太平洋中部锰结核的稀土元素   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

郭世勤  孙文泓 《地质学报》1992,66(2):135-147

太平洋中部CP区和CC区锰结核中含有丰富的稀土元素。CP区结核较CC区结核富含REE,海山区结核较平原丘陵区结核富含REE。结核内部REE呈带状分布。结核和沉积物的稀土分布模式相同,与海水的模式曲线为镜像关系。三价稀土元素自海水进入结核时没有产生明显分异。造成结核和沉积物中REE丰度差别的主要原因是氧化还原条件。太平洋地区洋底的氧化还原强度主要受南极底流控制。结核中含铁相是REE的主要富集场所。  相似文献   

武汉黄棕壤铁锰氧化物胶膜的矿物学特征研究     

李岩  李艳  鲁安怀  王浩然  丁聪  杨晓雪 《岩石矿物学杂志》2016,35(2):355-362

铁锰氧化物矿物胶膜是我国黄棕壤中重要的铁锰元素富集载体,选取我国华中地区典型的铁锰氧化物矿物胶膜样品,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、偏光显微镜(POM)、环境扫描电子显微镜(ESEM)、能谱仪(EDX)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、高能量X射线粉末衍射(XRD)等研究方法,对原位和分离处理后的黄棕壤铁锰胶膜进行了详细的矿物学表征.结果表明,黄棕壤铁锰氧化物矿物胶膜由表及里,由外到内依次呈现富锰条带、富铁锰条带、富铁条带、富锰铁条带、富铁条带,并且锰铁元素含量之比不规则降低,其所含铁锰氧化物矿物主要为锰钡矿、针铁矿、水钠锰矿、六方水锰矿、水羟锰矿,粒度为纳米级,形貌多样.  相似文献   

南海东北部陆坡铁锰沉积记录对环境变化的指示意义   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

张兴茂  翁焕新 《海洋学报》2005,27(1):93-100

通过对南海东北陆坡沉积柱的研究,建立了高分辨率铁、锰、CaCO₃,Fe/Mn的值和醋酸溶性镁的变化序列.研究表明,铁和锰含量之间呈正相关关系,两者在垂直方向上总的变化趋势基本一致,锰的氧化还原界面的深度要比铁的浅.经过成岩作用,铁基本上可以保存它原始的沉积含量,间冰期沉积物中铁含量要比冰期的高,铁含量波动幅度和频率可以表示短期的气候剧烈波动的强度和频率,同时也表明了陆源供给的相对稳定性.锰保存的含量比它原始的沉积含量明显减少,锰含量的变化主要受海洋沉积环境的控制,在冰期锰含量得到相对富集,锰含量的较大波动多出现在碳酸盐含量发生较大变化的时候,锰含量的变化反映了曾经发生的海洋生产力、沉积速率和温度的巨大波动.在沉积柱中Fe/Mn的值的变化与碳酸钙的变化在总体上表现出相反的变化趋势,冰期Fe/Mn的值小,而在间冰期时其比值较大,Fe/Mn的值可以作为一个表征碳酸盐旋回的灵敏的替代性指标,同时Fe/Mn的值的变化可以表征大气二氧化碳的波动和海洋沉积速率的变化.  相似文献   

云贵高原红土性风化壳定年对象--锰结核的基础研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

冯金良  崔之久  张威  刘耕年  朱立平 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》2003,23(3):45-54

以野外剖面调查为基础，结合物理学、地球化学、矿物学和同位素年代学手段和方法，对云贵高原红土性风化壳中可资定年的对象——锰结核的产出状态、内部构造、地球化学特征、矿物组成及锰结核全岩的^40K／^40Ar定年进行了探索性研究，为解决我国风化壳的发育年龄奠定基础。研究结果表明：锰结核的形成晚于其赋存介质(风化壳)的生成；在风化壳中，锰结核的内部构造以(准)同心圆状构造为主；结核形成过程中发生了MnO和Fe2O3的富集，其中以MnO的富集较为显著；并且Fe、Mn分布具有较明显的负相关关系；锰结核中K2O含量明显高于CaO、MgO及Na2O，但K和Mn不存在明确的相关关系；结核中次生锰氧化物的主要存在形式为锰钡矿；锰结核的全岩^40K／^40Ar定年结果是一混合年龄，其不具有明确的地质意义；造成这一结果的主要原因在于锰结核是由不同时期、多种矿物构成的复杂集合体。  相似文献   

Possible evidence for enrichment of trace elements in the hydrous manganese oxide phases of suspended matter from an urbanized embayment     

Richard A. Feely  Gary J. Massoth  Anthony J. Paulson  James F. Gendron 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(6):693-708

Total and weak-acid-soluble trace elements in suspended matter from the Duwamish River and Elliott Bay were determined from samples collected in February and September 1980. The results indicate that Mn scavenging in the water column is coincident with enrichments of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb in the suspended matter, suggesting a possible enrichment of these trace elements in a hydrous Mn oxide phase. This process occurs primarily in the sub-surface waters of Elliott Bay. Since mass balance calculations show a net export of Mn out of the bay, this mechanism may be an important means of transporting toxic trace metals from polluted estuaries and embayments to cleaner coastal environments.  相似文献   

铁锰结核结壳生长过程的一种理论假设   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

姚德  张丽洁  许东禹  梁宏锋 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1994,(2)

铁锰结核成矿物质的直接来源是大洋底层水和沉积物孔隙水，结壳只有底层水，因此，底层水和孔隙水的物理化学特征就成为理解铁锰结核（壳）成矿作用特征与过程的关键。铁锰结核（壳）内部构造的两个明显特征是：①韵律性的环状纹层构造，和②树枝状构造，这两种构造是典型的远离平衡的非线性地质作用的产物。正常情况下，海底水—沉积物界面系统的底层水、孔隙水中Ｍｎ、Ｆｅ是不饱和的。因此，铁锰结核（壳）不可能在平衡状态下连续生长。本文提出铁锰结核（壳）生长的自反馈“振荡式”模型。  相似文献   

Distribution of Organic Matter, Iron, Mangenese in SurfaceSediments in the Nansha Islands Sea Area, South China Sea     

ZhouWcihua WuYunhua ChenShaoyong YinKedong 《海洋通报(英文版)》2003,5(2):14-21

Concentrations of organic matter, iron and manganese in the deep sea surface sediments in the Nansha Islands sea area, South China Sea are measured, Horizontal and vertical distributions of iron and manganese are discussed. The vertical distribution of iron and manganese in the sediments results from reduction, diffusion, and redeposition of manganese (or iron) oxide and hydroxide in the sediment. There are the maxima of iron and manganese in solid phase in the top of the sediment, which is caused by the penetration of O2 and the upward flux of Mn^2 ( or Fe^2 ). Manganese bacteria play a very important role in the cycle of solid-phase iron and manganese in the ocean environment. Manganese bacteria oxidize Mn^2 ( or Fe^2 ) in dissolved state to Mn^4 ( or Fe^3 ) in oxidized state under the aerobic condition, whereas they reduce iron and manganese in anaerobic conditions.  相似文献   

Photochemical dissolution of radionuclides from marine sediment     

David McCubbin  Kinson S. Leonard 《Marine Chemistry》1996,55(3-4)

Laboratory experiments were carried out to assess the role of photochemical reactions upon the dissolution of ^{239 + 240}pu and ²⁴¹Am from marine sediment in sea water. Supplementary information was obtained by comparing their behaviour with that of ⁵⁴Mn under similar experimental conditions. Irradiation from natural sunlight resulted in more than a ten-fold increase in the extent of ^{239 + 240}Pu desorption relative to that observed in the dark. Remobilisation of ⁵⁴Mn from sediment was also enhanced by natural sunlight, albeit to a lesser extent than ^{239 + 240}Pu, whilst the behaviour of ²⁴¹Am was largely unaffected. Data for concentrations of dissolved ^{239 + 240}Pu(IV) and ^{239 + 240}Pu(V) species showed that only the oxidised form was significantly affected by irradiation, indicating remobilisation occurs as a result of photooxidation reactions. Further experiments were carried out using artificial light sources to establish the influence of wavelength. Data from these investigations indicated ^{239 + 240}Pu photooxidation (hence desorption) was a function of both light intensity and wavelength. Remobilisation decreased concomitant with light intensity but increased as the wavelength decreased. Similar trends were observed for photoreduction of ⁵⁴Mn, although differences were less pronounced than those observed for ^{239 + 240}Pu.  相似文献   

南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域的锰结核丰度变化及其控制因素(英文)     

林振宏  D.S.Cronan  R.A.Hodkinson 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1989,(1)

太平洋南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域广泛分布锰结核。锰结核丰度变化从0.17公斤/米~2到31.2公斤/米~2,其中大于20公斤/米~2、15—10公斤/米~2和10—5公斤/米~2的站位分别为3.4％、13.8％和24％。锰结核大小从1厘米以下到10厘米,但多数直径在2—6厘米之间。锰结核的丰度变化与中结核(2—6厘米)的含量呈正比。结核分布和水深有关,以5000～5400米深度最为富集。在南纬5～9°的南部区多数丰度超过10公斤/米~2。控制南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域锰结核丰度变化的主要因素是沉积速率、碳酸盐补偿深度和浊流。  相似文献   

The role of sediments in the phosphorus cycle in Lake Lugano. II. Seasonal and spatial variability of microbiological processes at the sediment-water interface   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Maja A. Lazzaretti  Kurt W. Hanselmann  Helmut Brandl  Daniel Span  Reinhard Bachofen 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》1992,54(3-4):285-299

P, Fe, Mn, and S species were analyzed in water samples from the sediment-water interface collected at four seasonally different times during the course of a year at two sampling sites in the southern basin of Lake Lugano (Lago di Lugano). The results reveal the strong influence of the biogeochemical processes in the sediment on the chemical composition of the lake water above. Consumption of oxygen and nitrate under oxic to microoxic conditions in the water column as well as sequential release of reduced manganese and iron under anoxic conditions was observed as a direct or indirect consequence of microbially mediated degradation of organic matter. The seasonal pattern observed for the release and the retainment of dissolved reduced iron and manganese correlates well with the one for dissolved phosphate. Iron, manganese and phosphorus cycling are coupled tightly in these sediments. Both sediment types act as sinks for hydrogen sulfide and sulfate. An inner-sedimentary sulfur cycle is proposed to couple iron, manganese and phosphorus cycling with the degradation of organic matter. Nutrient cycling at the sediment-water interface might thus be driven by a microbially regulated electron pumping mechanism. The results contribute to a better understanding of the role of sediment processes in the lake's internal phosphorus cycle and its seasonal dynamics.  相似文献