Modelling the effects of temperature and food on individual growth and reproduction of Daphnia and their consequences on the population level     

Karsten Rinke  Thomas Petzoldt 《Limnologica》2003,33(4):293-304

Individual based simulations of population dynamics require the availability of growth models with adequate complexity. For this purpose a simple-to-use model (non-linear multiple regression approach) is presented describing somatic growth and reproduction of Daphnia as a function of time, temperature and food quantity. The model showed a good agreement with published observations of somatic growth (r² = 0.954, n = 88) and egg production (r² = 0.898, n = 35). Temperature is the main determinant of initial somatic growth and food concentration is the main determinant of maximal body length and clutch size. An individual based simulation was used to demonstrate the simultaneous effects of food and temperature on the population level. Evidently, both temperature and food supply affected the population growth rate but at food concentrations above approximately 0.4 mg Cl⁻¹ Scenedesmus acutus temperature appeared as the main determinant of population growth.

Four simulation examples are given to show the wide applicability of the model: (1) analysis of the correlation between population birth rate and somatic growth rate, (2) contribution of egg development time and delayed somatic growth to temperature-effects on population growth, (3) comparison of population birth rate in simulations with constant vs. decreasing size at maturity with declining food concentrations and (4) costs of diel vertical migration. Due to its plausible behaviour over a broad range of temperature (2–20 °C) and food conditions (0.1–4 mg Cl⁻¹) the model can be used as a module for more detailed simulations of Daphnia population dynamics under realistic environmental conditions.  相似文献   

Nonlinear Rate Dependent Model of High Damping Rubber Bearing     

Robert Jankowski 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2003,1(3):397-403

The accurate analysis of the response of isolated structures requires the application of appropriate models of isolation devices. The purpose of this paper is to analyse a nonlinear strain rate dependent model of a high damping rubber bearing which simulates the horizontal behaviour of the device under specified vertical load using a nonlinear elastic spring-dashpot element. The effectiveness of the model is checked by fitting the experimental data concerning three different rubber bearings. The results of the study show that the model can simulate the bearing behaviour over a wide shear strain range with small simulation errors. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

The inversion of anelastic coefficient,source parameters and site respond using genetic algorithm     

刘杰  郑斯华  黄玉龙 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(2):226-232

It gradually becomes a common work using large seismic wave data to obtain source parameters, such as seismic moment, break radius, stress drop, with completingof digital seismic network in China (Hough, et al, 1999; Bindi, et al, 2001). These parameters are useful on earthquake prediction and seismic hazard analysis.Although the computation methods of source parameters are simple in principle and the many research works have been done, it is not easy to obtain the parameters accurately. There are two factors affecting the stability of computation results. The first one is the effect of spread path and site respond on signal. According to the research results, there are different geometrical spreading coefficients on different epicenter distance. The better method is to introduce trilinear geometrical spreading model (Atkinson, Mereu, 1992; Atkinson, Boore, 1995; WONG, et al, 2002). In addition, traditional site respond is estimated by comparing with rock station, such as linear inversion method (Andrews, 1982), but the comparative estimation will introduce some errors when selecting different stations. Some recent research results show that site respond is not flat for rock station (Moya, et al, 2000; ZHANG,. et al, 2001; JIN, et al, 2000; Dutta, et al, 2001). The second factor is to obtain low-frequency level and corner frequency fromdisplacement spectrum. Because the source spectrum model is nonlinear function,these values are obtained by eye. The subjectivity is strong. The small change of corner frequency will affect significantly the result of stress drop.  相似文献   

Coupled inverse modelling of groundwater flow and mass transport and the worth of concentration data   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Harrie-Jan Hendricks Franssen  Jaime Gómez-Hernández  Andrés Sahuquillo 《Journal of Hydrology》2003,281(4):281-295

This paper presents the extension of the self-calibrating method to the coupled inverse modelling of groundwater flow and mass transport. The method generates equally likely solutions to the inverse problem that display the variability as observed in the field and are not affected by a linearisation of the state equations. Conditioning to the state variables is measured by an objective function including, among others, the mismatch between the simulated and measured concentrations. Conditioning is achieved by minimising the objective function by gradient-based methods. The gradient contains the partial derivatives of the objective function with respect to: log conductivities, log storativities, prescribed heads at boundaries, retardation coefficients and mass sources. The derivatives of the objective function with respect to log conductivity are the most cumbersome and need the most CPU-time to be evaluated. For this reason, to compute this derivative only advective transport is considered. The gradient is calculated by the adjoint-state method. The method is demonstrated in a controlled, synthetic study, in which the worth of concentration data is analysed. It is shown that concentration data are essential to improve transport predictions and also help to improve aquifer characterisation and flow predictions, especially in the upstream part of the aquifer, even in the case that a considerable amount of other experimental data like conductivities and heads are available. Besides, conditioning to concentration data reduces the ensemble variances of estimated transmissivity, hydraulic head and concentration.  相似文献   

遗传算法与单纯形法组合的影像纹理分类方法   总被引：7，自引：3，他引：7  

郑肇葆 《测绘学报》2003,32(4):325-329

提出遗传算法(简称GA)与单纯形法组合的影像纹理分类方法(简称GASPX)。单纯形法是一种局部搜索方法，它通过反射，扩张，收缩操作，求得新的单纯形点，组成新单纯形，新单纯形比前一个单纯形更接近局部最优解。这种寻优方法收敛速度快，它与GA组合起来可以改善单独使用GA收敛速度慢的缺陷。由于在组合算法中是多个单纯形的局部区域的并行搜索，避免GA优化过程中过早收敛于局部最优解的现象出现。通过5种不同类别航空影像纹理识别的试验，并与GA的结果作对比，结果表明GASPX法优于GA法。  相似文献   

指派交叉--一种新的遗传交叉方法     

郑肇葆 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(3):272-276

在用遗传算法生成影像纹理分类的“Tuned”模板中，引用了一个新的遗传交叉方法——指派交叉，与其他的交叉方法相比，指派交叉可在相同的搜索空间中提供更好的优化组合。试验证明，指派交叉是值得推广的一种遗传交叉方法。  相似文献   

模拟退火算法在动态建立基准地价模型中的应用   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

祝国瑞  唐旭  王平 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(5):593-595,607

阐述了传统基准地价评估模型建立流程将地价样本检验与模型建立分离的不足，引入了模拟退火算法思想，对目标函数、初始状态、新状态产生、新状态接受、初温、温度更新函数以及抽样准则、算法终止准则等关键问题进行设计，将地价样本检验、优化组合与模型建立有机结合，并设计了基于模拟退火算法的动态建立基准地价模型的流程，最后应用实例验证了方法的可行性。  相似文献   

遥感数据的遗传-超平面分割算法   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李启青  马建文  哈斯巴干  刘志丽  韩秀珍 《遥感学报》2003,7(6):485-489

在传统的采用超平面作为判别边界的分割方法中，使用统计学的方法确定类判别界面，当区域间的统计值大于区域内的统计值时，就会出现类判决界面难于确定的问题。遗传算法的特点是进行全局优化搜索，利用这种算法优势可以解决传统算法难以解决的超平面空间定位问题，从而解决类判决界面的确定问题。通过EOS／MODIS图像数据的分割对该方法作了详细的介绍，其分类精度明显高于统计学分类方法。  相似文献   

无拓扑矢量数据快速压缩算法的研究与实现   总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17  

王净  江刚武 《测绘学报》2003,32(2):173-177

首先论述传统矢量数据压缩算法：道格拉斯—普克法，分析将其应用于多边形边界数据压缩所造成的图形失真现象，在此基础上提出一种针对无拓扑矢量数据的快速压缩算法，并在MapInfo环境中实现该算法。  相似文献   

基于GIS的土壤质量评价研究   总被引：25，自引：0，他引：25  

侯文广  江聪世  熊庆文  陈继祥 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(1):60-64

介绍了基于GIS土壤质量等级评价的实现过程。探讨了土壤等级评价因子的选择和因子权重的确定方法。在分析了几种常用方法在土壤质量评价中的应用特点并指出几种方法的局限性之后，提出了顾及因子稳定性的多元线性回归分析法，并以南方某地为例进行了实例分析。  相似文献