陆相页岩地层地质-工程一体化水平井精确钻探技术——以松辽盆地吉页油1HF井为例          下载免费PDF全文

刘卫彬  徐兴友  张君峰  陈珊  白静  刘畅  李耀华 《中国地质》2022,49(6):1808-1822

【研究目的】陆相页岩油是中国能源重要的接替领域,长水平井精确钻探是实现页岩油商业开发的关键技术。但由于陆相页岩具有黏土矿物含量高、非均质性强、层理发育等特点,导致水平井井壁失稳严重、薄目标靶层精确导向困难等钻探技术难题。【研究方法】以松辽盆地南部青一段页岩为研究对象,综合利用地球化学、地球物理、岩石力学、地应力分析等手段,开展地质工程一体化研究。【研究结果】青一段上部页岩为层理型页岩不适合作为水平井穿行层段,青一段中下部纹层状页岩中的含油薄砂条兼具含油性、可钻性、可压性,可作为穿行目标层;页岩地层需选择强抑制KCL聚胺钻井液体系和油基钻井液体系实施水平井钻探,泥浆密度窗口随水平应力差和井轨迹倾角的增大而增高;测井GR和录井总烃可以精确反映目标靶层岩性非均质变化,结合高精度地球物理,可实时精确调控钻井轨迹。【结论】经应用实践,吉页油1HF井沿1.94m超薄目标靶层安全钻进1252m,钻遇率100%,实现了陆相页岩油长水平段精确钻探的技术突破,为吉页油1HF井获得高产工业油流奠定了基础,对中国同类型陆相页岩油长水平段精确钻探具有引领和借鉴意义。  相似文献   

煤层水平井中随钻电磁波仪器影响因素分析及电阻率模拟计算     

陈刚  张冀冠  李泉新  刘志毅 《煤田地质与勘探》2022,50(1):45-51

为掌握煤层水平井中随钻电磁波仪器探测影响因素,通过有限元数值模拟研究顶底板围岩电阻率、仪器偏心、煤层井眼垮塌和煤层厚度等因素对电阻率测量值的影响,分析高阻煤岩地层条件下幅度比和相位差计算的电阻率响应规律。在此基础上,建立三层地质数学模型,模拟不同发射频率情况下随钻电磁波仪器钻进煤层时,幅度比和相位差电阻率计算解析解和数值解的差异,以及煤层相对介电常数对幅度比和相位差计算的影响。模拟结果表明:幅度比和相位差计算的电阻率解析解和数值解符合度很高,但当电阻率大于100 Ω·m时,幅度比电阻率已经不能反映煤层的真实电阻率,所以在实际处理解释过程中用相位差电阻率要好些;高阻煤层不同发射频率情况下,电阻率数据主要对煤层电阻率敏感,对介电常数不敏感,只有在超高频时,介电常数才会对电磁波传播造成较大影响。   相似文献   

Geological evolution of offshore pollution and its long-term potential impacts on marine ecosystems     

《地学前缘(英文版)》2022,13(5):101427

Populations and metropolitan centers are accumulated in coastal areas around the world. In view of the fact that they are geographically adjacent to coasts and intense anthropogenic activities, increasing global offshore pollution has been an important worldwide concern over the past several decades and has become a very serious problem that needs to be addressed urgently. Due to offshore pollution, various geological disasters occur in high frequency, including intensified erosion and salinization of coastal soils, frequent geological collapses and landslides and increasing seismic activities. Moreover, offshore pollution shows increasingly serious impacts on the topography and geomorphology of offshore and coastal areas, including coastal degradation, retreating coastlines and estuary delta erosion. Offshore sedimentation processes are strongly influenced by the pH changes of terrestrial discharges, and sedimentary dynamics have become extremely acute and complex due to offshore pollution. The seabed topography and hydrodynamic environment determine the fate and transport of pollutants entering offshore regions. Coastal estuaries, port basins and lagoons that have relatively moderate ocean currents and winds are more likely to accumulate pollutants. Offshore regions and undersea canyons can be used as conduits for transporting pollutants from the continent to the seabed. It is particularly noteworthy that the spatial/temporal distribution of species, community structures, and ecological functions in offshore areas have undergone unprecedented changes in recent decades. Due to increasing offshore pollution, the stable succession and development trend of marine ecosystems has been broken. It is thus important to identify and regulate the quantity, composition and transportation of pollutants in offshore regions and their behavior in marine ecosystems. In particular, crucial actions for stabilizing marine ecosystems, including increasing species and biodiversity, should be implemented to enhance their anti-interference capabilities. This review provides an overview of the current situation of offshore pollution, as well as major trends of pollutant fate and transportation from continent to marine ecosystems, transformation of pollutants in sediments, and their bioaccumulation and diffusion. This study retrospectively reviews the long-term geological evolution of offshore pollution from the perspective of marine geology, and analyses their long-term potential impacts on marine ecosystems. Due to ecological risks associated with pollutants released from offshore sediments, more research on the influence of global offshore pollution based on marine geology is undoubtedly needed.  相似文献   

刚果钾盐钻探用钙镁基钻井液研究及应用     

熊正强 《地质与勘探》2023,59(6):1315-1323

在钾盐钻探过程中,采用常规水基钻井液普遍存在孔壁溶蚀扩径、岩心采取率低等问题。而采用油基钻井液虽然可以保证取心质量,但是成本高且环保性能差。因此,研究一种能高质量获取钾盐矿心且成本低的水基钻井液是极为必要的。基于前期钾盐钻探水基钻井液研究成果,针对刚果共和国光卤石型钾盐地层特点及绳索取心钻探要求,本文采用浸泡模拟实验和材料配伍性对比实验研究,攻关了抑制氯化钙、氯化镁和氯化钾溶解技术,研发了一套钙镁基钻井液配方,具体为：30%氯化镁+20%~30%氯化钙+1%锁水抑制剂+2%~3%钠膨润土+1.3%~1.6%接枝淀粉GSTP +0.4%~0.7%增黏剂GTQ+0.4%包被剂GBBJ。该钻井液具有良好的流变性、悬浮携带能力以及抑制光卤石和溢晶石溶解的能力。并且在刚果共和国奎卢省钾盐钻探工程成功应用,解决了以往使用常规水基钻井液出现的地层溶蚀和岩心采取质量差等问题,顺利完成钻探工作量3020余米,盐矿心采取率达98%以上,节约钻井液成本80%以上。钙镁基钻井液在光卤石型钾盐绳索取心钻探工程中的首次应用表明其可以完全替代油基钻井液,在钾盐钻探工程中具有广阔的推广应用前景。  相似文献   

中国大陆科学深钻发展的若干思考与建议     

邹长春  王成善  彭诚  伍操为  高远 《现代地质》2023,37(1):1-14

科学钻探是获取地球内部信息的最直接和最重要手段,在解决“向地球深部进军”战略科技问题上起着无可替代的作用。本文简要回顾国内外大陆科学钻探的发展历程和深钻的发展现状,分析大陆科学深钻发展特点与态势;围绕中国大陆科学深钻,梳理其关键科学技术问题、面临的挑战与机遇;在此基础上提出中国大陆科学深钻发展的目标、优先发展方向与发展途径建议。大陆科学深钻能够为地球动力学过程、地质灾害、地质资源和环境变化等全球关注的地球科学前沿问题提供独特的研究途径,但是其实施深度又受超高温和超高压等恶劣井眼环境的制约;现代科学技术的进步有力促进了大陆科学深钻中各项技术的发展,为超深井和特深井科学钻探提供重要支撑。中国大陆科学深钻应以9000～15000 m特深井为目标,注重“超深”“深时”和“深观”等领域的科学问题,优先发展地球深部构造、深部生命、深时气候和深部资源探测等方向,研究超深物质、动力学过程和岩石物理等实验技术,研发超高温超高压环境下的钻井、测井和长期观测等技术与装备,促使我国深地探测能力和水平实现一次飞跃。  相似文献   

日本苫小牧CO₂海底地质封存监测技术分析及其启示     

许晓艺  李琦  谭永胜  刘桂臻  李霞颖 《高校地质学报》2023,29(1):13-24

海洋二氧化碳捕集、利用与封存(CCUS)是应对全球气候变化、减排温室气体CO₂的关键技术之一,也是实现中国碳中和目标愿景解决方案的重要组成部分。中国近海沉积盆地封存潜力巨大,2022年中国首个CO₂海底地质封存示范工程已在南海珠江口盆地咸水层中正式启动。日本苫小牧咸水层封存项目作为迄今为止亚洲最成功的海底封存项目,其CO₂封存监测工作为我国离岸封存项目的开展提供了重要的实践参考及技术指导。文章全面回顾了苫小牧CCS项目案例情况,对项目执行、场地监测内容及布点、监测设施及技术、监测结果等进行分析,总结苫小牧CCS项目的成功经验,以及陆—井—海结合一体化的多层次、全方位的监测体系,旨在助力中国海上CO₂封存项目顺利运行,确保海洋生态环境安全。  相似文献   

EFFECTS OF SST, VWS, AND DCC UPON RAPID INTENSIFICATION OF OFF-SHORE TYPHOONS IN CHINA SEAS     

郑峰  岳彩军  陈佩燕  曾智华  雷小途  陈联寿  张灵杰 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(1):11-23

In this study, we employed National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) reanalysis data and records from the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Yearbook of Tropical Cyclones to investigate three factors: sea-surface temperature(SST), vertical wind shear(VWS),and the density of the core convection(DCC), which are responsible for the rapid intensification(RI) of 1949-2013 offshore typhoons. Our analysis results of these composite factors show that in the environmental wind field the typhoons are far away from the outer strong VWS; in the SST field they are in the high SST area; and the core convective activity is robust and takes a bimodal pattern. The difference in RI between typhoons over the East China Sea(ECS) and the South China Sea(SCS) is a smaller VWS for the ECS typhoons, which may be one of the reasons why typhoons in the ECS are more intense than those in the SCS. Our study results indicate that SST, VWS, and DCC can result in an RI after a certain time interval of 36 h, 24 h to 30 h, and 24 h, respectively. The RI indicates a lag in the atmospheric response to oceanic conditions. This lag characteristic makes it possible to predict RI events. In summary, where the SST is high(≥28 ℃), the VWS is small, and the DCC is high, an RI will occur. Where mid-range SSTs occur(26 ℃≤SST≤28 ℃), with small VWS, and high DCC, the RI of typhoons is also likely to occur.  相似文献   

抗高温泡沫钻井液体系评价研究     

任小庆 《地质与勘探》2021,57(2):423-429

高温地热钻井过程中,温度会对泡沫钻井液体系稳定性造成影响。针对高温地热井泡沫钻井液的技术要点,分别对发泡剂、稳泡剂、抗温土的优选,在此基础之上分别对泡沫钻井液的抗高温性能、抗污染能力进行了评价。实验结果表明:(1)优选出的发泡剂/聚合物/粘土体系在不同温度下进行测试,均具有良好的泡沫稳定性和发泡能力,说明初步形成的泡沫体系具有良好的抗230℃高温的能力。(2)通过模拟欠平衡钻进过程中地热水对泡沫钻井液体系的污染发现,该体系耐一价盐能达到20%,而且在加入5%CaCl_2后析液半衰期仍在5 min以上,最终形成一套抗高温能力可达230℃,具有较好悬浮携带能力的地热井抗高温环保钻井液体系。  相似文献   

半干旱草原浅覆盖区手持钻机化探取样技术的应用及探索     

周增辉 《地质与勘探》2021,57(2):360-369

浅层钻探技术是覆盖区化探取样技术研究的新方向。手持钻机是轻便钻机的一种。为了探索手持钻机的化探取样效果,以内蒙古拜仁达坝银铅锌矿区为代表的大兴安岭南部半干旱草原浅覆盖区作为研究区,采用回转式和冲击式手持钻机开展浅钻化探取样试验,分析该方法相对于常规化探方法的优势。结果表明,浅钻化探取样具有方便快捷、效率较高、成本较低等优点。通过对比两类钻机的钻进、取样工艺及效果,分析总结两类钻机对于草原覆盖区不同覆盖物的适用性及存在问题,为覆盖区浅钻化探技术和取样钻机的发展和推广提供借鉴和参考。  相似文献   

永磁直驱变频泥浆泵在雄安地热钻井中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

李超  刘家荣  郭坤  刘文武  王玉超 《探矿工程》2021,48(2):100-103

泥浆泵作为钻井主要配套设备,在钻井施工中起着至关重要作用。目前大功率电动泥浆泵中多以交流异步电机驱动,气胎离合器、中间车、皮带轮减速的传动方式驱动泥浆泵。随着地热（干热岩）、页岩气等陆域清洁能源及深部资源勘探开发的需要,对大功率电动泥浆泵也提出了更高的要求。为此,在分析了雄安项目地热钻井的需求后,采用永磁变频电机直接驱动F-1300泥浆泵的小齿轮轴,具有传动结构简单、无级调速、节省能源、控制精度高的优势,适应了现代地热钻井技术的发展,提高了钻机的整体水平和作业能力,提高了钻井效率和质量。  相似文献