The Geography of Malnutrition     

Ty Beal  Daniel Ervin 《The Professional geographer》2018,70(1):47-59

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of an emerging theme within the subfield of nutritional geography we call the geography of malnutrition. Work relating to malnutrition is a high-priority research topic, with growing relevance to geographical concepts, but there is no overview of geographical approaches to this theme. Using keyword searches in Google Scholar and Web of Science to obtain relevant publications, we identified the major foci of work within this theme: undernutrition, diseases that cause malnutrition, the nutrition transition, and critical and feminist approaches to malnutrition. We review these foci, provide examples of prominent work, and identify areas of research concerning malnutrition that are highly spatial but have yet to be effectively studied using geographic techniques.  相似文献   

2006-2015年内蒙古呼伦湖富营养化趋势及分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

梁丽娥  李畅游  史小红  赵胜男  田野  张立杰 《湖泊科学》2016,28(6):1265-1273

以内蒙古呼伦湖为研究对象,20062015年水质数据为基础,分析呼伦湖的富营养化变化趋势及其影响因素.结果表明,20062015年呼伦湖各水质指标都有不同程度的变幅,其中盐度变化范围为0.75~1.71 ng/L,均值为1.32 ng/L,2010年达到峰值1.71 ng/L,随后呈现逐年递减趋势;pH的变化范围为8.78~9.40,水体偏碱性;透明度的变化范围为0.17~0.26 m,近三年来透明度持续下降;溶解氧浓度变化范围为4.05~10.62 mg/L,均值为7.12 mg/L.总氮浓度的变化范围为1.16~3.53 mg/L,总磷浓度的变化范围为0.13~0.25 mg/L,叶绿素a浓度的变化范围为3.31~10.36 mg/m³,N/P比变化范围为4.92~15.35,水质已经达到地表水环境质量Ⅳ~Ⅴ类水体标准,是磷限制性湖泊.利用综合营养状态指数法对呼伦湖水体富营养化进行评价,2006-2015年呼伦湖水体表现出中度—重度—中度—轻度的变化趋势.通过分析呼伦湖富营养化的影响因素,结果表明,影响呼伦湖富营养化的可能因素为外源输入和入湖径流量,同时水深和水温也是呼伦湖发生富营养化的驱动因素,pH、透明度和溶解氧是呼伦湖富营养化影响水质的最主要表现指标.  相似文献   

海水中致病菌检测研究进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

刘淑文  丁家旺  秦伟 《海洋科学》2017,41(2):145-156

海水中致病菌种类繁多、致病性强,对水产养殖和人体健康存在着潜在危害。传统的检测方法培养过程复杂繁琐、耗时长、效率低,难以满足实际工作的需求。因此,建立海水中致病菌的快速、灵敏、准确的检测技术势在必行。本文综述了流式细胞技术、分子生物学方法、免疫学方法和生物传感器技术等在海水致病菌检测中的应用,总结了上述方法在海水致病菌检测中的研究现状。  相似文献   

Pond culture of seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum in southern China     

于宗赫  胡超群  孙红岩  李海鹏  彭鹏飞 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(2):300-305

The seaweed Sargassum hemiphyllum is widely distributed throughout the coastal waters of Asia and has high commercial value.In recent years,its natural biomass has declined due to over-exploitation and environmental pollution.To seek for a feasible way to culture this seaweed efficiently,we designed a simple long-line system in a shrimp pond for the culture during winter,and the growth and nutritional composition of the seaweed were examined.Results show that the culture system was durable and flexible allowing S.hemiphyllum to grow vertically off the muddy bottom of the pond.Although the length of pondcultured S.hemiphyllum was inhibited by water depth,the weight-specific growth rate((1.65±0.17)%/d) was nearly three times higher than that of wild plants((0.62±0.19)%/d).The crude protein(6.92%±0.88%) and ash content(21.52%±0.07%) of the pond-cultured seaweed were significantly lower than those of the wild plants(9.38%±0.43% and 26.93%±0.07%,respectively);however,crude fat(1.01%±0.04%) was significantly higher than that of the wild plants(0.87%±0.02%).In addition,the nutritional composition of both pond-cultured and wild S.hemiphyllum was comparable to or even higher than those of other common seaweeds being used as food and/or aquaculture fodder.Future studies shall be focused on the impact of environmental parameters on its growth and nutritional composition.  相似文献   

太平洋侧花海葵的营养成分分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

朱春晓  王远红  吕志华 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2011,(Z1):365-368

本文测定了太平洋侧花海葵中的蛋白质、脂肪和无机元素等营养成分,分析了太平洋侧花海葵中构成蛋白质的17种常见氨基酸和主要脂肪酸含量。结果表明,太平洋侧花海葵是一种高蛋白、低脂肪的海产品;必需氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸的含量较高,但必需氨基酸之间的比值不太符合人体的氨基酸平衡,宜与其他食物搭配食用。各类脂肪酸中,油酸(18∶1)含量最高,其次为C22∶2。无机元素丰富,尤其是Zn,含量可达254.4 mg/kg。  相似文献   

Coupling bio-logging with nutritional geometry to reveal novel insights into the foraging behaviour of a plunge-diving marine predator     

Gabriel E Machovsky-Capuska  David Priddel  Philip HW Leong  Peter Jones  Nicholas Carlile  Lesley Shannon 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2016,50(3):418-432

It is widely believed that predators maximise their energy intake while foraging and consume prey that are nutritionally similar. We combined GPS data loggers, miniaturised cameras, dietary sampling and nutritional geometry to examine the nutritional variability in the prey and selected diet, and foraging performance, of the masked booby (Sula dactylatra tasmani), a wild carnivore and marine top predator. Data loggers also revealed no significant differences between sexes in the foraging performance of chick-rearing adults. Females provided more food to their chicks than the males and, regardless of the nutritional variability of prey consumed, both sexes showed similar amounts of protein and lipid in their diets. Miniaturised cameras combined with nutritional analysis of prey provided, for the first time, fine-scale detail of the amounts of macronutrients consumed in each plunge dive and the overall foraging trip. Our methodology could be considered for future studies that aim to contribute to the general understanding of the behavioural and physiological mechanisms and ecological and evolutionary significance of animal foraging (e.g. energy expenditure budgets and prey selection for self- and offspring-feeding that could lead to sex-specific foraging strategies).  相似文献   

中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)野生和养殖蟹种对池塘养殖成蟹可食率和营养品质的影响研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

何杰  吴旭干  龙晓文  赵恒亮  姜晓东  王幼鹏  成永旭 《海洋与湖沼》2016,47(1):140-150

长江水系野生中华绒螯蟹(以下简称河蟹)蟹种比经过多代人工养殖的池塘群体蟹种具有更好的养殖性能,尚不清楚两种蟹种养成后成蟹的可食率及其营养品质是否存在差异。本研究采用养殖实验和生化分析方法,比较了长江水系野生和养殖蟹种经池塘养成成蟹的可食率、肥满度、常规生化成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成。结果显示:(1)在相似的体重条件下,野生群体成蟹的肝胰腺指数极显著高于养殖群体(P0.01),性腺指数显著低于养殖群体(P0.05),两群体间的出肉率、总可食率及肥满度无显著差异(P0.05);(2)两群体成蟹肝胰腺和性腺中的常规营养组成接近,但野生群体雄体肝胰腺和性腺中的碳水化合物含量显著高于养殖群体雄体(P0.05);无论雌体还是雄体,野生群体肌肉中的粗蛋白含量显著低于养殖群体,但野生雄体肌肉中的粗脂肪含量和雌体肌肉中的碳水化合物显著高于后者(P0.05);(3)就野生雌体脂肪酸组成而言,野生群体成蟹肝胰腺、卵巢和肌肉中的C18:1n9含量显著高于养殖群体雌体,但其C20:5n3、C22:6n3、ΣPUFA和ΣHUFA显著低于后者;就雄体而言,野生群体成蟹三种可食组织中的C18:2n6高于养殖群体,但其C20:5n3和C20:4n6低于养殖群体;整体上,肌肉中的HUFA含量显著高于肝胰腺和性腺;(4)就氨基酸组成而言,两群体雌体和雄体性腺中的氨基酸含量接近,均无显著差异,仅精巢中组氨酸和精氨酸含量存在显著差异;无论雌体还是雄体,养殖群体肌肉中的主要氨基酸和总氨基酸含量略高于野生群体,仅异亮氨酸和赖氨酸含量差异显著;此外,野生群体雄蟹肌肉中的亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸和组氨酸含量也显著高于养殖群体。综上,野生群体和养殖群体蟹种养成后成蟹的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数存在显著差异,但是两者总可食率和肥满度接近,整体上两群体脂肪酸组成存在较大差异,但是氨基酸组成较为接近。  相似文献   

中国对虾（Penaeus　chinensis）维生素营养的研究──Ⅴ．中国对虾维生素C营养   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

徐志昌  刘铁斌  雷清新  李爱杰 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》1994,(3)

提出以稳定态的ＬＡＰＰ代替一般维生素Ｃ添加在配合饲料中饲喂对虾，指出：在１００ｇ饲料中含ＬＡＰＰ４００ｍｇ时，其体长增长率和体重增重率最高，存活率最佳．饲料中ＬＡＰＰ浓度大小影响对虾的蜕壳频率和蜕壳周期，当饲料中ＬＡＰＰ缺乏时，对虾的蜕壳频率降低，蜕壳周期延长；过量的ＬＡＰＰ也会使对虾的蜕壳频率相对降低，但比缺乏或不足的要高。维生素Ｃ在对虾肝胰脏中的积累以ＬＡＰＰ含量４００ｍｇ／１００ｇ饲料组为最高。  相似文献   

可口革囊星虫的营养成分分析与评价   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

周化斌  张永普  吴洪喜  应雪萍  周志明 《海洋湖沼通报》2006,(2):62-68

测定了可口革囊星虫的营养成分,干物质中蛋白质、脂肪、总糖和灰分的含量分别为70.68%,2.29%,5.51%和15.32%。必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的35.41%,氨基酸分为32,化学分为19分。脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)含量为81.22%,高于饱和脂肪酸(SFA);不饱和脂肪酸中高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)的含量为54.27%;脂肪酸中EPA和DHA的含量为3.9%和0.12%。无机元素丰富,其中常量元素含量规律为Na>K>Mg>P>Ca,微量元素中Fe含量较高,其次为Mn和Zn。  相似文献   

华南沿海重要网箱养殖鱼类营养成分比较研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

周歧存  郑石轩  郑献昌  齐雪娟 《热带海洋学报》2004,23(2):88-93

对华南沿海重要养殖鱼类花尾胡椒鲷(Plectorhynchus cinctus)、卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)、黄鳍鲷(Sparus latus)、红笛鲷(Lutjanus sanguineus)、沙鲈(Psammoperca waigiensis)、紫红笛鲷(Lutjanus argentimaculatus)和美国红鱼(Sciaenops ocellatus)7种海水鱼肌肉的主要营养成分蛋白质、脂肪、灰分及氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质组成等进行了比较研究。结果表明，这7种海水养殖鱼类蛋白质、脂肪、灰分及能量的差异较大，而肌肉中氨基酸总量、必需氨基酸含量及其在氨基酸总量中所占的比率分别介于59．08％-78．38％、30．06％-40．43％和48．82％-53．38％之间。这7种海水养殖鱼类脂肪酸不饱和度在39．80％-54．50％之间，n-3系列不饷和脂肪酶尤其是EPA和DHA的含量较高．  相似文献