基于正则MAP模型的遥感影像亚像元定位     

吴柯  李平湘  张良培  沈焕锋 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2007,32(7):593-596

为了更好地解决亚像元的定位问题，基于超分辨率影像重建的技术，结合亚像元定位理论，提出了一种应用于亚像元定位的正则MAP估计模型，并且通过真实数据进行了检验。实验表明，该模型是一种简单、有效地解决亚像元定位问题的方法。  相似文献   

Explicit solution of a free boundary problem for a nonlinear absorption model of mixed saturated-unsaturated flow     

Adriana C. Briozzo  Domingo A. Tarzia 《Advances in water resources》1998,21(8):1989

In wet soils, zones of saturation naturally develop in the vicinity of impermeable strata, surface ponds and subterranean cavities. Hydrology must be then concerned with transient flow through coexisting unsaturated and saturated zones. The models of advancing saturated zones necessarily involve a nonlinear free boundary problem.A closed-form analytic solution is presented for a nonlinear diffusion model under conditions of ponding at the surface. The soil water diffusivity is restricted to the special functional form D(θ) = a/(b − θ)², where θ is the water content field to be determined and a, b are positive constants. The explicit solution depends on a parameter C (determined by the data of the problem), according to two cases: 1 < C < C₁ or C ≥ C₁, where C₁ is a constant which is obtained as the unique solution of an equation. This result complements the study given in P. Broadbridge, Water Resources Research, 1990, 26, 2435–2443, in order to established when the explicit solution is available. The behavior of the bifurcation parameter C₁ as a function of the driving potential is studied with the corresponding limits for small and large values. Moreover, the sorptivity is proven to be continuously differentiable function of the variable C.  相似文献   

Precipitation water storage capacity in a temperate mixed oak–beech canopy     

Frédéric André  Mathieu Jonard  Quentin Ponette 《水文研究》2008,22(20):4130-4141

The storage capacity of a temperate mixed oak–beech stand was investigated as a function of stand density and species composition. Measurements were performed in selected zones delimited by three neighbouring trees. Three independent approaches were compared: (i) a spraying laboratory experiment to estimate the water storage on foliage before and after dripping; (ii) a mechanistic model describing rainfall partitioning within the forest canopy and providing estimates of foliage storage capacities; and (iii) linear regression analyses to evaluate the canopy (foliage + branches) storage capacity using the relationship between throughfall and rainfall. Good agreement was generally observed between the laboratory experiment and the mechanistic model estimates, while estimations from the regression method tended to exceed those from the other approaches. Storage capacity estimates ranged from 0·22 mm to 0·80 mm for pure oak zones, from 0·24 mm to 1·12 mm for mixed zones and from 0·53 mm to 1·17 mm for pure beech zones. The increase of storage capacity with increasing proportion of beech in the canopy resulted from higher beech LAI compared with oak. Similarly, for mixed and pure beech canopies, storage capacity was higher for high density zones than for low density zones as a result of the increase in LAI with increasing local basal area; in contrast, for pure oak, the storage capacity was not related to basal area because of the lower shade‐tolerance of this species compared with beech. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Wave breaking on turbulent energy budget in the ocean surface mixed layer   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

孙群  管长龙  宋金宝 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(1):9-13

As an important physical process at the air-sea interface, wave movement and breaking have a significant effect on the ocean surface mixed layer （OSML）. When breaking waves occur at the ocean surface, turbulent kinetic energy （TKE） is input downwards, and a sublayer is formed near the surface and turbulence vertical mixing is intensively enhanced. A one-dimensional ocean model including the Mellor-Yamada level 2.5 turbulence closure equations was employed in our research on variations in turbulent energy budget within OSML. The influence of wave breaking could be introduced into the model by modifying an existing surface boundary condition of the TKE equation and specifying its input. The vertical diffusion and dissipation of TKE were effectively enhanced in the sublayer when wave breaking was considered. Turbulent energy dissipated in the sublayer was about 92.0% of the total depth-integrated dissipated TKE, which is twice higher than that of non-wave breaking. The shear production of TKE decreased by 3.5% because the mean flow fields tended to be uniform due to wave-enhanced turbulent mixing. As a result, a new local equilibrium between diffusion and dissipation of TKE was reached in the wave-enhanced layer. Below the sublayer, the local equilibrium between shear production and dissipation of TKE agreed with the conclusion drawn from the classical law-of-the-wall （Craig and Banner, 1994）.  相似文献   

Specifying a joint space- and time-lag using a bivariate Poisson distribution     

Daniel A. Griffith  Jean H. P. Paelinck 《Journal of Geographical Systems》2009,11(1):23-36

Separate space- or time-lags have been considered regularly in data analyses; as space–time models are more recently being studied extensively in data analytic fashion, joint estimation of both lags has to be considered explicitly. This paper addresses this issue, taking into special consideration parametric parsimony together with specification richness; use of the bivariate Poisson frequency distribution is advocated and applied to an empirical case. The relation of this approach to random effects specifications is investigated. Data for Belgian regional products constitute the empirical case study.

Daniel A. GriffithEmail:

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A new method for the quantification of different redox-species of molybdenum (V and VI) in seawater   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Deli Wang  Robert C. Aller  Sergio A. Saudo-Wilhelmy 《Marine Chemistry》2009,113(3-4):250-256

A new method for the direct determination of reduced and oxidized Mo species (Mo (V) and Mo (VI)) in seawater was developed and used for the first time. The method includes the complexation of Mo (V) with tartrate, solid phase extraction of the Mo (V)–tartrate complex by a XAD 7HP resin, followed by elution with acidic acetone. In this study, the eluted Mo (V) was quantified by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. The detection limit of this protocol was on the order of 0.2 nM. The analytical precision was 10% of ~ 10 nM. This method was successfully applied to the determination of Mo (V) and Mo (VI) in surface and bottom waters at the head of Peconic River Estuary. Total Mo (Mo (V) + Mo (VI)) ranged from 100–120 nM in most bottom saline waters, and 2.5–15 nM for surface fresher waters. Concentrations of Mo (V) in these environments ranged from 0 nM to ~ 15 nM, accounting for 0%–15% of the total dissolved Mo pool. The time series experiments showed that the Mo speciation changed within 1 h after the water collection, and therefore it is strongly suggested that speciation analysis be carried out within the first 15 min. However, since these are the first Mo speciation data in concentration ranges typical of normal marine and coastal waters, additional research may be required to optimize the methodology and further explore Mo cycling mechanisms.  相似文献   

Mixed layer depth climatology of the North Pacific based on Argo observations   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Yuko Ohno  Naoto Iwasaka  Fumiaki Kobashi  Yoshiko Sato 《Journal of Oceanography》2009,65(1):1-16

A monthly mean climatology of the mixed layer depth (MLD) in the North Pacific has been produced by using Argo observations. The optimum method and parameter for evaluating the MLD from the Argo data are statistically determined. The MLD and its properties from each density profile were calculated with the method and parameter. The monthly mean climatology of the MLD is computed on a 2° × 2° grid with more than 30 profiles for each grid. Two bands of deep mixed layer with more than 200 m depth are found to the north and south of the Kuroshio Extension in the winter climatology, which cannot be reproduced in some previous climatologies. Early shoaling of the winter mixed layer between 20–30°N, which has been pointed out by previous studies, is also well recognized. A notable feature suggested by our climatology is that the deepest mixed layer tends to occur about one month before the mixed layer density peaks in the middle latitudes, especially in the western region, while they tend to coincide with each other in higher latitudes.  相似文献   

街头抢劫者前犯罪经历对其后作案地选择的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

龙冬平  柳林  陈建国  肖露子  宋广文  徐冲 《地理科学进展》2020,39(5):815-828

作案地选择是犯罪地理学的研究主题。已有的重复作案地选择的研究表明,犯罪者“前案件”作案地选择对他们“后案件”作案地选择具有影响,但以往研究关注的是先前的犯罪时间和地点对其后续作案地选择的影响,仍未检验犯罪者在“前案件”中犯罪经历的具体作用。因此,论文以中国东南沿海ZG市为例,利用街头抢劫者的抓捕数据和混合Logit模型,聚焦探析街头抢劫者先前的个体犯罪经历对他们随后的作案地选择的影响。研究发现：街头抢劫者在“前案件”中的犯罪间隔、犯罪出行和当场被捕等个体犯罪经历对其“后案件”作案地选择具有强烈的影响,即“前后案件”的犯罪间隔越临近、“前案件”犯罪出行距离越短,以及“前案件”未当场被捕,则大大增加了街头抢劫者返回到先前抢劫区域再次犯罪的可能性。并通过警察访谈和结合理论分析,发现“前案件”未当场被捕是由犯罪者当场被捕的恐惧感、警察特殊的干预方式,以及社会凝聚力和犯罪防控的相互作用而形成。研究结论可为警务部门的“事前防控”与“主动处置”提供一定的参考。  相似文献   

东中国海HYCOM模式垂向坐标对比研究     

陈晓斌  周林  陈璇  郑崇伟  吴炎成 《海洋科学》2015,39(7):60-68

基于挪威南森环境遥感中心改进的NERSC-HYCOM 模式, 利用单向嵌套技术与欧洲中心提供的2008 年ERA-I 高分辨率强迫场针对东中国海及其邻近海区进行了不同垂向坐标配置的四个敏感性试验。通过分析东中国海区域的温度、盐度, 流速的分布和变化, 探讨了HYCOM 模式中不同垂向坐标设置对东中国海近岸区域的影响以及黑潮流速及路径对不同坐标设置的响应, 期望对HYCOM 模式更深入的研究提供参考。结果表明: (1)在东中国海区上层并不适于采用等密度坐标方案, 也就是说应该采用z坐标或σ坐标用以表征此处混合层的季节性变化特征; (2)针对东海大陆架区给出了10 个位置上的模式与浮标观测资料的温、盐平均误差(ME)、均方根差(RMS)及相关系数(R)指标, 发现对于不同区域, 每种试验的适用性都不同; (3)使用高频资料时, 模拟的流速普遍偏高, 东海黑潮冬夏路径的异同指出了σ-z-iso 与z-iso 试验模拟效果较好, 但模拟的日本岛南岸的弯曲流场位置偏南; 而z-only 试验模拟的日本岛以南的黑潮路径是有所改观的, z坐标的分辨率对表层的黑潮路径影响很大; σ-only 试验模拟的整个黑潮路径的效果最差。  相似文献   

北斗混合星座分层约束下的精密定轨方法     

房亚男  朱俊  李杰  王冲  王家松  张少愚 《测绘学报》2021,50(4):466-474

针对北斗导航卫星系统首创的GEO+IGSO+MEO混合星座设计,本文研究了根据不同星座,采取不同约束条件和数据处理策略的北斗卫星精密定轨方法,提出了一种针对北斗系统混合星座的分层约束精密定轨方案。该方案首先将北斗卫星分为非GEO(IGSO/MEO)和GEO两部分进行解算,利用GPS解算的公共参数对北斗IGSO/MEO精密定轨形成有效约束,然后固定GPS和北斗IGSO/MEO解算结果,最后单独对北斗GEO卫星进行强约束下的轨道解算。利用实测数据进行了精密定轨试验,试验结果表明:采用本文提出的方法,北斗GEO卫星和非GEO卫星三维重叠弧段轨道精度分别为0.688 m和0.042 m,比传统方法分别提高了54.2%和72.4%。另外,采用激光测距检核和测站坐标静态精密单点定位的方法对轨道精度进行了验证,激光检核精度提高了44.3%,测站坐标在水平和高程方向上精度分别平均提升了21.5%和20.7%。  相似文献