胶州湾娄山河口海域制碱白泥治理方法初探     

张婧  孙英兰 《海洋湖沼通报》2007,32(3):120-126

文章从如何解决制碱废泥—白泥的治理角度出发,分析了胶州湾娄山河口海域制碱白泥的性状及分布现状,对比国内外制碱企业对于白泥的处置方法,针对淤积多年的白泥浅滩提出三种污染治理方案,并探讨了各种方案的实施对附近海域环境的影响。研究成果可为青岛市污染治理、环境规划与管理、海洋环境保护提供科学依据。  相似文献   

Underwater Explosion Treatment of Marine Soft Foundation   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

Zheng Zhemin  Yang Zhengsheng Jin Liu Professor  Academician of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Director of Mechanics Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing Professor  Mechanics Institute of Chinese Academy of Sciences  Beijing Senior Engineer  Lianyungang Harbor Construction Command Post  Lianyungang  Province of Jiangsu 《中国海洋工程》1991,(2)

The consolidation of soft foundation is a problem that commonly appears in harbor construction engineering on muddy coast. Introduced in this paper is the experimental study on underwater explosion treatment of soft foundation, including the regulations of explosion hollow development and medium movement, the law of similarity of densification and settlement of filled stone mass by shock wave pressure and explosion energy and their construction technologies, etc. A number of projects have been completed by applying this new technique, and the technique itself has been proved practicable.  相似文献   

A Sound Approach to Soft Sediment Resolution     

M. Snoek 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(2-4):275-286

The last few years has seen a surge in research activities directed towards investigating properties and dynamics of young marine, limnic and fluvial sediments. It is by now a well established fact that the sequence of sediments ranging from concentrated benthic suspension over fluid mud to un-consolidated material summarized as liquid sediments (LS), act as carriers for a wide range of pollutants discharged or migrated into waterways. Knowledge of the transport and fate of LS allows determining the transport and fate of adsorbed constituents (e.g., heavy metals, pesticides, PCBs, PAHs). To assess the environmental impact of LS, efforts have to be made to better understand the processes in relation to hydrodynamics and the chemical and physical properties of the layers. Since physical laws limit the resolution and detection power of conventional seismo-acoustic systems in respect of LS, alternative measurement, data analysis and processing approaches have to be found. Adapted acoustic procedures initially developed for shallow water marine environments to extreme shallow water regimes using matched field inversion techniques can reveal geoacoustic parameters including density, compressional wave speed and attenuation as a function of depth and time. The paper outlines the effects of sediment mobility upon the environment followed by a short overview of techniques commonly used to investigate sediments and other freshwater/marine events. The problems faced and limitations of existing systems are briefly outlined. Results obtained with recently developed and refined geoacoustic inversion methods are presented highlighting their potential for long-term study of physical properties and dynamics of LS.  相似文献   

中国和越南青蟹线粒体16S rRNA基因序列分析   总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13  

王玉江  高天翔  韩志强  刘进贤  于常红 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,35(4):554-558

为确定我国青蟹的分类地位及其资源的合理利用与保护提供理论依据，对中国和越南青蟹的线粒体16S rRNA基因片段序列进行了测定，并同Genbank中其他青蟹的序列进行了比较，分析研究了青蟹种内和种间的遗传差异及其分类地位。结果显示：中、越青蟹个体间序列差异极小，与Genbank中Scylla paramamosain同源片段序列的相似性达到99％以上．而与其他3种青蟹的差异达3．91％～8．41％。所得序列与S．paramamosain，S．serrata，S．olivacea及s．tranquebarica的遗传距离分别为0．002，0．075，0．087，0．042，种间遗传距离远大于种内距离。序列特征、遗传距离和系统进化分析结果都表明本文研究的中国和越南青蟹均为S．paramamosain。  相似文献   

A 2D Mathematical Model for Sediment Transport by Waves and Tidal Currents   总被引：12，自引：5，他引：12  

陆永军左利钦  邵学军王红川 李浩麟 《中国海洋工程》2005,19(4):571-586

In this study, the combined actions of waves and tidal currents in estuarine and coastal areas are considered and a 2D mathematical model for sediment transport by waves and tidal currents has been established in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Non-equilibrium transport equations of suspended load and bed load are used in the model. The concept of background concentration is introduced, and the formula of sediment transport capacity of tidal currents for the Oujiang River estuary is obtained. The Dou Guoren formula is employed for the sediment transport capacity of waves. Sediment transport capacity in the form of mud and the intensity of back silting are calculated by use of Luo Zaosen＇ s formula. The calculated tidal stages are in good agreement with the field data, and the calculated velocities and flow directions of 46 vertical lines for 8 cross sections are also in good agreement with the measured data. On such a basis, simulations of back silting after excavation of the waterway with a sand bar under complicated boundary conditions in the navigation channel induced by suspended load, bed load and mud by waves and tidal currents are discussed.  相似文献   

长江口外近海表层沉积物粒度的级配特性及其意义   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

张晓东  翟世奎  许淑梅 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2007,37(2):328-334

依据采自长江口外近海的22个表层沉积物样品的粒度分析资料,运用多元统计分析以及粒级对比等方法对沉积物的级配特性及意义进行了研究。结果表明研究区沉积物粒度数据中>6Φ,4~6Φ,<4Φ粒级分别具有不同的特征,因子得分区分别对应长江口泥质区、浙闽沿岸泥质区和粉砂-砂质区。从长江口向南至闽浙泥质带,表层沉积物中值粒径从6.9Ф变为7.2Ф,逐渐变细,符合沉积物“机械分异”规律,并呈连续分布,中间并无明显的间断。通过对粒度分布曲线的对比研究认为:>5Φ(<32μm)粒级沉积物主要是现代陆源沉积物,其中>6Φ(<16μm)粒级相对含量与离物源区距离有很好的相关关系,可能是示踪长江入海沉积物的良好粒级区间;<4Φ(>63μm)粒级沉积物在河口区以外的近海主要来源于陆架残留沉积的改造和再搬运。  相似文献   

Biological influences on morphology and bed composition of an intertidal flat   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

A.J. Paarlberg  M.A.F. Knaapen  M.B. de Vries  S.J.M.H. Hulscher  Z.B. Wang   《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,64(4):577-590

Biological activity is known to influence sediment strength at bed–water interfaces. However, its precise effect on geomorphology and on bed composition is not known. This paper proposes a parameterization of sediment destabilizing and stabilizing organisms on three parameters that describe the erosion and mixing processes of the sediment bed, namely the critical bed shear stress, the erosion coefficient and the bioturbation coefficient. This parameterization is included in a 3D sand–mud morphodynamic model to form the sand–mud–bio model. The performance of the sand–mud–bio model is demonstrated by testing it on the Paulinapolder intertidal flat in the Western Scheldt estuary of The Netherlands. Model results show that biological influences on sediment strength result in significant morphological change and bed composition variations. Destabilizing organisms always cause a significant decrease in mud content in the bed and an increase of erosion. On the other hand, stabilizing organisms can, but do not necessarily, cause an increase of mud content and additional sedimentation.  相似文献   

浙江北部沿海婆罗囊螺（Retusa borneensis)生态敏感因子的筛选研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

王志铮  史海东  张义浩  严世强 《海洋与湖沼》2004,35(5):432-437

根据 2 0 0 1年 4月— 2 0 0 2年 9月间对浙江北部沿海婆罗囊螺资源生态调查与实验生态观察、生物学特性研究、敏感药物选择与区域应用实验所获资料 ,以婆罗囊螺繁殖盛期优势群体与同时期滩涂养殖主要经济种类泥螺、彩虹明樱蛤优势群体间生态耐受特性比较为基础 ,通过建立基于利比希最小因子定律和谢尔福德耐受性定律基础之上的婆罗囊螺生态敏感因子确定方法 ,对婆罗囊螺生态敏感因子及其敏感度指数进行定量分析研究。结果表明 ,婆罗囊螺6h内温度、盐度及酸碱度的最大生态幅分别为 0— 40℃、5— 65和 3.92— 9.5 ,最适生态幅分别为温度 1 0— 30℃、盐度 1 7— 35和酸碱度 5 .5— 9.5 ;各实验动物对温度、盐度及酸碱度的生态敏感度指数分别为 :婆罗囊螺呈酸碱度 >温度 >盐度 ,泥螺呈温度 =盐度 >酸碱度 ,彩虹明樱蛤则表现为温度≈酸碱度≈盐度 ;各实验生物间对温度、盐度及酸碱度生态敏感度指数分别表现为 ,温度呈彩虹明樱蛤≈婆罗囊螺 >泥螺 ,盐度呈泥螺 >彩虹明樱蛤≈婆罗囊螺 ,酸碱度呈婆罗囊螺 >泥螺 >彩虹明樱蛤。在讨论并设定酸碱度作为婆罗囊螺生态敏感因子的同时 ,为不影响涂泥底质安全 ,保证泥螺和彩虹明樱蛤的正常存活 ,确定酸碱度对婆罗囊螺的有效作用水平为 9.5— 1 0。  相似文献   

A Review of Studies on the Interaction Between Waves and Muddy Bottom     

Zhao Zidan Professor  Doctoral Supervisor  Tianjin University  Tianjin 《中国海洋工程》1992,(2)

This paper presents a brief review of the results on the interaction between waves and muddy bottom obtained during the last decade including the results obtained by the author at the Coastal Engineering Laboratory of Tianjin University.  相似文献   

Multibeam Bathymetry of the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano     

Andreas?BeyerEmail author  Rike?Rathlau  Hans?Werner?Schenke 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2005,26(1):61-75

The Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano is a natural laboratory to study geological, geochemical, and ecological processes related to deep-water mud volcanism. High resolution bathymetry of the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano was recorded during RV Polarstern expedition ARK XIX/3 utilizing the multibeam system Hydrosweep DS-2. Dense spacing of the survey lines and slow ship speed (5 knots) provided necessary point density to generate a regular 10 m grid. Generalization was applied to preserve and represent morphological structures appropriately. Contour lines were derived showing detailed topography at the centre of the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano and generalized contours in the vicinity. We provide a brief introduction to the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano area and describe in detail data recording and processing methods, as well as the morphology of the area. Accuracy assessment was made to evaluate the reliability of a 10 m resolution terrain model. Multibeam sidescan data were recorded along with depth measurements and show reflectivity variations from light grey values at the centre of the Håkon Mosby Mud Volcano to dark grey values (less reflective) at the surrounding moat.  相似文献