遥感技术在“一张图”实施监督系统中的应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄永进  基静萍  孙华芸  夏晓瑞  蒋茜 《测绘通报》2021,(4):156-159,163

结合国土空间规划“一张图”实施监督信息系统的开发,详细阐述了卫星遥感技术在规划实施评估、国土空间开发适宜性评价和规划监测预警这几个模块中的应用案例,对应用的内容、方法及效果进行了总结和探讨。分析表明,遥感技术能为国土空间规划“一张图”提供众多的基础数据,对于评估城市发展动态、合理规划城市用地具有非常重要的作用。  相似文献   

Effects of Spectral Nudging on Oceanic States in a Coarse-Resolution Model     

Zeliang Wang  Guoqi Han  Frederic Dupont 《大气与海洋》2015,53(3):351-362

A 1-degree global model is used to investigate the skill of spectral nudging at coarse resolution by performing two numerical experiments, one with spectral nudging and the other without. In the spectral nudging experiment, the model temperature and salinity are nudged to an observed climatological monthly-mean field. The study compares the model mean state, as well as the interannual and decadal variability of oceanic quantities with observations, (e.g., sea surface height (SSH) and sea surface temperature (SST)). Spectral nudging is found to be effective in constraining model drift from the observed mean state of temperature and salinity in the global ocean, which has been reported in previous studies. The present study further shows that spectral nudging significantly improves the model skill of topostrophy (a measure of currents flowing along the topography) in water depth below 2000?m with no clear improvement elsewhere. Despite its known ability to damp oceanic variability at various time scales, spectral nudging can still represent the interannual and decadal variability of SSH and SST well, to a degree comparable to the other experiment.  相似文献   

Changes in Mean Relative Sea Level around Canada in the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries     

Guoqi Han  Zhimin Ma  Nancy Chen  Richard Thomson  Aimée Slangen 《大气与海洋》2015,53(5):452-463

Abstract

Trends in regional mean sea levels can be substantially different from the global mean trend. Here, we first use tide-gauge data and satellite altimetry measurements to examine trends in mean relative sea level (MRSL) for the coasts of Canada over approximately the past 50–100 years. We then combine model output and satellite observations to provide sea level projections for the twenty-first century. The MRSL trend based on historical tide-gauge data shows large regional variations, from 3?mm?y^?1 (higher than the global mean MRSL rise rate of 1.7?mm?y^?1 for 1900–2009) along the southeast Atlantic coast, close to or below the global mean along the Pacific and Arctic coasts, to –9?mm?y^?1 in Hudson Bay, as indicated by the vertical land motion. The combination of altimeter-measured sea level change with Global Positioning System (GPS) data approximately accounts for tide-gauge measurements at most stations for the 1993–2011 period. The projected MRSL change between 1980 and 1999 and between 2090 and 2099 under a medium-high climate change emission scenario (A2) ranges from ?50?cm in northeastern Canada to 75?cm in southeastern Canada. Along the coast of the Beaufort Sea, the MRSL rise is as high as 70?cm. The MRSL change along the Pacific coast varies from ?15 to 50?cm. The ocean steric and dynamical effects contribute to the rise in MRSL along Canadian coasts and are dominant on the southeast coast. Land-ice (glaciers and ice sheets) melt contributes 10–20?cm to the rise in MRSL, except in northeastern Canada. The effect of the vertical land uplift is large and centred near Hudson Bay, significantly reducing the rise in MRSL. The land-ice melt also causes a decrease in MRSL in northeastern Canada. The projected MRSL change under a high emission scenario (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5) has a spatial pattern similar to that under A2, with a slightly greater rise in MRSL of 7?cm, on average, and some notable differences at specific sites.  相似文献   

Trends and Variability of Sea Surface Temperature in the Northwest Atlantic from Three Historical Gridded Datasets     

John W. Loder  Zeliang Wang 《大气与海洋》2015,53(5):510-528

ABSTRACT

Historical variability in sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Atlantic (NA) is examined using trend and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analyses of annual and summer means from three interpolated monthly datasets: Hadley Centre Sea Ice and Sea Surface Temperature (HadISST1), Extended Reconstruction of SST (ERSST), and Centennial in situ Observation-Based Estimates (COBE). Comparisons with time series of upper-ocean temperature from four monitoring sites off Atlantic Canada reveal substantial similarity in the interannual to multi-decadal variability but notable differences in the longer-term trends. The magnitude of decadal-scale variability is comparable to, or greater than, the long-term changes in all of the datasets; together with the trend discrepancies, this needs to be considered in climate change applications. Averaged over the NA, the annual means have a long-term increasing trend and a pronounced multi-decadal variation, resembling those in global mean (land-ocean) surface temperature and the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO). There is remarkable similarity in the spatial and temporal variability of the three leading EOF modes from the different gridded datasets, with the first highly correlated with the AMO, the second modestly correlated with the winter North Atlantic Oscillation, and the third apparently related to ocean circulation variability. Trends since 1981 are generally two to three times larger than those since 1900 and 1950, which is at least partly related to the phase of the AMO. Trends in the summer means are generally larger than in the annual means. Overall, the results provide support for both anthropogenic global warming and decadal-scale natural variations making important contributions to ocean climate variability in the Northwest Atlantic.  相似文献   

Climate Comparisons and Change Projections for the Northwest Atlantic from Six CMIP5 Models     

John W. Loder  Augustine van der Baaren  Igor Yashayaev 《大气与海洋》2015,53(5):529-555

Abstract

Key physical variables for the Northwest Atlantic (NWA) are examined in the “historical” and two future Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) simulations of six Earth System Models (ESMs) available through Phase 5 of the Climate Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). The variables are air temperature, sea-ice concentration, surface and subsurface ocean temperature and salinity, and ocean mixed-layer depth. Comparison of the historical simulations with observations indicates that the models provide a good qualitative and approximate quantitative representation of many of the large-scale climatological features in the NWA (e.g., annual cycles and spatial patterns). However, the models represent the detailed structure of some important NWA ocean and ice features poorly, such that caution is needed in the use of their projected future changes. Monthly “climate change” fields between the bidecades 1986–2005 and 2046–2065 are described, using ensemble statistics of the changes across the six ESMs. The results point to warmer air temperatures everywhere, warmer surface ocean temperatures in most areas, reduced sea-ice extent and, in most areas, reduced surface salinities and mixed-layer depths. However, the magnitudes of the inter-model differences in the projected changes are comparable to those of the ensemble-mean changes in many cases, such that robust quantitative projections are generally not possible for the NWA.  相似文献   

东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂带得力斯坦南MOR型玄武岩地质、地球化学特征及岩石成因          下载免费PDF全文

李瑞保  裴先治  李佐臣  陈有炘  刘成军  裴磊  徐通  刘战庆  魏博 《地球科学》2015,40(7):1148-1162

东昆仑南缘布青山构造混杂带发育有较多OIB型玄武岩, 这类玄武岩成因与地幔柱密切相关.与灰岩密切伴生的具有MOR型特征的基性火山岩亦是东昆仑南缘古特提斯洋盆一类重要的海山玄武岩.为了查明布青山构造混杂带中不同类型洋岛或海山玄武岩的岩石成因, 对得力斯坦南玄武岩进行了详细的地质、地球化学和岩石成因研究.布青山地区得力斯坦南出露的玄武岩岩石类型复杂多样, 主要由枕状玄武岩、气孔-杏仁状玄武岩、角砾状玄武岩和块状玄武岩组成.主量元素地球化学特征表明, 该套玄武岩属于深海拉斑玄武岩和洋脊拉斑玄武岩系列.得力斯坦南玄武岩∑REE介于34.51×10-6~61.60×10-6, LREE/HREE介于0.89~1.37, (La/Yb)_N介于0.30~0.56, δEu介于0.90~1.18.球粒陨石标准化稀土元素配分图呈现轻稀土元素亏损的左倾型, 与NMORB型玄武岩稀土元素配分曲线基本相同.得力斯坦南玄武岩Zr、Hf、Nb和Ta含量均相当于NMORB的相应元素的丰度值.Zr/Nb值介于24.59~57.69, Nb/La值介于0.45~0.94, Hf/Ta值介于18.29~31.94.在原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图上, 曲线右侧高场强元素基本未分异(Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等), 并贴近于NMORB标准线, 具有与NMORB玄武岩相似而明显不同于EMORB和OIB型玄武岩的特征.微量元素判别表明其形成于洋中脊或由于洋脊扩张向两侧后移的洋中脊构造环境, 结合其上覆盖有深水硅泥岩及浅水厚层状碳酸盐岩的地质事实, 认为其在地形地貌上属于古海山.岩石成因研究表明该套玄武岩起源于亏损地幔(DM), 并估算其为地幔二辉橄榄岩发生约10%部分熔融的产物.   相似文献   

西藏尕尔穷-嘎拉勒铜金矿集区火山岩年代学及地球化学          下载免费PDF全文

张志  陈毓川  唐菊兴  李壮  宋俊龙  杨毅  胡正华  杨欢欢  杨超  康浩然 《地球科学》2015,40(1):77-97

尕尔穷-嘎拉勒铜金矿集区是班-怒结合带南部的重要矿集区.矿集区内发育大面积火山岩, 利用锆石U-Pb年代学方法, 首次精确测定了研究区内不同地层中火山岩年龄, 并结合其岩石地球化学特征探讨了其形成构造背景.研究表明, 区内朗久组火山角砾岩成岩年龄为141.7.0±0.47 Ma(MSWD=0.43), 多爱组流纹岩年龄为136.80±0.48 Ma(MSWD=0.79), 形成时代为早白垩世初期, 属于班公湖-怒江洋南向俯冲的岩浆作用响应; 原定多爱组火山角砾岩(GE火山角砾岩)年龄为85.20±0.53 Ma(MSWD=3.40), 形成时代为晚白垩世, 不属于早白垩世多爱组产物, 属于洋盆消亡后羌塘陆块与冈底斯陆块汇聚阶段的火山作用产物, 晚于尕尔穷铜金矿的成矿年龄(86.87±0.50 Ma).岩石地球化学特征表明, 区内火山岩均具有相对富集Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素(LILE), 而亏损Ta、Nb、Yb、Ti等高场强元素(HFSE)的特征, 显示出弧火山岩特性.结合区域已有火山岩研究资料表明, 在班公湖-怒江洋南向俯冲过程中, 从早白垩世初至中晚期均有比较连续的火山作用, 持续时间约为30 Ma(140~110 Ma); 在班公湖-怒江洋盆消亡后的羌塘陆块与冈底斯陆块汇聚晚阶段, 又伴随有晚白垩世火山作用的发生, 该期火山作用与区内成矿岩体年龄相当, 可能为同一岩浆系统的产物. 关键字: 火山岩; 班公湖-怒江特提斯洋; 俯冲; 碰撞; 尕尔穷-嘎拉勒矿集区; 地球化学.   相似文献   

班公湖——怒江结合带改则地区洋岛组构模式与找矿重大发现——据西藏改则县1:5万I45E021005等六幅区调          下载免费PDF全文

彭头平  杨修明  褚慧力  林光隆 《中国地质调查》2015,2(2):12-23

西藏改则县1∶5万六幅区域地质矿产调查为班公湖—怒江成矿带地质矿产调查计划项目的子项目,项目研究区位于成矿带的西段。重新厘定了区内地层,将测区岩石地层划分为8组、16个段;进一步将区内划分残留海盆沉积区—蛇绿混杂堆积带—构造混杂岩带—洋岛—海山火山岩带—陆缘海盆沉积区—裂陷盆地—火山岩带—早期残留盆地沉积区的"七维一体"构造相组合;对区内原仲岗洋岛进行解体,发现洋岛组合"二层、三层结构",重新厘定了蛇绿混杂岩,发现了舍拉玛铜金多金属矿、洞措北镍金属矿2处矿产地。  相似文献   

居住形态分异视角下乡村聚落格局的演化机制     

刘卫平  魏朝富 《地理研究》2023,42(1):228-244

系统探究不同地域乡村聚落的演化机制是构建乡村聚落转型实践逻辑和理论体系的基础。居住形态是涵盖居住空间形态、生活形态和文化形态的综合概念,立足居住形态视角有望揭示乡村聚落格局演化机制及其地域差异的深层逻辑。本文遵循“现象描述—机制分析—典型区对比”的思路,以乡村聚落地域分异为切入点,从“人-地”和“人-人”关系视角探究了人类发展进程中乡村聚落格局演化的一般规律,据此构建居住形态的形成及其对乡村聚落格局演化的作用机制,并以散居和聚居形态主导的样区为对照进行实证研究。研究表明,居住形态是衍生于宏观乡村聚落格局演化过程的多尺度、多维性因子,二者均可从“人-地”关系和“人-人”关系双重视角进行阐释;居住文化形态具有较强的传承性,为乡村聚落格局演化提供了路径遵循和内生机制,乡村聚落格局可视为居住文化形态在乡村地域空间解译和扩散的结果;生产力进步与偶发性事件可导致居住形态发生变革,从而诱发乡村聚落格局演化机制的改变。面向乡村振兴战略,需重视居住形态的研究视角,系统探讨不同地域传统乡村聚落的运行机制、城镇化阶段的演化机制以及乡村振兴背景下治理策略的本质差异,为制定差异化的村落振兴方案提供参考。  相似文献   

A Model Simulation of Future Oceanic Conditions along the British Columbia Continental Shelf. Part II: Results and Analyses     

M.G.G. Foreman  W. Callendar  D. Masson  J. Morrison  I. Fine 《大气与海洋》2014,52(1):20-38

An ocean circulation model for the British Columbia continental shelf is run with future initial conditions and forcing fields downscaled from the North American Regional Climate Change Assessment Program archive. Average seasonal sea surface temperatures for the period 2065 to 2078 are projected to increase by between 0.5° and 2.0°C with respect to analogous averages from 1995 to 2008. Seasonal sea surface salinities are projected to decrease by as much as 2.0 over the same period, though there are some regions where and periods when small increases are projected. Though stronger winter winds result in larger Haida Eddies, slightly stronger summer winds along the western Vancouver Island shelf do not result in appreciable changes to either the cross-shelf upwelling or to the magnitude of Juan de Fuca Eddies or the timing of their formation. However, increased flows are projected in some seasons for the Rose Spit, Middle Bank, and Goose Island Bank eddies. More precipitation over the watersheds emptying into coastal waters produces larger freshwater discharges and, in particular, a stronger estuarine flow in Juan de Fuca Strait and a stronger Vancouver Island Coastal Current. Generally increasing winds and decreasing density mean that the winter minus summer range of sea surface heights is projected to increase all along the coast.  相似文献