中国短毛藻属Elachista(褐藻门)的分类学研究I.两个新种     

黄冰心  姜晶晶  刘金梅  栾日孝  丁兰平 《海洋科学》2018,42(9):107-111

本文对我国沿海岸采集的褐藻门（Phaeopyta）短毛藻科（Elachistaceae）短毛藻属（Elachista Duby）海藻进行了分类学研究。发现2个新种，即长海短毛藻E.changhaiensis Luan et Ding sp.nov.和暗色短毛藻E.fusca Luan et Ding sp.nov.。文中对此2个种的形态特征进行了较详细的特征描述，并对新种提供了相应的英语特征描述，以及较完整的其他分类学信息，与相似种进行了比较。长海短毛藻藻体黄褐色，长同化丝直径7~22 μm，多室囊长95~150 μm，由23~38个小室组成；短同化丝长200~350 μm，由11~24个细胞组成。暗色短毛藻藻体暗褐色，长同化丝直径8~14 μm，多室囊分枝，长75~150 μm，由27~39个小室组成；短同化丝着生于长同化丝的基部，长0.13~0.33 mm，由5~13个细胞组成。模式标本保存在中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生物标本馆（AST）。  相似文献   

Overview and status of estuarine microphytobenthos ecological research in South Africa     

T Dalu  JB Adams  JC Taylor  GC Bate  M Nunes  PW Froneman 《African Journal of Marine Science》2018,40(1):1-12

This article presents a historical overview of estuarine microphytobenthos (MPB) research in South Africa published over the period 1950 to the present, highlighting major milestones, challenges and estuarine management problems, as well as future research needs within the South African context. The studies that were covered comprise peer-reviewed books and journal articles on relevant research conducted in any estuarine environment during the period reviewed. There was a general increase in MPB research outputs over the decades, from only two publications in the 1950s, to over 20 outputs between 2010 and the present. Whereas the MPB studies in South Africa cover a broad spectrum of themes, the research priorities in these works have changed from taxonomically biased studies to those of ecologically based research. Research in the 1950s and 1960s was exclusively taxonomic in nature, with the first ecological investigation incorporating MPB being produced in the 1970s. By the 1980s, ecological studies dominated the research outputs and this trend has persisted to the present. The 1990s and 2000s saw the rise of research into the role of fresh water as a driver of MPB dynamics, whereas the period 2010 to the present saw an increase in more diverse ecological themes, ranging from an autecological investigation to food-web studies and the assessment of multiple drivers of MPB dynamics. However, the majority of studies have focused on either diatoms or estimates of overall MPB biomass. Moreover, there is a regional underrepresentation that runs broadly along biogeographic lines, with the bulk of the work having been conducted in the warm-temperate and subtropical zones of South Africa. Challenges and future research needs for the region are outlined, as is the need to expand MPB research to include other aspects of the biology and ecology of this flora.  相似文献   

中国福建省红树林湿地中自由生活海洋线虫(联体线虫科)的2个新种   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郭玉清  常瑜  杨培培 《海洋学报(英文版)》2018,37(10):161-167

本文描述了中国福建省红树林湿地中自由生活海洋线虫的2个新种。Sabatieria conicoseta sp.nov.的主要特征是：具有短的锥形体刚毛、12-15个管状的肛前附器以及长度为12-15 μm的直的引带突起。Dorylaimopsis papilla sp.nov.的主要特征是：交接器中部具有角质化带状隔膜，近端头状具一小钩，其长度为肛门所在位置体直径的1.5–1.8倍，具有长度为37-40μm的背尾指向的引带突起。泄殖孔前具16-18个微型乳突状的肛前附器。  相似文献   

蜑螺属Nerita几个混淆种的比较研究(腹足纲, 珍珠蜑螺目, 蜑螺科)*     

陈志云  连喜平  谭烨辉 《热带海洋学报》2018,37(3):73-79

蜑螺科 Neritidae 蜑螺属 Nerita 的一些种类形态近似, 形态鉴定上存在种类混淆、同物异名或错误鉴定等现象。作者在整理中国科学院南海海洋生物标本馆和中国科学院海洋生物标本馆历年来采集的蜑螺科标本时, 对4种隶属于蜑螺属的易混淆种进行了比较研究。通过对标本的反复对比, 分别找出了它们之间外部形态、地理分布以及生活习性方面的差异, 澄清了混淆, 确立了其分类地位: 1) 矮狮蜑螺Nerita chamaeleon Linnaeus, 1758和圆蜑螺Nerita histrio Linnaeus, 1758两者贝壳形态相近, 在我国海区分布重叠, 存在混淆以及错误鉴定的现象, 根据螺旋部以及壳面雕刻可将它们区分开, 即前者壳面螺肋光滑, 后者螺肋粗糙, 而前者螺旋部较后者高; 2) 锦蜑螺 Nerita polita Linnaeus, 1758和杂色蜑螺 Nerita litterata Gmelin, 1791两个种常被混淆在一起, 都鉴定为锦蜑螺, 前者在我国见于台湾、海南岛和西沙群岛, 后者在我国见于台湾、福建、广东、广西和西沙群岛, 其中杂色蜑螺此前在我国仅见于台湾, 本文的报道进一步完善了该种的地理分布信息。  相似文献   

中国近海大型底栖动物DNA条形码的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

杨梅  寇琦  李新正 《海洋科学》2018,42(10):163-173

DNA条形码是利用标准的、变异率适度、易于扩增且相对较短的DNA片段对物种进行快速准确鉴定的技术。海洋大型底栖动物分布广泛,具有多样性、复杂性和趋同性等特点,DNA条形码技术能够在传统分类学基础上对物种进行快速、准确地鉴定。本文概述了DNA条形码技术在中国近海大型底栖动物研究中的发展现状,如多孔动物(Porifera)、刺胞动物(Coelenterata)、多毛动物(Polychaeta)、软体动物(Mollusca)、甲壳动物(Crustacea)、棘皮动物(Echinodermata)等,介绍了该技术在物种鉴定、隐存种发现、生物多样性评估等领域的研究进展,指出了目前条形码技术在应用中的局限性,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望。  相似文献   

中国近海裸甲藻类分类研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘玉龙  李瑞香  李艳  孙萍 《海洋科学进展》2012,30(3):390-401

裸甲藻的分类鉴定工作是其生理生态学研究和赤潮研究的基础,为进一步完善我国裸甲藻分类体系,并为裸甲藻鉴定提供参考依据,收集了国家海洋局第一海洋研究所近年来在中国近海海域进行浮游植物调查所采集的水样与网样标本,针对裸甲藻目进行鉴定,初步鉴定出裸甲藻25种,其中在我国海域首次记录的有6种。以《中国海洋生物名录》收录的分类体系为基础,参照World Register of Marine Species的最新分类系统,将鉴定的25种裸甲藻分为5个科15个属。  相似文献   

我国海域常见有毒水母的分类检索   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

刘萍  张学雷  宋洪军  庞敏 《海洋科学进展》2013,31(2)

综合现有资料编制了我国海域常见的19种有毒水母种类的分类检索表.我国常见有毒水母分属于3纲8目14科17属,包括水螅水母类3种、管水母类2种、立方水母类2种、钵水母类12种,其中钵水母纲旗口水母目和根口水母目种类较多(各5种),其它目每目含1～2科且每科仅1属1种.对我国现有的水母分类体系中部分与国际通用体系不统一之处进行了厘正,如:火水母拉丁文种名应由Tamoya alata Uchida,1929厘正为Tamoya gargantua Haeckel,1880,建议将灯罩水母[Linuche draco (Haeckel,1880)]命名厘正为爪罩水母[Linuche unguiculata (Schwartz,1788)]等.  相似文献   

A TAXONOMICAL AND ECOLOGICAL OVERVIEW OF RECENT AND HOLOCENE OSTRACODES OF HE NAM CO REGION,SOUTHERN TIBET          下载免费PDF全文

C.Wrozyna  P.Frenzel  Nanping Xie  Liping Zhu  A.Sehwalb 《第四纪研究》2009,29(4)

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Molecular research on the systematically challenging smoothhound shark genus Mustelus: a synthesis of the past 30 years     

SN Maduna  AE Bester-van der Merwe 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(4):373-387

The species-rich genus Mustelus (smoothhounds) of the shark family Triakidae is one of the most bio-economically important groups of elasmobranchs in the world’s oceans. Despite the commercial value of Mustelus, the systematics of the group remains largely unresolved and there is no global review or synthesis of knowledge about the conservation status and conservation genetics of smoothhounds across all oceanic regions. Here, we analysed published studies as well as grey literature to gain insight into the biogeographic, ecological and behavioural factors that shape genetic diversity in smoothhounds, and we identify critical knowledge gaps. From a series of molecular phylogenetic studies it can be inferred that the genus Mustelus is paraphyletic and that the aplacental species evolved secondarily from the placental species of the genus. The increasing availability of genetic data aids in disentangling systematic issues, such that more meaningful morphological characters can be chosen for use in practical field-identification keys for co-occurring smoothhounds. An integrative taxonomic approach to the genus Mustelus may offer the best chance of recording and protecting the biodiversity of these sharks. Furthermore, it is evident that different smoothhound species exhibit unique gene-flow patterns, suggesting varying rates within species and hence that species-level conservation approaches would be most appropriate. Molecular studies have advanced our understanding of smoothhound biology (including reproductive traits), ecology and evolution. While many knowledge gaps remain, a crucial lesson from this review is that, when doing assessments on a molecular level, it is important to place genetic results in a broader context, by assimilating biological and ecological data, if definitive conclusions are to be drawn.  相似文献   

THE DATA,THE READER,AND THE INNOCENT BYSTANDER—A PARABLE FOR MAP USERS*     

Philip J. Gersmehl 《The Professional geographer》1985,37(3):329-334

In 1977, I published a set of coarse-resolution dot maps that showed the general distributions of soil orders in the 48 states. Through a sequence of copies made by various people, one of those maps eventually appeared in a planning document as a shaded-area map with the title “Principal Peatlands of the United States.” Along the way a saline desert muck of conjectural extent and location was “transformed” into a documented energy resource for the nation. The history of this map offers a clear lesson for mapmakers: we have a three-fold duty, to the data, to the map reader, and to any third party who might be affected by a foreseeable misinterpretation of our maps.  相似文献