地磁感应电流（GIC）的作用与评估   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

马晓冰  Ian J.Ferguson  孔祥儒  Xianghong Wu  闫永利 《地球物理学报》2005,48(6):1282-1287

地磁感应电流（GIC）可能对各种人工长距离导电体造成影响与危害.地磁扰动产生的感应电场的强度与地磁场强度、地下电阻率结构相关，在导电系统内生成的GIC的强度则同时与导电系统的内在结构有关.计算了加拿大Manitoba省三个典型地区在2000年7月15日的一个强烈磁暴期间产生的感应电场.通过对地磁活动性的统计分析，估计加拿大魁北克电网可能经受的最大GIC达每相78A（一年一次）和234A（每十年一次）.  相似文献   

Mesoscale activity in the North Sea as seen in ensemble simulations     

Arne Melsom 《Ocean Dynamics》2005,55(3-4):338-350

A set of two simulation ensembles of the ocean circulation in the North Sea, the Skagerrak and bordering seas has been run for the ten year period that started in January 1992. The ensembles differed only in the horizontal grid resolution. The main purposes of this investigation are (1) to quantify the variability that can be expected in multi-year simulations due to noise-like perturbations in the initial fields, and (2) to examine the robustness of model results for mesoscale features that form on the front between the Norwegian Coastal Current and water masses that are of an Atlantic Ocean origin. It is shown that the model resolution has a substantial impact on the ensemble variability, and that the role of small perturbations become more significant as the grid mesh is refined. Nevertheless, it is demonstrated that in a region to the west of the southern tip of Norway, eddies are occasionally found in the same positions at the same time in the results from all members of the ensembles. This is particularly the case in the aftermath of outbreak events of low salinity water masses from the Skagerrak into the North Sea.  相似文献   

Channel formation by flow stripping: large-scale scour features along the Monterey East Channel and their relation to sediment waves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

ANDREA FILDANI  WILLIAM R. NORMARK†  SVETLANA KOSTIC‡  GARY PARKER‡ 《Sedimentology》2006,53(6):1265-1287

The Monterey East system is formed by large‐scale sediment waves deposited as a result of flows stripped from the deeply incised Monterey fan valley (Monterey Channel) at the apex of the Shepard Meander. The system is dissected by a linear series of steps that take the form of scour‐shaped depressions ranging from 3·5 to 4·5 km in width, 3 to 6 km in length and from 80 to 200 m in depth. These giant scours are aligned downstream from a breech in the levee on the southern side of the Shepard Meander. The floor of the breech is only 150 m above the floor of the Monterey fan valley but more than 100 m below the levee crests resulting in significant flow stripping. Numerical modeling suggests that the steps in the Monterey East system were created by Froude‐supercritical turbidity currents stripped from the main flow in the Monterey channel itself. Froude‐supercritical flow over an erodible bed can be subject to an instability that gives rise to the formation of cyclic steps, i.e. trains of upstream‐migrating steps bounded upstream and downstream by hydraulic jumps in the flow above them. The flow that creates these steps may be net‐erosional or net‐depositional. In the former case it gives rise to trains of scours such as those in the Monterey East system, and in the latter case it gives rise to the familiar trains of upstream‐migrating sediment waves commonly seen on submarine levees. The Monterey East system provides a unique opportunity to introduce the concept of cyclic steps in the submarine environment to study processes that might result in channel initiation on modern submarine fans.  相似文献   

An enhanced depth-averaged tidal model for morphological studies in the presence of rotary currents     

Simon P. Neill  Mohammad R. Hashemi  Alan J. Elliott 《Continental Shelf Research》2007

A simple and efficient method to improve morphological predictions using depth-averaged tidal models is presented. The method includes the contribution of secondary flows in sediment transport using the computed flow field from a depth-averaged model. The method has been validated for a case study using the 3D POLCOMS model and ADCP data. The enhanced depth-averaged tidal model along with the SWAN wave model are applied to morphological prediction around the Lleyn Peninsula and Bardsey Island as a case study in the Irish Sea. Due to the presence of a headland in this area two asymmetrical tidal eddies are developed in which the cyclonic eddy is stronger as a result of Coriolis effects. The results show that the enhanced model can effectively predict formation of sand banks at the centre of cyclonic eddies, while the depth-averaged model, due to its inability to accommodate secondary flow, is inadequate in this respect.  相似文献   

浅谈陆相湖盆深水重力流沉积研究中的几点认识   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨田  操应长  田景春 《沉积学报》2021,39(1):88-111

与海相盆地重力流沉积研究理论的快速发展相比,陆相湖盆重力流沉积的相关认识还存在着一定差距。综合国内、外重力流沉积相关研究成果,总结湖盆重力流沉积的相关认识,以明确湖盆重力流沉积研究中存在的不足。增强不同术语内涵及相互关系的理解、增加不同术语的解释说明,是减少术语混淆的有效途径;流体转化、流态转化和润滑作用是湖盆重力流搬运的主要动力学过程;受阻沉降、湍流抑制和牵引毯作用是湖盆重力流沉积物沉降的重要动力学过程。沉积物再搬运、洪水持续供给、漂浮羽流卸载是陆相湖盆重力流沉积主要的成因机制;重力流沉积相域类型、块状砂岩内部沉积特征和逆正粒序沉积特征精细解析可揭示重力流沉积成因。超临界浊流侵蚀作用形成重力流水道,盆地外部因素主控重力流物质成分和来源,盆地内部因素主控重力流分异效率,其综合表现形式即“源—汇”系统控制下的重力流砂体形成演化过程。洪水持续供给成因重力流沉积模式以重力流水道—堤岸沉积、水道—朵叶转换带和朵叶沉积依次过渡构成其典型沉积构型要素组合;沉积物再搬运成因沉积模式以三角洲前缘垮塌带、混杂沉积和朵叶沉积依次过渡构成其典型沉积构型要素组合。湖盆重力流沉积是非常规油气赋存的重要场所,流体转化成因的细粒沉积具有易于油气生成和富集,且易于压裂的先天优势,可能是页岩油气中的“甜点”区发育的优势沉积岩相组合类型。  相似文献   

Pulse propagation in turbidity currents     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(2):620-637

Submarine turbidity currents are a key mechanism in the transportation of clastic sediments to deep seas. Such currents may initiate with a complex longitudinal flow structure comprising flow pulses (for example, by being sourced from retrogressive sea floor slope failures) or acquire such structure during run‐out (for example, following flow combination downstream of confluences). A key question is how far along channel pathway complex flow structure is preserved within turbidity currents as they run out and thus if flow initiation mechanism and proximity to source may be inferred from the vertical structure of their deposits. To address this question, physical modelling of saline flows has been conducted to investigate the dynamics of single‐pulsed versus multi‐pulsed density driven currents. The data suggest that, under most circumstances, individual pulses within a multi‐pulsed flow must merge. Therefore, initiation signatures will only be preserved in deposits upstream of the merging point and may be distorted approaching it; downstream of the merging point, all initiation signals will be lost. This new understanding of merging phenomenon within multi‐pulsed gravity currents broadens our ability to interpret multi‐pulsed turbidites.  相似文献   

南极乔治王岛与象岛邻近海域表层沉积硅藻组成及分布特征     

吴聪  王金莲  何高文  付少英  王力峰  赖佩欣 《地球学报》2018,39(6):657-665

本文对“第33次南极科考—海洋六号航次”在乔治王岛南侧、象岛西侧海域内通过箱式取样获得的表层沉积物样品进行了硅藻组成和分布特征的研究。主要统计了硅藻丰度、简单分异度、属种组成等, 并结合沉积物粒度数据进行分析, 结果表明乔治王岛南侧站位丰度和分异度高于象岛西侧站位, 最高丰度达到1.96×106壳/g。丰度的差异分布可能主要与洋流有关, 别林斯高晋海表层洋流带入充足营养盐导致乔治王岛南侧站位硅藻繁盛, 而威德尔海涡流底层水影响下的象岛西侧站位则难以沉降保存包括硅藻壳体在内的细小沉积颗粒。各站位硅藻组成的差异主要体现在海冰相关种分布不均和半咸水种类繁盛情况等, 前者可能与漂浮海冰控制的时间长短有关, 而后者与淡水输入等综合环境因素有关。  相似文献   

基于间断有限元方法的三维近岸波生流数值模型建立   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

赵张益  张庆河 《海洋工程》2014,32(1):8-16

在三维水动力模型中引入三维辐射应力,水滚影响以及波浪附加紊动效应,并基于间断有限元方法建立了非结构化网格三维波生流数值模型。采用实验室内斜坡地形条件下正向入射波在破波带附近产生的近底回流和斜向入射波产生的沿岸流对模型进行了验证。结果表明,计算值与实测值吻合程度较好,该模型可以较好地描述三维近岸波生流。  相似文献   

Nearshore sticky waters     

《Ocean Modelling》2014

Wind- and current-driven flotsam, oil spills, pollutants, and nutrients, approaching the nearshore will frequently appear to slow down/park just beyond the break zone, where waves break. Moreover, the portion of these tracers that beach will do so only after a long time. Explaining why these tracers park and at what rate they reach the shore has important implications on a variety of different nearshore environmental issues, including the determination of what subscale processes are essential in computer models for the simulation of pollutant transport in the nearshore. Using a simple model we provide an explanation for the underlying mechanism responsible for the parking of tracers, not subject to inertial effects, the role played by the bottom topography, and the non-uniform dispersion which leads, in some circumstances, to the eventual landing of all or a portion of the tracers. We refer to the parking phenomenon in this environment as nearshore sticky waters.  相似文献   

沙埕港湾口断面潮流及余流特征分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

万凯  鲍献文  姚志刚  万修全  夏颖颖 《海洋与湖沼》2014,45(4):669-675

基于对沙埕港湾口断面的连续走航观测资料,成功构建了沿走航断面的10个站点的连续海流序列,并分析了潮流、余流、潮通量等水文要素。分析结果表明,沙埕港湾口水道潮流类型为正规半日潮流,涨潮最先出现在中下层而落潮最先出现在上层,涨(落)潮转流相差约为30min。水道内潮流为往复流,M2和S2分潮流流速较大,倾角基本沿水道主轴方向。沙埕港湾口断面余流呈2层结构,10m以浅基本为东南向余流流出湾口,核心位于湾口断面南侧。10m以深多为西北向流入湾内,入流核心位于湾口断面中部的底层区域。对潮通量的计算表明,通过湾口进入沙埕港的潮通量约为1.63×108m3。  相似文献