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1.
南海北部神狐水合物赋存区浅表层沉积物自生矿物特征及其成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对南海北部神狐海域Site5B和Site4B站位岩心柱沉积物中自生矿物的类型、形貌特点、丰度和稳定同位素特征的研究,探讨了自生矿物的成因机制。研究表明,沉积物中主要发育黄铁矿和碳酸盐类自生矿物。两个站位中发育的自生矿物的丰度、分布位置、晶体形貌和个体大小等存在明显差异,可能与不同站位中甲烷通量和深部构造有关。自生黄铁矿可能是硫酸盐与甲烷等烃类气体或有机质的厌氧氧化作用的产物,极低负值的硫同位素值可能与硫酸盐还原菌和单质硫歧化菌共同参与有关。自生碳酸盐矿物的成因则相对复杂,其形成过程受多种因素的综合影响。碳同位素值未表现出极低负值,可能是甲烷、有机质和正常海水等碳源混合的结果。 相似文献
2.
白令海表层沉积物中硅质生物的变化及其环境控制因素 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
中国首次北极科学考察在白令海采取了12个表层沉积物样品, 其中对硅质生物和陆源碎屑的详细研究发现, 它们主要由硅藻、放射虫和海绵骨针组成.其中, 硅藻在样品中的丰度均占绝对优势, 高出放射虫和海绵骨针一个数量级.它们与环境控制因素关系的分析表明, 硅藻、放射虫和海绵骨针丰度的高低及其保存程度与深度、温度、盐度和受大规模季节性气候变化控制的表层海水的高营养和高生产力, 以及陆源物质输入的变化密切相关.这一研究结果对白令海第四纪的古气候与古海洋学研究具有十分重要的意义. 相似文献
3.
对呼伦湖29个表层沉积物花粉组合和环境影响因子进行主成分分析(PCA)和冗余分析(RDA),探讨呼伦湖表层沉积物花粉组合的空间分布特征及造成空间分异的现代过程机制.研究结果表明,呼伦湖表层沉积物花粉组合空间分布差异显著,藜科和松属等花粉在湖泊东侧近岸地带百分含量较高,蒿属与桦属花粉在湖泊中部和西部百分含量较高.呼伦湖东岸盐生非地带性植被、主导风向形成的漂流、与水深相关的二次悬移再沉积过程以及河流搬运作用是影响呼伦湖表层沉积物花粉空间分异的主要因素,其中湖泊东岸盐生非地带性植被造成了藜科花粉百分含量在近东岸地带偏高,主导风向形成的由西向东的漂流作用可能导致了松属花粉百分含量在近东岸地带偏高. 相似文献
4.
应用X射线衍射(XRD)对南海北部陆架海域225个站位表层沉积物黏土组分进行分析,结果表明,研究区黏土矿物总体以伊利石和绿泥石为主,高岭石和蒙脱石质量分数少,绿泥石、高岭石与蒙脱石质量分数呈明显的负相关关系。根据南海北部陆架海域表层沉积物中黏土矿物空间分布特征,结合邻近河流的黏土矿物组分以及洋流搬运作用,雷州半岛东部海域伊利石主要来源于广东沿海河流和珠江,绿泥石来自台湾岛,蒙脱石主要由吕宋河流提供,高岭石则由广东沿海河流和海南岛入海河流提供;雷州半岛西部海域伊利石来源于珠江,绿泥石和高岭石由红河提供,蒙脱石可能受广西入海河流携带的沉积物影响。 相似文献
5.
为探究边缘海区域由陆架到深海盆脂类的分布模式及其指示的生物源的空间变化特征,对采集于南海4个不同水深断面的表层沉积物脂肪酸进行了系统研究.从表层沉积物中检出丰富的脂肪酸,包括直链饱和脂肪酸、直链不饱和脂肪酸和支链脂肪酸等.其中,高碳数直链脂肪酸（≥C20）主要来源于陆源高等植物的输入,低碳数直链脂肪酸主要来源于藻类的贡献,低碳数支链（包括异构和反异构）脂肪酸主要来源于细菌贡献.高碳数脂肪酸指示的高等植物输入,在南海沿岸区的高值与河流的输入有关,而在深海盆的高值可能与洋流、风尘输入等有关.低碳数支链脂肪酸指示的细菌分布在南海北部沿岸表现出高值,在深海盆表现出较低的分布模式.低碳数直链脂肪酸表征的浮游植物的贡献在南海北部表现出高值,在深海盆局部区域也表现出高值分布.细菌和浮游植物在南海北部表现出的高值,可能与丰富的营养盐条件有关.而浮游植物在深海盆的分布模式,可能受到洋流以及其他输入的影响. 相似文献
6.
通过对中国第3次和第4次北极考察在白令海和西北冰洋采集的65个表层样沉积物中生物标记物四醚膜类脂物(GDGTs)的研究,发现西北冰洋表层沉积物中类异戊二烯和支链GDGTs的浓度分布大致以楚科奇海和波弗特海的陆坡为界线,呈现南高北低的特征,这一特征主要与水体生产力和陆源有机质的输入量有关.基于GDGTs的陆源输入指数BIT显示,从楚科奇海北部到高纬度区的阿尔法脊,陆源有机质的相对比例明显增加,与有机碳稳定同位素等结果一致,表明BIT可以用来指示北极陆源有机质输入量的变化.应用前人TEXL86-SST方程估算的研究区表面海水温度SST与现代年均SST和夏季平均SST的相关性较差,原因可能与陆源输入的类异戊二烯GDGTs干扰以及低的古菌生产力有关.从季节性海冰覆盖区到永久性海冰覆盖区,基于支链GDGTs的环化指数CBT明显升高,可能反映了CBT对海冰覆盖状况的响应,但其响应机制还不清楚.基于支链GDGTs的环化指数CBT和甲基化指数MBT估算的北极陆地年均大气温度和土壤pH差异较大,可能是由表层沉积物的来源复杂以及混合作用造成的. 相似文献
7.
莱州湾河流表层沉积物中六溴环十二烷的含量水平、分布及组成特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从莱州湾附近河流采集了36个表层沉积物样品,采用高效液相色谱耦合三重四极杆串联质谱的分析方法对沉积物中的六溴环十二烷（HBCDsl3种异构体进行了测定,目的是表征研究区域内HBCDs的污染水平和组成特征,并探讨其分布、来源及影响因素。结果表明,莱州湾河流沉积物中ZHBCDs的含量范围为0．03～20．17ng／gdw（均值是2．14ng／gdw）：较国内外其他河流,该研究区域HBCDs含量水平较低。HBCDs异构体组成各不相同,除1个站位外,其他站位样品中7-HBCD占主导地位（52．3％～97．3％,均值72．4％）,但是在农业区a-HBCD相对丰度较高。对HBCDs的分布特征及来源分析得出,含量较高的站点多集中在工业区,呈现出明显的点源特征：而远离工业区的采样点,HBCDs可能主要来自大气的传输和沉降,且HBCDs的含量与TOC含量呈现出较好的相关性,表明TOC是非工业区分布的一个控制因素。 相似文献
8.
发现渤海湾中北部表层沉积硅藻21属37种,确定了Cyclotella striata/stylorum,Paralia sulcata和Coscinodiscusperforatus等9个优势种的地理分布;进而根据聚类分析,将研究区表层沉积硅藻划分为6个组合区。讨论了控制它们分布的环境因素,发现盐度与深度是重要控制因素,沉积物底质类型亦对硅藻的分布有一定的影响。 相似文献
9.
【意义】海洋表层初级生产力及其生物泵过程是海洋碳循环的关键环节。日本海作为西北太平洋一个主要的边缘海，其晚新生代古生产力演化与区域构造/火山活动、东亚季风/西风、洋流演变、全球气候和海平面变化等密切相关，是探寻地球系统科学的极佳窗口。【进展和结论】得益于一系列国际大洋钻探计划（DSDP 31、ODP 127/128和IODP 346）等航次的相关研究，有关日本海古海洋演化，尤其是古生产力演化重建方面取得了许多重要认识。日本海古生产力的常用代用指标包括沉积物的微量元素组成、生物标志物、生源组分含量及同位素组成、微体古生物化石种属特征等。在地质时间尺度，日本海表层初级生产力主要取决于浮游生物必需的主要营养盐（氮、磷和硅）和微量营养盐（铁、锰、钴、锌、铜等），而日本海的营养盐主要通过风尘输入、火山活动、表层和深层洋流携带过来。在构造时间尺度，日本海古生产力的长期演化及其驱动机制（如风尘、火山铁肥和洋流贡献）尚不清楚，区域构造演化与海道开合、全球气候和海平面变化、火山活动及亚洲风尘输入演化等可能是关键驱动因素。在轨道—千年尺度，日本海沉积了深—浅色的韵律层，表层生产力大体表现出冰期降低而间冰期... 相似文献
10.
墨西哥湾含水合物和油气渗漏区海底表层沉积物中有机质饱和烃组成分布特征研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
报道了采自墨西哥湾富含水合物和油气渗漏区6个海底表层沉积物样品中有机质的丰度、组成和分布特征.研究发现,所分析的6个沉积物样品中有机质的丰度和组成变化很大,其中S-1、S-7和S-9样品中饱和烃的组成分布主要反映了现代海洋沉积有机质及其受细菌微生物改造作用的特征,而S-8、S-10和S-11样品中饱和烃组成以特征的石油污染成因的不可分辨的混合物(UCM)为主,相关甾萜类参数也表明沉积物受到原油渗漏或泄露污染;另一方面,S-8和S-11样品中正构烷烃不同程度的缺失表明有机质遭受了较为强烈的的生物降解作用.仅在S-1沉积物中鉴定出了与甲烷古细菌厌氧氧化有关的特征标志物--2,6,10,15,19-五甲基二十烯烃系列化合物(PMI△)并且具有极负的碳同位素组成,这表明S-1样品所在海底可能有天然气水合物的产出. 相似文献
11.
西南极乔治王岛发育有一套高钾低铝的拉斑玄武岩,夹火山碎屑岩,属于岛弧火山岩系列。该岛还保存了南极最长的冰川沉积记录,是研究南极冰盖演化历史的重要证据。乔治王岛出露的新生代陆相地层中含有丰富的植物叶、孢粉、茎干、无脊椎动物化石及鸟类足印的痕迹化石等,从始新世到早中新世,化石逐渐减少,表明植物多样性呈明显下降趋势,幸存的稀疏植被被严格限制在冰川周缘的苔原物种上。冰海相地层与古生物研究表明,晚渐新世海相地层主要对应高能环境,早中新世海相地层对应低能环境。对乔治王岛新生代古生物特征及古环境的探讨,不仅理解了古生物及多样性的变化趋势,也为重建南极古环境提供证据。 相似文献
12.
本文通过对南海中北部1 266个站位19种硅藻的生物地理分布格局及其对环境因子偏好的研究,查清了南海中北部沉积硅藻高分辨的空间展布特征,并探讨了硅藻分布与海洋环境因子的关系。南海北部陆架和西部陆架表层沉积硅藻以广温的半咸水潮间带种或沿岸种和咸水-半咸水浅海种为主,珠江口以东的粤东北部陆架Paralia sulcata呈集中分布,粤西北部陆架多样性最佳,Cyclotella stylorum相对富集,西部陆架则以Cyclotella striata占显著优势。北部陆坡和西部陆坡以热带浮游远洋种为主,其中Azpeitia nodulifera和Nitzschia marina分别在琼东南陆坡、西部陆坡和东北部陆坡占优势地位,Chaetoceros messanensis、Fragilariopsis doliolus集中分布于北部陆坡。深海盆以热带浮游远洋种为主,A.nodulifera最具优势,其次为N.marina,Thalassionema nitzschioides和Thalassiosira eccentrica在吕宋海峡入口、深海盆东部和东南部礼乐岛坡集中分布。硅藻种和环境因子的Pearson相关性分析和冗余分析表明,热带远洋种与表层海水温度显著正相关,广温广布种与温度和盐度呈一定正相关,多数沿岸种和浅海种与盐度显著负相关。硅藻组合与海洋流系控制下的环境因子关系密切。可分为6个硅藻组合,其中陆架区3个组合主要受到盐度和营养盐(NO3,PO4,SiO4)浓度的影响,陆坡区2个组合主要受表层海水温度、盐度和营养盐(PO4)浓度的影响,而深海盆硅藻组合主要受温度的影响。对比前人研究,本文提高了对南海沉积硅藻空间分布认识的分辨率,充实了研究相对薄弱的西部陆架和深海盆的最新资料,佐证并修正了前人基于少量数据而得出的硅藻组合分区认识,消弭了前人观点的分歧。生物因素和沉积过程会使沉积硅藻对环境因子变化的响应关系更为复杂。 相似文献
13.
南海北部陆坡ODP 1144站位第四纪硅藻及其古环境演变 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
中国南海北部陆坡ODP 1144站位硅藻植物群的研究，建立了西太平洋边缘海一个新的中更新世晚期以来的硅藻生物地层图式，根据硅藻化石中具有指示意义的硅藻种的分布和生态变化（暖水种和冷水种），划分了8个硅藻组合带，其硅藻组合带分别在不同的高低海面环境下形成的，根据ODP1144站位氧同位素（OIS）测定结果，8个硅藻组合带与OIS 1－8期相对应。1、3、5、7硅藻组合带相当于OIS1、3、5、7期，间冰期是以热带和亚热带硅藻占优势，其中冷期出现大量的沿岸硅藻为特征，反映高海平面温暖的气候条件；2、4、6、8硅藻组合带相当于OIS2、4、6、8期，冰期是以亚热带，热带和出现较多冷水硅藻为特征，反映低海平面较冷气候条件，硅藻丰度值的变化与冰期和间冰期有关，可以证实间冰期时期高的海平面和较低的生物生产力以及冰期时低的海平面和高的生物生产力，而生物生产力的变化又与沉积时期沿岸流或上升流的强弱及水团活动有密切关系，进而揭示该区古海洋环境的演化与季风强弱之间的内在关系。 相似文献
14.
Christian Hübscher Mu'ayyad Al Hseinat Matthias Schneider Christian Betzler 《Sedimentology》2019,66(4):1341-1360
Based on integration of seismic reflection and well data analysis this study examines two major contourite systems that developed during the late Cretaceous in the southern Baltic Sea. The evolution of these Chalk Sea contourite systems between the Kattegat and the southern Baltic Sea started when Turonian to Campanian inversion tectonics overprinted the rather flat sea floor of the epeiric Chalk Sea. The Tornquist Zone and adjacent smaller blocks were uplifted and formed elongated obstacles that influenced the bottom currents. As a consequence of the inversion, the sea floor west of the Tornquist Zone tilted towards the north‐east, creating an asymmetrical sub‐basin with a steep marginal slope in the north‐east and a gentle dipping slope in the south‐west. A south‐east directed contour current emerged in the Coniacian or Santonian along the south‐western basin margin, creating contourite channels and drifts. The previously studied contourite system offshore Stevns Klint is part of this system. A second, deeper and north‐west directed counter‐flow emerged along and parallel to the Tornquist Zone in the later Campanian, but was strongest in the Maastrichtian. This bottom current moderated the evolution of a drift‐moat system adjacent to the elevated Tornquist Zone. The near surface Alnarp Valley in Scania represents the Danian palaeo‐moat that linked the Pomeranian Bay with the Kattegat. The previously studied contourite system in the Kattegat represents the north‐western prolongation of this system. This study links previous observations from the Kattegat and offshore Stevns Klint to the here inferred two currents, a more shallow, south‐east directed and a deeper, north‐west directed flow. 相似文献
15.
海南岛中部古生代盆地经历了多阶段、多旋回的演化发展,总体处于一个SN向伸展的区域性构造环境中,地壳由南至北发生裂解,形成了近EW向的早、晚古生代海盆。早古生代海盆自寒武纪地壳的裂解至志留纪的闭合,表现出多阶段或多幕次的早张晚压的环境背景中,地壳以差异升降运动为特点,并最终在志留纪末隆起为陆,缺失上、中泥盆统的沉积。晚古生代盆地具有盆地西浅东深的格局,经历了由西至东的剪刀式消减闭合过程,岩浆作用从西到东呈现出由老至新的演化,并形成了略向南面突出的EW向弧形展布的花岗岩带和构造带。 相似文献
16.
Rahul Mohan Sunil Kumar Shukla Shramik M. Patil Suhas S. Shetye Karima K. Kerkar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2011,78(1):36-44
Diatoms from surface sediment samples collected from Enderby Basin of Indian Sector of Southern Ocean were analyzed to determine
the relative abundance and distribution of seven key indicator diatom species viz. Sea ice related species Fragilariopsis rhombica, F. separanda, F. curta, F. ritscheri, Thalassiosira tumida and Actinocyclus actinochilus and Open Ocean species F. kerguelensis on the basis of modern physico-chemical parameters. The relative abundances of different species observed viz. F. rhombica — 6.25%; F. separanda — 12.5%; F. curta — 10.53–13.33%; F. ritscheri — 4.55–12.5%; F. kerguelensis — 6.25–63.64%; T. tumida — 3.13% and A. actinochilus — 9.38–13.33%. The increasing abundance of F. kerguelensis consecutively suggests the effect of Antarctic bottom water in the study area which is further substantiated by the presence
and increasing abundance of F. ritscheri. The gradual decrease in abundance or absence of sea ice related species from the sampled stations indicates the summer and
winter sea ice extent concentration in the study area. The nutrient concentration correlates with the distribution and abundances
of diatom species. 相似文献
17.
Huayanpeng boulder beach is located at the Cape of Putuo Island, southeast coast of China. From 6000 years ago, sea level
changed little and turned steady, which was prone to forming the boulder beach. Since then, numerous storm surges propagated
from the West Pacific Ocean have imposed on the bedrock of the eastern coast of Putuo Island, resulting in a large amount
of rocks fallen from the hill-slope onto the beach. The similarity of rock lithology between the bedrock and the boulders
of the study area supports the hypothesis of Holocene steady sea-level controls on the formation of the beach. Long-term littoral
currents, including storm weather and normal weather conditions, have greatly sorted the boulder beach vertically and transversely.
From east to west, the beach turns wider and gradient becomes gentler, and the boulders reduce its size, from, on average,
1.0 m to 0.5 m, with a decrease in flattening and an increase in sphericity and psephicity. The sizes of the boulders and
flattening turn bigger from supra-littoral to inter-littoral zone, while sphericity and psephicity turn smaller and lower.
These basal characteristics of boulders highlight the linkage of beach formation to the high-storm energy propagated from
the open seas during the typhoon season. 相似文献
18.
Grant M Young 《Precambrian Research》1974,1(1):13-41
The Hadrynian (Upper Precambrian) rocks of Victoria Island in the western part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago comprise a sedimentary sequence some 12,000 ft. (4,000 m) thick, capped by a 1,000 ft. (330 m)-thick basic volcanic and pyroclastic unit. These rocks outcrop in an elongate, topographic high called the Minto Arch, and in smaller inliers in Lower Paleozoic rocks in the south part of the island (Duke of York and Wellington highs).Stratigraphic and sedimentological investigation of these rocks in the southern part of the Wellington high near Cambridge Bay suggest that they were deposited by rivers flowing from a land mass that lay to the east. Clasts in the Hadrynian sedimentary rocks attest to the existence of at least two earlier periods of sedimentation and one phase of tectonic compression in the basement rocks.Study of the lower part of the Hadrynian succession (Glenelg and Reynolds Point Formations) in the northeastern part of the Minto Arch reveals a general thickening to the west. Rock types present include dolomite, limestone, siltstone, sandstone and shale deposited in a dominantly shallow marine environment together with some marine deltaic units and possibly distal fluvial deposits. Cross bedding and ripple-mark orientations suggest a paleoslope to the northwest. However, the pattern of cross-bedding distribution is complex with modes not only in the northwest quadrant, but also in the northeast and southwest quadrants, the latter possibly reflecting longshore currents in a generally shallow marine environment.Stromatolites are abundant in both formations studied. They are almost exclusively laterally linked shallow-dipping domes in the cherty dolomites of the Glenelg Formation. However the capping stromatolitic dolomite of this formation is composed of columnar stromatolites, as also are the abundant stromatolitic banks and reefs of the overlying Reynolds Point Formation. Elongate domes in the lower part of the Glenelg Formation have a preferred orientation in a northwest-southeast direction, perhaps reflecting tidal currents. The topmost stromatolitic unit of the Glenelg Formation in more easterly areas has large elongate mounds on its upper surface. Elongation of these mounds has a preferred orientation in a northeast-southwest direction. Possibly this orientation is related to longshore currents flowing along the depositional strike.The Hadrynian sediments of Victoria Island and areas to the south and west may have been deposited in a shallow embayment of the Upper Precambrian Sea, open to the northwest and in continuity with a wedge of sediment that thickened westward and extended along the length of the North American continent. There is some evidence to support the existence of three such embayments in the southern part of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, separated and defined by northerly salients of older rocks of the Canadian Shield. These salients reflect an east-west tectonic stress on a very large scale. 相似文献
19.
海南岛海砂资源丰富,质量较好,储量位居全国前列,其中钛铁矿、锆英石和独居石是海南岛的优势滨海砂矿资源。根据其用途主要分为3类: 锆钛砂矿、石英砂矿和建筑用砂矿。通过资料收集和整理,分别研究了海南岛不同类型海砂资源的分布范围、勘查程度、资源储量、形成环境和资源潜力等。研究结果表明: 锆钛砂矿开发程度最高,主要分布于琼东沿海及水下阶地一带的全新统,规模较大,品位较高,开发条件较好; 琼西则以建筑用砂矿和石英砂矿为主,海砂质量好,杂质含量较低; 位于浅海区的潮流沙脊和河口三角洲,工作程度不高,但其海砂分布广、厚度大、砂质好,是今后海砂勘查的重点区域,具有良好的资源开发前景。总结海南岛海砂资源的主要成矿特点为: ①分布广泛,规模巨大,开发条件好; ②主要产于全新世地层; ③沉积厚度较大,纵向连续性好; ④海砂质量较好,并富含重矿物。 相似文献
20.
The Cape Lamb Member of the Snow Hill Island Formation at The Naze on the northern margin of James Ross Island, east of the Antarctic Peninsula, yielded a theropod dinosaur recovered near the middle of a 90 m thick section that begins at sea level, ends below a basalt sill, and is composed of interbedded green–gray massive and laminated fine-grained sandstones and mudstones. Sixteen palynoassemblages were recovered from this section, which yielded moderately diverse assemblages with a total of 100 relatively well-preserved species. The principal terrestrial groups (32%) are represented by lycophytes (8 species), pteridophytes (15 species), gymnosperms (13 species), angiosperms (21 species) and freshwater chlorococcaleans (3 species). Marine palynomorphs (68%) belong to dinoflagellates (61 species), chlorococcaleans (6 species), and one acritarch. The vertical distribution of selected species allows the distinction of two informal assemblages, the lower Odontochitina porifera assemblage from the base to its disappearance in the lower part of the section, and the remaining section characterized by the Batiacasphaera grandis assemblage. The global stratigraphic ranges of selected palynomorphs suggest an early Maastrichtian age for this section and the entombed dinosaur that is also supported by the presence of the ammonoid Kitchinites darwinii. These assemblages share many species with latest Campanian–early Maastrichtian palynofloras from Vega and Humps Islands, New Zealand, and elsewhere in the Southern Ocean, establishing a good correlation among them. The dominance or frequent presence of dinoflagellates throughout the section supports the general interpretation of a shelf marine depocenter. The consistent presence of terrestrial palynomorphs suggests contributions from littoral/inland environments. 相似文献