准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系- 下侏罗统碎屑岩骨架组分及其物源与构造背景演化示踪   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

蔚远江  胡素云  何登发 《地质学报》2020,94(5):1347-1366

紧邻西准噶尔造山带的准噶尔盆地西北缘多年勘探钻揭了二叠系-下侏罗统砂砾岩地层,这为源-汇系统研究提供了较齐全的沉积记录。笔者基于砂砾岩43个岩心和37个薄片样品,采用岩心观察与镜下碎屑骨架成分统计、多类型碎屑及端元成分分析、典型物源区碎屑组合模式及特征参数分析等多种方法,对其物源类型与构造背景演化开展了全层系示踪。其砂砾岩骨架碎屑组成较为复杂,砾石成分有岩浆岩砾石(30%～80%)、沉积岩砾石(10%～40%)、变质岩砾石(0%～30%)三类;岩屑成分均以凝灰质、安山质、霏细岩类岩浆岩岩屑和砂泥岩、粉砂质粘土岩、燧石类沉积岩屑为主,仅见少量石英岩、片岩岩屑,表明本区物源主要来自岩浆岩分布区,也有遭剥蚀再沉积的物源供应。其沉积物源主要来自西准噶尔造山带(扎依尔山、哈拉阿拉特山和德仑山),沉积记录反映了物源区母岩类型、组合特征及其隆升剥蚀过程。由二叠系至下侏罗统,砾岩碎屑组分和含量变化呈现"两个组骤变、三段式增减"的特点,砂岩碎屑成分和含量也有变化,表明源-汇系统经历了多次构造抬升与沉降、深部岩石被多次暴露剥蚀与沉积的幕式演化。划分出P_1j-P_1f、P_2w、P_3w、T_1b-T_2k、J_1b-J_1s五个构造-碎屑沉积响应旋回,其中P_2w旋回和P_3w旋回,火山岩和沉积岩砾石含量彼此消长和跳跃式变化,反映构造活跃和快速堆积;P_1j-P_1f、T_1bT_2k、J_1b-J_1s三个旋回,火成岩和沉积岩砾石含量均呈由高到低减少趋势,显示早期构造活跃、晚期沉积稳定的构造-碎屑沉积响应。准噶尔盆地西北缘在二叠纪伸展—挤压→三叠纪继承性挤压→早侏罗世弱伸展的构造演化发展中,物源区构造背景经历了由弧造山带→弧造山带+冲断造山带→未切割弧造山带及碰撞造山带→切割弧造山带+冲断造山带+基底隆起区的发展演变,物源类型组合经历了由单陆源为主→陆源+内源叠加→多陆源为主→多陆源+再旋回物源混合的演化和响应。该成果为原型盆地和区域地质演化分析提供了新的依据,为油气勘探和矿产预测提供了基础资料。  相似文献   

Climatic forcing on hydrography of a Mediterranean bay (Alfacs Bay)     

Jordi Sol  Antonio Turiel  Marta Estrada  Clara Llebot  Dolors Blasco  Jordi Camp  Maximino Delgado  Margarita Fernndez-Tejedor  Jorge Diogne 《Continental Shelf Research》2009,29(15):1786-1800

Time series of meteorological and hydrographic variables were analyzed using Huang's Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) to ascertain the relationships among climatic forcings and the hydrographic behavior in an estuarine bay. The EMD method allowed us to separate the different characteristic oscillation patterns (or modes) of a 14 year-long time series of weekly hydrographic (water temperature and salinity) and meteorological (air temperature, pressure, wind and precipitation) data from Alfacs Bay (Ebre delta, NW Mediterranean). In order to explore the relations between couples of oscillation modes from different series, we developed a correlation index based on the phase differences between these modes. Common characteristic modes in the studied series are a seasonal pattern and an inter-annual oscillation. The comparison between series of meteorological and hydrographic variables shows significant correlations of two modes (of 1 year and 2–3 year periods, respectively) of water temperature with the corresponding two modes of air temperature and air pressure. There were also significant positive correlations between wind speed and water temperature. The use of EMD allowed to discover a strong connection between stratification and the use of irrigation channels in the bay; in addition, with the help of this method we can propose a common meteorological forcing mechanism for the observed patterns of variability. Those findings would have been impossible to guess by use of classical Fourier methods, and gives a demonstration of the power of EMD in climatic series analysis.  相似文献   

Soil erosion risk scenarios in the Mediterranean environment using RUSLE and GIS: An application model for Calabria (southern Italy)   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

O. Terranova  L. Antronico  R. Coscarelli  P. Iaquinta 《Geomorphology》2009,112(3-4):228-245

Soil erosion by water (WSE) has become a relevant issue at the Mediterranean level. In particular, natural conditions and human impact have made the Calabria (southern Italy) particularly prone to intense WSE. The purpose of this investigation is to identify areas highly affected by WSE in Calabria by comparing the scenarios obtained by assuming control and preventive measures and actions, as well as actual conditions generated by forest fires, also in the presence of conditions of maximum rainfall erosion.Geographic Information System techniques have been adopted to treat data of reasonable spatial resolution obtained at a regional scale for application to the RUSLE model. This work is based on the comparison of such data with a basic scenario that has been defined by the present situation (present scenario). In this scenario: (i) R has been assessed by means of an experimental relation adjusted to Calabria on the basis of 5-min observations; (ii) K has been drawn from the soil map of Calabria including 160 soilscapes; (iii) LS has been estimated according to the RUSLE2 model by using (among other subfactors) a 40-m square cell DTM; (iv) C has been derived by processing the data inferred from the project Corine Land Cover, whose legend includes 35 different land uses on three levels; and (v) P has been hypothesized as equal to 1.For the remaining three hypothesized scenarios, the RUSLE factors have been adjusted according to experimental data and to data in the literature. In particular, forest areas subject to fire have been randomly generated as far as fire location, extension, structure, and intensity are concerned.The values obtained by the application of the RUSLE model have emphasized that land management by means of measures and actions for reducing WSE causes a notable reduction of the erosive rate decreasing from ~30 to 12.3 Mg ha^− 1 y^− 1. On the other hand, variations induced by hypothetical wildfires in forests on 10% of the regional territory bring WSE over the whole region to values varying from 30 to 116 Mg ha^− 1 y^− 1.This study can be offered to territorial planning authorities as an evaluation instrument as it highlights the merits and limitations of some territorial management actions. In fact, in Calabria no observations exist concerning the implications of these actions.  相似文献   

A 40,000-year record of environmental change from ancient Lake Ohrid (Albania and Macedonia)     

Bernd Wagner  André F. Lotter  Norbert Nowaczyk  Jane M. Reed  Antje Schwalb  Roberto Sulpizio  Verushka Valsecchi  Martin Wessels  Giovanni Zanchetta 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2009,41(3):407-430

Lake Ohrid is considered to be of Pliocene origin and is the oldest extant lake in Europe. A 1,075-cm-long sediment core was recovered from the southeastern part of the lake, from a water depth of 105 m. The core was investigated using geophysical, granulometric, biogeochemical, diatom, ostracod, and pollen analyses. Tephrochronology and AMS radiocarbon dating of plant macrofossils reveals that the sediment sequence spans the past ca. 39,500 years and features a hiatus between ca. 14,600 and 9,400 cal. year BP. The Pleistocene sequence indicates relatively stable and cold conditions, with steppe vegetation in the catchment, at least partial winter ice-cover of the lake, and oxygenated bottom waters at the coring site. The Holocene sequence indicates that the catchment vegetation had changed to forest dominated by pine and summer-green oak. Several of the proxies suggest the impact of abrupt climate oscillations such as the 8.2 or 4.0 ka event. The observed changes, however, cannot be related clearly to a change in temperature or humidity. Human impact started about 5,000 cal. year BP and increased significantly during the past 2,400 years. Water column mixing conditions, inflow from subaquatic springs, and human impact are the most important parameters influencing internal lake processes, notably affecting the composition and characteristics of the sediments.  相似文献   

First evidence of fiberglass ingestion by a marine invertebrate (Mytilus galloprovincialis L.) in a N.W. Mediterranean estuary     

Eve Galimany  Montserrat Ramn  Maximino Delgado 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(9):1334-1338

Alfacs Bay is a N.W. Mediterranean estuary important for mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) aquaculture. During studies at the site, fiberglass particles were detected. The presence of fiberglass occurred naturally in the water throughout the study period (November 2006 to July 2007). An investigation was undertaken into its role in the feeding behavior of the local mussels. Fiberglass was present in all types of mussel samples. Rejection, which we would have expected for the whole study period, was only evident during the second season studied. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the ingestion of fiberglass by a marine organism. Our novel finding indicates the need to investigate fiberglass ingestion by marine organisms at different levels of the food web and the possible implications for human health and the health of the organisms themselves. In addition, we propose the use of mussels as sentinel organisms to monitor fiberglass contamination in marine ecosystems.  相似文献   

A habitat-specific fish-based approach to assess the ecological status of Mediterranean coastal lagoons   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Anita Franco  Patrizia Torricelli  Piero Franzoi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(11):1704-1717

A habitat approach was promoted in the framework of ecological status assessment of transitional waters, assuming the importance of habitat heterogeneity to the overall system status. The approach was applied to the use of fish-based multimetric indices by adapting them to seagrass and marsh habitats in the Venice lagoon, Italy, through selection of appropriate metrics and reference conditions. While for marsh habitats, no clear patterns resulted, the index response for seagrass was consistent with the habitat degradation and loss recorded in the lagoon between 2002 and 2005 and with the higher habitat disturbance in southern and central lagoon sub-basins. The assessment of individual habitats is presented as a first step in the process of evaluating the overall condition of a Mediterranean lagoon environment, which should also take account of the diversity of habitats and their availability within the system to properly define an overall index of ecological status.  相似文献   

Effects of mariculture on macrobenthic assemblages in a western mediterranean site   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Paolo Tomassetti  Emma Persia  Isabel Mercatali  Danilo Vani  Veronica Marussso  Salvatore Porrello 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(4):533-541

The effects of solid organic wastes from a marine fish farm on sediment was tested using macrobenthic fauna as biological indicators. Impact on benthic fauna was evaluated in the vicinity of a fish farm in the Tyrrhenian Sea (Western Mediterranean) between July 2001 and October 2002. Changes in benthic community structure were investigated using multivariate, distributional and univariate analyses (diversity indices, AMBI and M-AMBI). The results showed sharp disturbance of assemblages under the cages and no effects in the area more than 25 m from the cages. Sediment alterations were related to an increase in farmed biomass and its wastes, as well as to low current speed that allowed accumulation of organic matter on the sea floor. It was possible to follow the ecological succession from slightly altered assemblages to heavily polluted ones in the very short period of a single fish fattening cycle (15 months).  相似文献   

Legal protection is not enough: Posidoniaoceanica meadows in marine protected areas are not healthier than those in unprotected areas of the northwest Mediterranean Sea     

Monica Montefalcone  Giancarlo Albertelli  Carla Morri  Valeriano Parravicini  Carlo Nike Bianchi 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(4):515-262

Using the Conservation Index, which measures the proportional amount of dead matte relative to live Posidonia oceanica, we assessed the health of 15 P. oceanica meadows at a regional scale along the coast of Liguria (NW Mediterranean). These areas were characterized by different degrees of anthropization, from highly urbanized sites to marine protected areas. Two different scenarios were identified according to depth: in shallow zones, the health of P. oceanica meadows was related to the degree of anthropization along the coastline. In contrast, in deep zones, most meadows exhibited poor health, independent of both the degree of disturbance and the legal measures protecting the area. Working synergistically with the regional impact of increased water turbidity, local impacts from the coast were recognized as the main causes of the severe regression of most Ligurian P. oceanica meadows. We conclude that marine protected areas alone are not sufficient to guarantee the protection of P. oceanica meadows. We emphasize the need for a management network involving the Sites of Community Interest (SCIs) containing P. oceanica meadows.  相似文献   

Monitoring of trace metals in coastal sediments from sites around Sardinia, Western Mediterranean     

M. Schintu  B. Marras  A. Maccioni  D. Puddu  P. Meloni  A. Contu 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(10):1577-1583

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Suspended sediment transport in a small Mediterranean agricultural catchment     

Joan Estrany  Celso Garcia  Ramon J. Batalla 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2009,34(7):929-940

The aim of this study is to analyze suspended sediment transport in a Mediterranean agricultural catchment under traditional soil and water conservation practices. Field measurements were conducted in Can Revull, a small ephemeral catchment (1.03 km²) on the island of Mallorca. This study uses continuous turbidity records to analyse suspended sediment transport regimes, construct and interpret multiple regression models of total suspended sediment concentration (SSC) and of SSC related to stormflow discharge, and assess the sediment loads and yields of three hydrological years (2004–2005 to 2006–2007). An annual average SSC of 17.3 mg l^?1, with a maximum of 2270 mg l^?1, was recorded in the middle of the winter period when rainfall intensities are high and headwater slopes are ploughed and thus bare. Strong seasonal contrasts of baseflow dynamics associated with different degrees of dilution provide a large scatter in SSC and in the derived rating curves, reflecting that other factors control the supply of suspended sediment. Multiple regression models identify rainfall intensity as the most significant variable in sediment supply. However, under baseflow conditions, physical and biological processes generate sediment in the channel that is subsequently removed during high flow. In contrast, when baseflow is not present, rainfall intensity is the only process that supplies sediment to the channel, mostly from hillslopes. Considering the study period as average in terms of total annual rainfall and intensities, suspended sediment yields were an order of magnitude lower than those obtained in other Mediterranean catchments, a factor that can be related to the historical use of soil conservation practices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献