Laboratory experiments on along-slope flows in homogeneous and stratified rotating fluids     

D.L. Boyer  D. Sous  J. Sommeria 《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2009,46(1-4):19-35

Laboratory experiments have been carried out for the flow along isobaths of simulated shelf-continental slope geometry. Cases of both homogeneous and linearly stratified fluids are considered and the background flows are sufficiently strong to have the flow near the bottom boundary range from transitional to fully turbulent. The background motions are impulsively started and flows with a coast on the right (spin-down) and on the left (spin-up) are considered. The homogeneous spin-down and spin-up processes are smooth in the sense that no vortical structures were found to be of the order of the slope width or larger. Flows reach equilibrium more quickly for spin-down cases, and this is attributed to secondary flows forced by the basin geometry. All of the stratified experiments exhibited large-scale instabilities as evidenced by the generation of slope and basin scale eddy structures and a much slower decay than their homogeneous counterparts.  相似文献   

The Impact of Mid- and High-Latitude Rossby Wave Activities on the Medium-Range Evolution of the EAP Pattern During the Pre-Rainy Period of South China          下载免费PDF全文

SHI Ning  BUEH Cholaw  JI Liren  WANG Panxing 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2009,23(3):300-314

Based on the NCEP DOE AMIP II daily reanalysis data (1979{2005), the evolution of the East Asia/Pacific(EAP) teleconnection pattern during the pre-rainy period of South China is studied on the medium-range time scale. It is found that positive and negative EAP patterns share a similar generation process. In the middle and upper troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanating from the northeast Atlantic or Europe propagate toward East Asia along the Eurasian continent waveguide and finally give rise to the three anomaly centers of the EAP pattern over East Asia. Among the three anomaly centers, the western Pacific subtropical center appears the latest. Rossby wave packets propagate from the high latitude anomaly center toward the mid-latitude and the subtropical ones. The enhancement and maintenance of the subtropical anomaly center is closely associated with the subtropical jet waveguide and the incoming Rossby wave packets from the upstream. In the lower troposphere, Rossby wave packets emanate from the subtropical Asia toward East Asia. Positive and negative EAP patterns could not be regarded as "mirrors" to each other with simply re- versed phase. For the positive pattern, the positive height anomaly center around the Scandinavia Peninsula keeps its strength and position during the mature period, and the Rossby wave packets thus propagate persistently toward East Asia, facilitating a longer mature time of the positive pattern. As for the formation of the negative EAP pattern, however, the incoming Rossby wave energy from the upstream contributes to both the enhancement and southeastward movement of the negative anomaly belt from the Yenisei River to the Bering Strait and the positive anomaly center around Mongolia. At the peak time, the two anomlous circulations are evolved into the Northeast Asia and the mid-latitude anomaly centers of the negative pattern, respectively. The energy dispersion of Rossby wave packets is relatively fast due to the predominant zonal circulation in the extratropics, causing a shorter mature period of the negative pattern. During the pre-rainy period of South China, the prevalence of the EAP pattern signiˉcantly affects the rainfall over the region south of the Yangtze River. The positive (negative) EAP pattern tends to causepositive (negative) precipitation anomalies in that region. This is di?erent from the earlier research findingsbased on monthly mean data.  相似文献   

Effects of the low-frequency zonal wind variation on the high frequency atmospheric variability over the tropics     

K. P. Sooraj  Daehyun Kim  Jong-Seong Kug  Sang-Wook Yeh  Fei-Fei Jin  In-Sik Kang 《Climate Dynamics》2009,33(4):495-507

Recently, there is increasing evidence on the interaction of atmospheric high-frequency (HF) variability with climatic low-frequency (LF) variability. In this study, we examine this relationship of HF variability with large scale circulation using idealized experiments with an aqua-planet Atmospheric GCM (with zonally uniform SST), run in different zonal momentum forcing scenarios. The effect of large scale circulation changes to the HF variability is demonstrated here. The HF atmospheric variability is enhanced over the westerly forced region, through easterly vertical shear. Our study also manifests that apart from the vertical wind shear, strong low-level convergence and horizontal zonal wind shear are also important for enhancing the HF variance. This is clearly seen in the eastern part of the forcing, where the HF activity shows relatively maximum increase, in spite of similar vertical shear over the forced regions. The possible implications for multi-scale interaction (e.g. MJO–ENSO interaction) are also discussed.  相似文献   

CINRAD/SA雷达频综故障检修方法   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

周红根  高玉春  胡帆  周良  蔡勤  吴田  兰杰 《气象》2009,35(10):113-118

频综是多普勒全相参天气雷达的核心部件,其组件工艺水平高且价格昂贵,它提供了整个雷达工作所需的基准信号,共有5路输出,它们分别是9.6MHz主时钟信号、COHO信号、RF DRIVE信号、STALO信号、RF TEST SIGNAL信号.由于不同地区雷达发射机工作频率不同,因此频综不能通用,在台站,备份频综组件不太现实.由于厂家没有提供频综图纸,使得故障判别难度加大.因此通过剖析频综内部结构,给出频综的内部原理简图.针对十多个CINRAD/SA雷达频综出现的故障,划分出三种故障类型,并提出具体维修方法,在此基础上,归纳出该型号雷达在使用过程中频综出现故障时,雷达操作、维护人员应掌握的故障排查方法及技巧,以提高台站的保障能力.  相似文献   

CINRAD/SA雷达开关组件故障分析处理   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

吴少峰  胡东明  黎德波  郭泽勇  杨朝辉 《气象科技》2009,37(3):353-355

根据广州CINRAD／SA雷达发射机开关组件的一起故障现象,结合信号流程、电路原理图,深入元件一级,对故障的定位、检测及排除过程作了详细介绍,并对故障的成因作了推断分析,最后就雷达维护方面总结了一些经验,旨在对雷达技术保障人员提供参考和借鉴。  相似文献   

清洁发展机制（CDM）造林再造林项目碳汇成本研究——以CDM广西珠江流域治理再造林项目为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

张治军  张小全  朱建华  罗云建  侯振宏  褚金翔 《气候变化研究进展》2009,5(6):348-356

以清洁发展机制（CDM）广西珠江流域治理再造林项目为例,对项目及其5种造林模式临时核证减排量（temporary certified emission reduction,缩写为tCER）和长期核证减排量（long-term certified emission reduction,缩写为lCER）成本的动态变化进行了初步研究。结果表明：从项目期初到期末,整个项目及5种造林模式人工林的tCER成本均逐渐降低,其中项目成本由第一承诺期末的40.33 ￥/t CO₂降至最后承诺期末的13.34 ￥/t CO₂;lCER成本先降低后升高,在第一承诺期末均降至最小值,项目成本由第一承诺期末的40.33 ￥/t CO₂增加至最后承诺期末的105.27 ￥/t CO₂;各造林模式tCER和lCER成本均以枫香+杉木、枫香+马尾松较高,马尾松+荷木、马尾松+栎类较低,桉树最低;贴现率对项目tCER和lCER、桉树tCER、枫香+杉木lCER成本影响均较大,而对马尾松+栎类tCER和lCER成本影响均较小;对桉树一个轮伐期内的tCER成本进行了敏感性分析,单位面积碳贮量的变化对其影响较大;考虑木材收益时,项目期末tCER净现值为13.11 ￥/t CO₂,从中反映了该CDM项目实施是可行的。  相似文献   

2008年1月一次强雨雪过程的诊断分析     

朱坤  刘华强  刘宇丹  蒋坡   《气象与环境科学》2009,32(3):15-21

采用NCEP1°×1°客观再分析资料和常规观测资料,对2008年1月25—29日发生在长江中下游地区的强雨雪过程进行诊断分析,结果表明,低空急流与强雨雪有着密切关系,强雨雪的发生需具备一定的温度条件以及水汽场与动力场的耦合机制。对强雨雪过程的湿Q矢量诊断分析表明,700hPa湿Q矢量辐合区以及850hPa锋生函数正值区与强雨雪区对应较好,对雨雪天气的发生有着很好的指示意义。湿位涡特征分析表明,此次强雨雪过程发生在层结稳定的大气中且垂直涡度发展较强。  相似文献   

Impacts of global environmental change and aquaculture expansion on marine ecosystems     

Gorka Merino  Manuel Barange  Christian Mullon  Lynda Rodwell 《Global Environmental Change》2010,20(4):586-596

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基于Landsat/TM资料研究广州城市热岛现象   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

邓玉娇  匡耀求  黄锋 《气象》2010,36(1):26-30

利用Landsat/TM卫星资料及气象观测资料,基于覃志豪单窗算法对地表温度进行反演,根据热岛强度定义进行热岛强度、热岛范围的定量计算。研究结果表明,在考虑初始地温、总辐射量、植被状况等因素的影响之后,2000年至2005年间,广州市热岛现象呈现明显增强趋势,2000年11月1日、2002年11月7日、2005年11月23日热岛强度指数分别为1.15、1.20、2.89,热岛面积分别为235.44 km~2、261.09 km~2、381.42 km~2。人口增长刺激城市化加剧、温室效应增强使得地表蓄积热量增加是导致广州城市热岛效应增强的主要原因。  相似文献   

新一代天气雷达超级单体风暴中气旋特征分析   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

冯晋勤  汤达章  王新强  马钏 《南京气象学院学报》2010,33(6):738-744

超级单体风暴常伴随着冰雹、雷雨大风等强对流天气,最本质的特征是有一持久深厚的几千米尺度的涡旋——中气旋。利用2003--2009年福建龙岩新一代天气雷达观测到的32次超级单体风暴,分析了超级单体风暴中气旋的时空分布、结构特征以及旋转速度大小、中气旋顶和底的高度、伸长厚度以及切变值等特征量。结果表明：90％以上的超级单体中尺度气旋是与冰雹、雷雨大风、短时强降水等强对流天气相联系的。统计8次有详细灾情的雷雨大风或冰雹天气过程发现,中气旋强度不断加强,中气旋厚度加大,最强切变中心突降时将产生大风或冰雹等强对流天气。  相似文献