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121.
生态经济战略是江西21世纪发展的必然抉择 总被引:1,自引:8,他引:1
根据生态经济战略的核心问题和江西省的实际情况,分析了江西实施生态经济战略的必要性与可行性,指出了江西开展生态经济建设的几个切入点。 相似文献
122.
景观生态学在城市规划和管理中的应用 总被引:53,自引:2,他引:53
城市是典型的人工景观,空间结构上属于紧密汇聚型,功能上表现为高能流、高容量和文化上的多样性。城市景观生态研究包括城市空间结构与生态过程,城市景观风貌与城市生态建设,城市景观规划是其最直接的应用。首先论述了城市景观质量与价值评价,包括景观美学评价与景观视觉容量。城市空间结构和景观规划原则是该文论述的主题,包括城市空间布局、城市空间扩展的廊道效应以及城市绿地系统的空间结构分析;以上海和广州市的绿地系统为例进行了重点介绍,最后对于城乡交错带的景观变化进行分析,用景观格局及其动态来描述城乡交错带的城市化过程特点,介绍了上海和沈阳的典型研究。 相似文献
123.
Acacia nilotica is a tree of international significance both as a beneficial plant and as a species prone to thicket formation and negative impacts on savannas throughout much of its range. While fire has been identified as a useful tool for controlling negative impacts of some Acacia species in Africa, A. nilotica adult trees are apparently fire tolerant. The effects of fire on seed bank mortality, viability and germination, and on juvenile plants of this species are unknown. We undertook a study to investigate the impacts of fire on seeds and first and second year seedlings in Australian Astrebla savannas. The primary objective was to determine the effects of control burns applied during the early stages of invasion and thicket formation. Because of high rates of seedling dessication post fire in 1997, supplementary watering was undertaken until fire mortality could be measured the following year. High seed mortality occurred for seeds located either in cattle dung (100%) or on the soil surface (c. 80%). Germination of those seeds that survived was enhanced following exposure to fire. Very high fire mortality (99%) was observed among first year seedlings and moderate mortality (60%) for second year seedlings even after a low intensity burn. Negative impacts on major pasture species were minimal. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to A. nilotica fire ecology and to the efficacy of fire as a tool for managing this species. 相似文献
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126.
太平洋中部微生物与多金属结核的生成关系 总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13
作者采用洋底水-岩-微生物相互作用系统的观点首次对太平洋中部洋底多金属结核开展了微生物成矿作用的研究。通过洋底各介质中微生物活动与多金属结核生成机制、成矿物质转化的微生物作用及化学作用对比模拟实验研究、观察和测定系统中成矿物质浓度及环境参数的变化,揭示了成矿组分由微生物活动引起的反应速度和演变方向;从微生物地球化学作用的观点,论证了多金属结核微生物成矿机制和成矿模式;提出了多金属结核微生物成矿阶段和成矿理论。 相似文献
127.
本文分析了中国首次南大洋考察 (1 984/1 985 )现场及后续工作资料 ,并与其它纬度有关海区进行了比较。结果表明 ,在研究海湾充氧的底层水及弱氧化性的表层沉积物环境 (锰氧化物为优势氧化剂 )中 ,底栖生物较为丰富 ;而在垂直深度 5 - 1 0 cm以下 ,硫酸盐还原反应遏制了底内多毛类动物等的向下繁衍。测区主要大型底栖动物的分布特点是在特定条件下演化的结果 ,南大洋气候寒冷 ,碳酸盐溶解度较高 ,但其沉积物上覆水和间隙水中钙离子却并不高于其它纬度海区 ,因此钙离子的不足可能限制了需要钙质碳酸盐形成外壳的甲壳类和软体动物的繁衍而造成其在研究区域壳薄且所占比例较少的分布特征。上覆水温与底栖多毛类的生长有一定的关系 ,这可能表明南大洋测区该类生物尚未完全适应极区的寒冷气候。沉积物中微生物的数量主要受活性有机质量的制约。 相似文献
128.
ABSTRACTEnvironmental flow standards are a management tool that can help to protect the ecosystem services sustained by rivers. Although environmental flow requirements can be assessed using a variety of methods, most of these methods require establishing relationships between flow and habitat of species of concern. Here, we conducted a synthesis of past flow–ecology studies in the southeast USA. For each state or interstate river basin, we used the published data to determine the flow metrics that resulted in the greatest changes in ecological metrics, and the ecological metrics that were most sensitive to hydrologic alteration. The flow metrics that were most important in preserving ecological metrics were high-flow duration and frequency, 3-day maximum and minimum, and number of reversals. The ecological metrics most sensitive to hydrologic alteration were mostly related to presence or absence of key indicator species. 相似文献
129.
In an attempt to reduce the threat of global warming, it has been proposed that the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations be reduced by the ocean disposal of CO2 from the flue gases of fossil fuel-fired power plants. The release of large amounts of CO2 into mid or deep ocean waters will result in large plumes of acidified seawater with pH values ranging from 6 to 8. In an effort to determine whether these CO2-induced pH changes have any effect on marine nitrification processes, surficial (euphotic zone) and deep (aphotic zone) seawater samples were sparged with CO2 for varying time durations to achieve a specified pH reduction, and the rate of microbial ammonia oxidation was measured spectrophotometrically as a function of pH using an inhibitor technique. For both seawater samples taken from either the euphotic or aphotic zone, the nitrification rates dropped drastically with decreasing pH. Relative to nitrification rates in the original seawater at pH 8, nitrification rates were reduced by ca. 50% at pH 7 and more than 90% at pH 6.5. Nitrification was essentially completely inhibited at pH 6. These findings suggest that the disposal of CO2 into mid or deep oceans will most likely result in a drastic reduction of ammonia oxidation rates within the pH plume and the concomitant accumulation of ammonia instead of nitrate. It is unlikely that ammonia will reach the high concentration levels at which marine aquatic organisms are known to be negatively affected. However, if the ammonia-rich seawater from inside the pH plume is upwelled into the euphotic zone, it is likely that changes in phytoplankton abundance and community structure will occur. Finally, the large-scale inhibition of nitrification and the subsequent reduction of nitrite and nitrate concentrations could also result in a decrease of denitrification rates which, in turn, could lead to the buildup of nitrogen and unpredictable eutrophication phenomena. Clearly, more research on the environmental effects of ocean disposal of CO2 is needed to determine whether the potential costs related to marine ecosystem disturbance and disruption can be justified in terms of the perceived benefits that may be achieved by temporarily delaying global warming. 相似文献
130.
新疆伊犁盆地511砂岩型铀矿床成矿作用机理研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
为探讨511铀矿床的形成机理,通过野外岩心观察和系统样品采集,结合室内化学分析、扫描电镜、电子探针等方法,详细研究了赋存于Ⅴ旋回砂体的铀矿地质特征,对砂岩铀的成矿作用展开了初步讨论。认为Ⅴ旋回层间氧化带可划分为氧化带、氧化_还原过渡带(包括褪色亚带和铀矿石亚带)和还原带;铀矿赋存在过渡带砂岩中,空间展布严格受层间氧化带控制;铀主要以显微浸染状铀矿物(沥青铀矿 铀石)形式散布于炭屑木质细胞腔内壁和砂岩碎屑颗粒的填隙物中,部分以吸附形式赋存于粘土矿物和炭屑;层间氧化带发育是含氧层间承压水与砂岩之间水岩作用的结果。伴随砂岩中有机质、S2-和Fe2 被氧化,形成的有机酸类、SO2-4和Fe3 等组分部分迁移至过渡带沉淀,也是砂岩中铀元素活化迁移、沉淀富集,再活化、再富集的循环过程;层间氧化带及其砂岩铀成矿作用发生于表生环境,始于喜马拉雅早期(66Ma),具有长期性和滚动式向前发展的特点;铀成矿可能与微生物细菌活动及其还原作用密切相关。 相似文献