区,为河南省煤层气勘查开发提供理论依据。  相似文献   

Geological evolution of offshore pollution and its long-term potential impacts on marine ecosystems     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(5):101427

Populations and metropolitan centers are accumulated in coastal areas around the world. In view of the fact that they are geographically adjacent to coasts and intense anthropogenic activities, increasing global offshore pollution has been an important worldwide concern over the past several decades and has become a very serious problem that needs to be addressed urgently. Due to offshore pollution, various geological disasters occur in high frequency, including intensified erosion and salinization of coastal soils, frequent geological collapses and landslides and increasing seismic activities. Moreover, offshore pollution shows increasingly serious impacts on the topography and geomorphology of offshore and coastal areas, including coastal degradation, retreating coastlines and estuary delta erosion. Offshore sedimentation processes are strongly influenced by the pH changes of terrestrial discharges, and sedimentary dynamics have become extremely acute and complex due to offshore pollution. The seabed topography and hydrodynamic environment determine the fate and transport of pollutants entering offshore regions. Coastal estuaries, port basins and lagoons that have relatively moderate ocean currents and winds are more likely to accumulate pollutants. Offshore regions and undersea canyons can be used as conduits for transporting pollutants from the continent to the seabed. It is particularly noteworthy that the spatial/temporal distribution of species, community structures, and ecological functions in offshore areas have undergone unprecedented changes in recent decades. Due to increasing offshore pollution, the stable succession and development trend of marine ecosystems has been broken. It is thus important to identify and regulate the quantity, composition and transportation of pollutants in offshore regions and their behavior in marine ecosystems. In particular, crucial actions for stabilizing marine ecosystems, including increasing species and biodiversity, should be implemented to enhance their anti-interference capabilities. This review provides an overview of the current situation of offshore pollution, as well as major trends of pollutant fate and transportation from continent to marine ecosystems, transformation of pollutants in sediments, and their bioaccumulation and diffusion. This study retrospectively reviews the long-term geological evolution of offshore pollution from the perspective of marine geology, and analyses their long-term potential impacts on marine ecosystems. Due to ecological risks associated with pollutants released from offshore sediments, more research on the influence of global offshore pollution based on marine geology is undoubtedly needed.  相似文献   

Source analysis and risk evaluation of heavy metal in the river sediment of polymetallic mining area: Taking the Tonglüshan skarn type Cu-Fe-Au deposit as an example,Hubei section of the Yangtze River Basin,China     

《China Geology》2022,5(4):649-661

In this paper, 25 sampling points of overlying deposits in Tonglushan mining area, Daye City, Hubei Province, China were tested for heavy metal content to explore pollution characteristics, pollution sources and ecological risks of heavy metals in sediments. A geo-accumulation index method was used to evaluate the degree of heavy metal pollution in the sediment. The mean sediment quality guideline quotient was used for evaluating the ecological risk level of heavy metal in the sediment. And a method of correlation analysis, clustering analysis, and principal component analysis was used for preliminary analysis on the source of heavy metal in the sediment. It was indicated that there was extremely heavy metal pollution in the sediment, among which Cd was extremely polluted, Cu strongly contaminated, Zn, As, and Hg moderately contaminated, and Pb, Cr, and Ni were slightly contaminated. It was also indicated by the mean sediment quality guideline-quotient result that there was a high ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediment, and 64% of the sample sites had extremely high hidden biotoxic effects. For distribution, the contamination of branches was worse than that of the main channel of Daye Dagang, and the deposition of each heavy metal was mainly influenced by the distance from this sample site to the sewage draining exit of a tailings pond. The source analysis showed that the heavy metals in the sediment come from pollution discharging of mining and beneficiation companies, tailings ponds, smelting companies, and transport vehicles. In the study area, due to the influence of heavy metal discharging from these sources, the ecotoxicity of heavy metals in the sediment was extremely high, and Cd was the most toxic pollutant. The research figured out the key restoration area and elements for ecological restoration in the sediment of the Tonglüshan mining area, which could be referenced by monitoring and governance of heavy metal pollution in the sediment of the polymetallic mining area.©2022 China Geology Editorial Office.  相似文献