Iron isotope fractionation during planetary differentiation   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

Stefan Weyer  Ariel D. Anbar  Carsten Münker  Alan B. Woodland 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2005,240(2):251-264

The Fe isotope composition of samples from the Moon, Mars (SNC meteorites), HED parent body (eucrites), pallasites (metal and silicate) and the Earth's mantle were measured using high mass resolution MC-ICP-MS. These high precision measurements (δ⁵⁶Fe ≈ ± 0.04‰, 2 S.D.) place tight constraints on Fe isotope fractionation during planetary differentiation.Fractionation during planetary core formation is confined to < 0.1‰ for δ⁵⁶Fe by the indistinguishable Fe isotope composition of pallasite bulk metal (including sulfides and phosphides) and olivine separates. However, large isotopic variations (≈ 0.5‰) were observed among pallasite metal separates, varying systematically with the amounts of troilite, schreibersite, kamacite and taenite. Troilite generally has the lightest (δ⁵⁶Fe ≈ − 0.25‰) and schreibersite the heaviest (δ⁵⁶Fe ≈ + 0.2‰) Fe isotope composition. Taenite is heavier then kamacite. Therefore, these variations probably reflect Fe isotope fractionation during the late stage evolution and differentiation of the S- and P-rich metal melts, and during low-temperature kamacite exsolution, rather than fractionation during silicate-metal separation.Differentiation of the silicate portion of planets also seems to fractionate Fe isotopes. Notably, magmatic rocks (partial melts) are systematically isotopically heavier than their mantle protoliths. This is indicated by the mean of 11 terrestrial peridotite samples from different tectonic settings (δ⁵⁶Fe = + 0.015 ± 0.018‰), which is significantly lighter than the mean of terrestrial basalts (δ⁵⁶Fe = + 0.076 ± 0.029‰). We consider the peridotite mean to be the best estimate for the Fe isotope composition of the bulk silicate Earth, and probably also of bulk Earth. The terrestrial basaltic mean is in good agreement with the mean of the lunar samples (δ⁵⁶Fe = + 0.073 ± 0.019‰), excluding the high-Ti basalts. The high-Ti basalts display the heaviest Fe isotope composition of all rocks measured here (δ⁵⁶Fe ≈ + 0.2‰). This is interpreted as a fingerprint of the lunar magma ocean, which produced a very heterogeneous mantle, including the ilmenite-rich source regions of these basalts.Within uncertainties, samples from Mars (SNC meteorites), HED (eucrites) and the pallasites (average olivine + metal) have the same Fe isotope compositions as the Earth's mantle. This indicates that the solar system is very homogeneous in Fe isotopes. Its average δ⁵⁶Fe is very close to that of the IRMM-014 standard.  相似文献   

浅谈运用两种方法检测桩身完整性的必要性     

杨红英 《矿产与地质》2005,19(5):576-578

简要地介绍了采用低应变反射波法检测桩身完整性的主要原理,说明了该方法的局限性,并结合工程实例强调了用两种方法检测桩身完整性的必要性.  相似文献   

土体冻结和冻胀研究的新进展——“国际地层冻结和冻结作用研讨会”论文综述   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐学祖  何平  张健明 《冰川冻土》1997,(3)

１９９７年４月１５～１７日在瑞典吕勒奥工学院召开了“国际地层冻结和冻结作用研讨会”。会议共发表论文８２篇，涉及７个专题：ＩＳＳＭＦＥ工作组报告、正冻正融土岩中的热质迁移、冻结敏感性和冻胀、已冻已融和正融土岩的力学性质、环境土冻结、工程设计和工程实例。文章主要论述土体冻结和冻胀研究的新进展。  相似文献   

冰芯中的不溶微粒及其气候和环境意义   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

谢树成  姚檀栋 《冰川冻土》1997,19(4):373-377

文章对冰芯中不溶微粒的研究回顾和展望，着重讨论了不溶微粒研究在断代，揭示气候环境变化，人类活动和反映大气本底溶胶方面所取得的进展，未来不溶微粒的研究将向中低韧度扩展，并在有机质，宇宙尘，化学成分和矿物成分方面得以加强。  相似文献   

银河旋臂、地核环流与地球大冰期   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

汤懋苍  高晓清  董文杰 《地学前缘》1997,(Z1)

地球在其约４６亿年的生命史中，多次出现大冰期，关于其形成原因是地球科学家研究的热门课题。促使地球系统演化的力源主要来自哪一圈层？气体具有最大的激活能，但大气圈仅占地球总质量的１０－６，它不可能是主要圈层。固态的激活能最低，下地幔和地内核亦不大可能在地球系统演化中扮演主要角色。地球外核是液态，具有较高的激活能，它约占现代地球系统总质量的３０％，故可认为它是地球系统演化的主要活动圈层。作为旋转地球上的流体，外核环流存在着两种极端流型：一是“地转流型”，其速度场是二维场，垂直运动很弱（以下简称为Ｇ型）；二是“强对流型”，当Ｅｌｓｓａｓｅｒ数≥１时，流场的二维几乎完全被Ｌｏｒｅｎｚ力所破坏，对流充满整个地核（以下简称Ｃ型）。文章在事实分析的基础上提出了地球大冰期形成的如下假说：当地球背景磁场与银河旋臂磁场极性符号相同时，外磁场将激发地球外核环流转为Ｃ型，引起地壳和地幔强烈的垂直运动（强造山运动），致使大气热机效率亦大为提高，高纬地区强降温，这是大冰期形成的根本原因。这一假说的逆表述，即当地球背景磁场与银河旋臂磁场极性相反时，地核环流将转向Ｇ型，地壳表面将主要是“夷平作用”，致使大气热机效率亦降低，行星风系减弱，高纬?  相似文献   

变质核杂岩研究的新进展   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

颜丹平 《地质科技情报》1997,16(3):13-19

从三个方面综述了变质核杂岩研究的新进展：（１）通过研究基底滑脱带与兽层脆性断层的产状变化，认为递进变形中基底滑脱带原始产状可能是水平的，而上盘盖层中脆性产状从高角度开始变化；（２）变质核姆岩的形成与热异常和岩浆活动及由此引起的伸展作用具有密切的成因关系；（３）变质核杂岩可以形成于不同的区域构造背景下。  相似文献   

Precession‐induced flows in liquid‐filled containers and in the Earth's core     

M. A. Pais  J. L. Le Mouël 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,144(3):539-554

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Relative wobble of the Earth's inner core derived from polar motion and associated gravity variations     

H. Greiner&#;mai  F. Barthelmes 《Geophysical Journal International》2001,144(1):27-36

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南极冰川学与全球变化研究新进展          下载免费PDF全文

温家洪  康建成  孙波 《极地研究》1997,9(3):72-77

南极冰川学与全球变化是最近举行的“南极与全球变化：相互作用和影响”国际学术研讨会的主题。南极冰盖净物质平衡的观测和估算，冰盖物质平衡与气候变化的预测模型；南极冰雪大气、气候和环境化学；南极深冰芯分析，及其与其它古环境记录的对比研究，是目前南极冰川学研究的几个热点、关键问题。  相似文献   

Structural Analysis of Jianglang Metamorphic Core Complex in Western Margin of yangtze Crston,Sichuan Province     

Song Honglin Fu Zhaoren Yan DanpingDepartment of Geology  Mineral Resources  China University of Geosciences  Beijing 《中国地质大学学报(英文版)》1995,(2)

There is a belt of metamorphic core complexes in the western margin of the Yangtze craton . The geological setting of the belt is similar to that of the Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes . A typical one in this belt is the Jianglang metamorphic core complex , which has a configuration consisting of three layers :a core complex consisting of Mesoproterozoic schist sequence , a ductile middle slab consisting of Paleozoic meta-sedimentary-basalt characterized by the development of "folding layer" and an upper cover consisting of Xikang Group which has suffered both buckling and flattening . A detachment fault developed along the contact boundary between the cover and basement causes the omission of Upper Sinian and Cambrian at the base of cover . A lot of normal ductile shear zones developed in the cover causes the thinning of it . All the features show that the early extension results in the thinning of crust , but the formation of the dome and exposure of basement rocks may be the results of superimp  相似文献