响应面法优化冷熏调理贻贝(Mytilussp.)生产工艺     

李海波  赵长江  袁恒耀  程国芳  段品芹 《海洋与湖沼》2013,44(6):1570-1577

以新鲜贻贝(Mytilussp.)为原料, 在单因素试验基础上, 利用响应面法中的Box-Behnken程序设计, 对影响冷熏调理贻贝生产加工工艺的4个关键参数即盐水浓度、烟熏温度、烟熏时间和成熟时间进行优化, 建立并分析了各因素与贻贝加工成品感官评分关系的数学模型。结果表明: 冷熏调理贻贝的最佳工艺参数为腌制用盐水浓度17.0° Be、烟 熏 温 度25℃、烟熏时间1h、成熟时间2.5h。在此工艺条件下生产的冷熏贻贝肉色泽呈金黄色, 滋味鲜美独特, 并具有贻贝特有的风味。  相似文献   

Organochlorines and dioxin-like compounds in green-lipped mussels Perna viridis from Hong Kong mariculture zones     

M.K. So  X. Zhang  J.P. Giesy  C.N. Fung  H.W. Fong  J. Zheng  M.J. Kramer  H. Yoo  P.K.S. Lam   《Marine pollution bulletin》2005,51(8-12):677

Concentrations of persistent organic pollutants including polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine (OC) pesticides and dioxin-like compounds were measured in green-lipped mussels, Perna viridis, collected from seven mariculture zones in Hong Kong between September and October in 2002 in order to evaluate the status, spatial distribution and potential sources of pollution in these areas. Concentrations ranged from 300 to 4400 ng/g lipid weight for total OCs and 170–1000 ng/g lipid weight for total PCBs (based on 28 congeners). Relatively smaller DDT concentrations in mussels compared with previous studies suggest reduced discharges of DDTs from nearby regions into Hong Kong waters. Detection of a mixture of HCH isomers in the mussels indicated that Hong Kong waters were predominantly contaminated by technical HCHs rather than lindane. Mussel samples from all sampling locations elicited significant dioxin-like activity in the H4IIE-luc bioassay. The greatest magnitude of dioxin-like response (39 pg TEQ/g wet wt.) was detected in mussels from Ma Wan in the western waters of Hong Kong, which is strongly influenced by the Pearl River discharge. Human health risk assessment was undertaken to evaluate potential risks associated with the consumption of the green-lipped mussels. Risk quotient (RQ) for dioxin-like compounds was greater than unity suggesting that adverse health effects may be associated with high mussel consumption.  相似文献   

Dynamics of Submersible Mussel Rafts in Waves and Current     

王欣欣  M. Robinson SWIFT  Tobias DEWHURST  Igor TSUKROV  Barbaros CELIKKOL  Carter NEWELL 《海洋工程》2015,29(3):431-444

To investigate the dynamics of submersible mussel rafts, the finite element program Aqua-FE?, developed by the University of New Hampshire (UNH), was applied to rafts moored at the surface and submerged. The submerged configuration is used to reduce wave forcing and to avoid contact with floating ice during winters in northern waters. Each raft consists of three pontoons connected by a grid framework. Rafts are intended to support densely spaced mussel ropes hung from the framework. When submerged, the pontoons are flooded, and the raft is held vertically by floats attached by lines. The computer models were developed in Aqua-FE? to simulate the effects of waves and current. They were validated by comparison with wave tank results by use of a 1/10 scale raft physical model. Comparisons showed good agreement for the important heave (vertical) and pitch (rotational) motions, though there was a tendency towards conservative results for wave and current drag. Full-scale simulations of surface and submerged single raft and two rafts connected in tandem were performed. Submerged raft wave response was found to be reduced relative to that at the surface for both the single and two-raft configurations. In particular, the vertical motion of mussel rope connection points was significantly reduced by submergence, resulting in reduced potential for mussel drop-off. For example, the maximum vertical velocities of mussel rope attachment points in the submerged two raft case were 7%?20% of the corresponding velocities when at the surface.  相似文献   

贻贝富硒提取物中硒生物活性的初步探讨     

李翊  毛文君  赵林 《海洋科学》1997,21(5):56-58

于１９９５年１１月对贻贝富硒提取物中硒生物活性进行了初步探讨。大鼠按体重随机分为三组，分别饲喂基础饲料、添加亚硒酸钠饲料和贻贝提取物饲料，实验４周后测每组鼠体重并进行代谢实验，收集７２ｈ尿及粪，测定硒含量，实验８周后处死大鼠，分析血及肝中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性硒含量。  相似文献   

Aggregational behavior of the blue mussels Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus: a potential pre‐zygotic reproductive isolation mechanism     

Guangxu Liu  Erin Stapleton  David Innes  Raymond Thompson 《Marine Ecology》2011,32(4):480-487

The blue mussels Mytilus edulis and Mytilus trossulus occur sympatrically and are able to hybridize in populations on the eastern coast of Newfoundland, Canada, presenting an opportunity to study their aggregational behavior. Aggregation behavior may therefore provide insight into post‐settlement interactions and pre‐zygotic reproductive isolation between the species. Three treatments were designed using M. edulis and M. trossulus to investigate their intraspecific and interspecific spatial distribution patterns. With Ripley’s K‐function and Monte Carlo simulation analysis, we found that in the single‐species treatment, M. edulis aggregated significantly but not M. trossulus. Based on results of two‐way ANOVAs, both the number of aggregations and the moving distance were significantly affected by the treatments (single‐species or mixed‐species treatment) and times (24, 48, 72 and 96 h). In further pairwise comparisons using Tukey’s test, M. edulis aggregated differently with or without M. trossulus occupying the same tank, suggesting that the aggregational behavior of M. edulis could be driven by species‐specific chemical cues. The result that M. edulis aggregates intraspecifically may increase the probability of intraspecific fertilization of the spawned gametes and thus function as a pre‐zygotic reproductive isolation mechanism maintaining the blue mussel hybrid zone.  相似文献   

枸杞岛贻贝养殖区大型底栖动物群落结构及与环境因子的关系          下载免费PDF全文

裴文豪  胡成业  张秀梅  刘永钿  陈屹洋 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(2):526-536

大型底栖动物物种组成及其群落结构能间接反映贻贝养殖区底栖生态状况。基于2021年4月和8月枸杞岛贻贝养殖区现场调查数据,开展了大型底栖动物群落结构、季节差异及主要驱动因子的系统解析。调查共鉴定大型底栖动物172种,隶属14纲40目84科,物种季节更替率为83.14%。丰度等级分布(Rank abundance)曲线表明,夏季物种更丰富,但均匀度相对较低。春、夏季大型底栖动物Shannon-Wiener多样性介于1.61～2.95之间,季节间差异显著。Simpson指数与盐度、沉积物中值粒径(D50)存在显著正相关关系;生物量与沉积物中值粒径、总有机碳(TOC)存在显著负相关关系;物种数、Chao1指数、生物量、丰富度均与TOC显著负相关。聚类分析将春季分为四个组别,夏季分为三个组别,NMDS分析表明,春季分组物种分离不显著,夏季分组物种分离显著,相似性分析(ANOSIM)印证了这种差异。应用相似百分比(SIMPER)分析表明,季节平均相异率为87.57%,分歧种为丝异须虫(Heteromastus filiformis)。CCA分析表明,溶解氧、TOC和硝酸盐是驱动贻贝养殖区大型底栖动...  相似文献   

Are all patterns created equal? Cooperation is more likely in spatially simple habitats     

Camilla Bertolini  Kasper Hlebowicz  Flavia Schlichta  Jacob J. Capelle  Johan van de Koppel  Tjeerd.J. Bouma 《Marine Ecology》2019,40(6)

Cooperative behaviours, such as aggregation with neighbouring conspecifics, can enhance resilience in habitats where risks (i.e. predation, physical disturbances) are high, exerting positive feedback loops to maintain a healthy population. At the same time, cooperation behaviours can involve some extra energy expenditures and increasing resource competition. For sessile reefs, like mussels, simulation models predict increased cooperation under increasing levels of environmental stress. Predation risk is viewed as a behaviour‐modifying stressor, but its role on cooperation mechanisms, such as likelihood of reciprocity, has not yet been empirically tested. This study harnesses this framework to understand how cooperation changes under different perceived levels of predation risk, using mussel beds as model of a complex “self‐organised” system. Hence, we assessed the context dependency of cooperation response in different “landscapes of fear,” created by changes in predator cues, substratum availability and body size. Our experiments demonstrated that i) cooperation in a mussel bed system increases when predator cues are present, but that this relationship was found to be both, ii) strongly context‐dependent, particularly upon substratum availability and iii) size‐dependent. That is, while cooperation is in general greater for larger individuals, the response to risk results in greater cooperation when alternative attachment substratum is absent, meaning that simpler landscapes may be perceived as riskier. The context dependency of structural complexity is also an essential finding to consider in a changing world where habitats are losing complexity and cooperative strategies should be maximised.  相似文献   

海浪灾害对贻贝脱落率的影响          下载免费PDF全文

王勤  李尚鲁  卢美  郭敬  丁骏 《海洋学研究》2021,39(1):86-92

海洋灾害造成贝类养殖损失的价值评估是海洋科学与水产科学交叉产生的新科学命题,同时也是渔业经济学与保险价值核算的难题.本文从海浪导致贻贝脱落致灾的角度展开研究,采用第三代海浪模型SWAN,以嵊泗海域作为研究区,通过P-Ⅲ曲线拟合、波高重现期分析,定量研究了台风期间贻贝脱落率与有效波高之间的相关性.研究表明,当有效波高达到...  相似文献   

祖母绿矿床研究现状   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

胡荣荣  张世涛 《化工矿产地质》2006,28(4):234-240

祖母绿矿床多为花岗岩浆期后酸性热液交代基性-超基性岩之产物。祖母绿通常呈不均匀浸染状或斑晶赋存变质片岩或其与酸性岩脉的接触带中,可将其分为热液型、气成-热液型和伟晶岩型几类矿床．包裹体研究对确定祖母绿宝石的成因、成矿地质环境条件、鉴定天然和人工宝石、确定其产地及评定其质量等级有着重要意义．我国对云南麻坡祖母绿矿床已做过较深入的研究,此外,新疆阿尔泰山、天山、甘肃北山、内蒙古中部、湖南幕阜山、四川九龙、平武等亦都有绿柱石类宝石产出．新疆发现一处碳酸岩脉祖母绿矿床,颇具前景。当前我国祖母绿研究中应加强对矿床分类、成矿及生长结晶作用、包裹体的深入研究并对已有线索加大研究及勘查力度．  相似文献   

Habitat and Microhabitat of Mediterranean Clingfishes (Teleostei: Gobiesociformes: Gobiesocidae)   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Robert Hofrichter  & Robert A. Patzner 《Marine Ecology》2000,21(1):41-53

Abstract. This study addresses the habitat and microhabitat of the seven species of gobiesocid fish in the Mediterranean Sea. It is shown that Lepadogaster lepadogaster is closely adapted to large pebbles and boulder fields of rounded stones with a smooth surface. L. candollei is more euryecious and, in addition to inhabiting boulder fields also, occurs close to seagrass meadows, in small cavities and in association with sea urchins. Diplecogaster bimaculata is also euryecious and extends to greater depths. It lives on sand and muddy bottoms as well as on coralline grounds. At some locations this species is found in high abundance during the spawning season under empty bivalve shells or flat stones. Apletodon dentatus is the rarest species of Gobiesocidae in the Mediterranean Sea. It has a close association with seagrass or large brown algae ( Cystoseira ). Juveniles of A. incognitus are either associated with sea urchins or inhabit Posidonia meadows. Adults prefer the vicinity of seagrass meadows under empty bivalve shells and stones overgrown with red algae. Gouania wildenowi is stenoecious and is restricted to the interstices of roundish coarse gravel near the waterline. Opeatogenys gracilis is also stenoecious and lives only on the leaves of Posidonia and Cymodocea seagrass. The colourations of the different species and their variations are described and discussed.  相似文献