Stable carbon isotope ratios in lake and swamp sediments as a proxy for prehistoric forest clearance and crop cultivation in the Neotropics   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Chad S. Lane  Sally P. Horn  Claudia I. Mora 《Journal of Paleolimnology》2004,32(4):375-381

Close correspondence between stable carbon isotope ratios ( ¹³ C), pollen, and charcoal profiles in sediment cores from Laguna Zoncho and Machita swamp, Costa Rica, shows that prehistoric forest clearance and crop cultivation can be detected in the stable carbon isotope ratios of total organic carbon ( ¹3C _TOC ). Analyses of δ 13C _TOC complement evidence from pollen, charcoal, and phytoliths and provide a proxy that is sensitive to the intensity and/or proximity to core sites of prehistoric forest clearance and agriculture in watersheds. Stable carbon isotope analyses are particularly useful in situations in which other evidence of forest clearance and agriculture is limited.  相似文献   

Geomorphological effects of plate movement during Quaternary in China'' s tropics     

ZHANG Weiqiang  HUANG Zhenguo 《地理学报(英文版)》2004,(2)

China'stropicsliesintheregionsouthofabout24oN,occupyinganareaofabout51.85×104km2(5.4%ofChina).InChina,thistropicalregionisquiteclosetotheeasternandwesternconvergentboundariesbetweentwoplatessothatthegeomorphologicaleffectsofplatetectonicsaremoreobviousthanthoseinnorthernChina.Thisstudywillpresentsevenexamplesofappearanceofplatemovementingeomorphology.1ThesourceoftectonicforceTheregionofChina'stropicsundergoesconvergingattackfromeasternandwestern"fronts"ofplatemovement.Thewesternfrontofther…  相似文献   

Organic carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in the intertidal sediments from the Yangtze Estuary, China   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

Liu M  Hou LJ  Xu SY  Ou DN  Yang Y  Yu J  Wang Q 《Marine pollution bulletin》2006,52(12):1625-1633

The natural isotopic compositions and C/N elemental ratios of sedimentary organic matter were determined in the intertidal flat of the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that the ratios of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes were respectively −29.8‰ to − 26.0‰ and 1.6‰–5.5‰ in the flood season (July), while they were −27.3‰ to − 25.6‰ and 1.7‰–7.8‰ in the dry season (February), respectively. The δ¹³C signatures were remarkably higher in July than in February, and gradually increased from the freshwater areas to the brackish areas. In contrast, there were relatively complex seasonal and spatial changes in stable nitrogen isotopes. It was also reflected that δ¹⁵N and C/N compositions had been obviously modified by organic matter diagenesis and biological processing, and could not be used to trace the sources of organic matter at the study area. In addition, it was considered that the mixing inputs of terrigenous and marine materials generally dominated sedimentary organic matter in the intertidal flat. The contribution of terrigenous inputs to sedimentary organic matter was roughly estimated according to the mixing balance model of stable carbon isotopes.  相似文献   

起始方位角误差对附合导线平差结果的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张景湘  马捷  赵龙平 《测绘科学技术学报》2006,23(1):62-64,68

附合导线是工程测量中最常见的布网形式.结合附合导线平差过程,文中用真误差分析方法推导了起始方位角误差对附合导线平差结果的影响公式;通过分析与数据计算,得到了起始方位角误差对平差后导线点坐标和导线边方位角的影响规律;并与测角误差影响进行比较,得出了起始方位角误差影响可忽略的条件,对导线测量的理论研究与生产实践具有参考意义.  相似文献   

Relationship of topography to surface water chemistry with particular focus on nitrogen and organic carbon solutes within a forested watershed in Hokkaido,Japan     

Akiko Ogawa  Hideaki Shibata  Kei Suzuki  Myron J. Mitchell  Yoshiyuki Ikegami 《水文研究》2006,20(2):251-265

We studied the relationships between streamwater chemistry and the topography of subcatchments in the Dorokawa watershed in Hokkaido Island, northern Japan, to examine the use of topography as a predictor of streamwater chemistry in a watershed with relatively moderate terrain compared with other regions of Japan. Topographic characteristics of the Dorokawa watershed and its subcatchments were expressed as topographic index (TI) values, which ranged from 4·5 to 20·4 for individual grid cells (50 × 50 m²), but averaged from 6·4 to 7·4 for the 20 subcatchments. Streamwater samples for chemical analyses were collected four times between June and October 2002 from 20 locations in the watershed. The pH of water that passed through the watershed increased from ～5·0 to 7·0, with major increases in Na⁺ and Ca²⁺ and marked decreases in NO₃^? and SO . Distinctive spatial patterns were observed for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and NO₃^? concentrations of streamwater across the watershed. Statistical analyses indicated significant linear relationships between the average TI values of subcatchments and DOC, DON, and NO₃^? concentrations. Furthermore, the proportion of DOC in streamwaters in the wet season increased with TI values relative to other nitrogen species, whereas NO₃^? concentrations decreased with TI. The gradients of soil wetness and the presence of wetlands explained many of the observed spatial and temporal patterns of DOC, DON, and NO₃^? concentrations in the surface waters of the Dorokawa watershed. Our results suggest that the TI is especially useful for predicting the spatial distribution of DOC, DON and NO₃^? in the surface waters of Hokkaido, where topographical relief is moderate and wetlands more common than in other regions of Japan. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

高分辨率机载SAR影像判读实验   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

肖洲  赵争  黄国满 《测绘科学》2006,31(2):42-43

近年来机载SAR系统在国内得到快速发展。由于SAR系统具有不同于光学传感器的成像机理,因而可以提供全新的数据获取手段和不同的地物信息。利用高分辨率机载SAR影像进行解译时必须熟悉其成像机理和图像信息特点,充分了解SAR图像解译标志的特点和各类地物的解译规律。本文以高分辨率机载SAR数据为基础,对比光学影像,从SAR成像特点和地物散射特性出发,对SAR影像进行了目视解译,分析了SAR影像在地形地物要素识别中的应用潜力。  相似文献   

运用地统计学的土壤有机碳含量空间分布研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马黄群  胡玉福  徐柱  卢彩霞  李木梓 《地理空间信息》2012,(3):75-77,80

运用GIS地统计、缓冲区分析、叠置分析等方法,初步研究了西昌市邛海盆地土壤有机碳空间变异特征及主要影响因素。分析结果表明,研究区土壤样本,呈正态分布,属中等变异强度,高值区位于主城区东南部和邛海海域东南部,低值区位于邛海海域东北部,并向西北方向递增。不同土壤质地其含量显著不同,中性条件下,其含量较高;不同缓冲区范围内,其含量表现出相应的相关性。  相似文献   

河湖水系连通特征及其利弊   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

夏军  高扬  左其亭  刘晓洁  陈庆美  窦明 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):26-31

随着水资源以及水环境健康的恶化,河湖水系连通性作为河流健康以及提高水资源利用的一个重要指标在国家＂十二五＂战略规划中被着重提出。目前,中国对河湖水系连通特征及其对河流健康的影响缺乏足够的认识,本文主要对河湖水系连通的定义、分类、评判指标、影响因素及其对水环境健康的影响进行了一一阐述。分析表明：维持水系连通可以明显地改善...  相似文献   

中国区域土地利用/覆被变化对陆地碳收支的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

付超  于贵瑞  方华军  王秋凤 《地理科学进展》2012,31(1):88-96

准确估计土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）对陆地生态系统碳收支的影响已成为当前全球变化和全球碳循环研究的重点内容。本文通过文献调研和数据的整合分析方法总结讨论了近年来中国区域LUCC时空特征及其对陆地碳收支影响,为合理评价中国区域陆地碳平衡以及确定未来研究发展方向提供参考。已有大量研究对近年来中国区域LUCC主要特征进行了探讨,并分别利用卫星遥感方法和IPCC清单法对中国区域陆地碳源汇影响进行了评估。结果表明,目前全国土地利用活动,特别是农林活动正对陆地生态系统碳收支产生了比较显著的积极作用,但基于以上两种方法的研究结论之间差异很大,反映出中国LUCC导致陆地碳收支变化的评估结果仍存在着较大的不确定性。通过分析认为,中国未来的研究工作应着重于发展和利用基于土地利用相互转化面积的计量方法,以提高对中国区域LUCC导致陆地碳收支变化评估的准确性。  相似文献   

基于²¹⁰Pb测年法的楚科奇海陆架北缘有机碳沉积通量研究          下载免费PDF全文

余雯何建华  李奕良苏健 《极地研究》2012,24(4):391-396

有机碳沉积作用在一定时间尺度上形成海洋碳汇作用的最终净效应,北冰洋陆架的有机碳沉积作用在全球碳循环中有着尤为重要的地位。为了测定楚科奇海陆架的有机碳沉积通量,本文应用210Pb测年法对中国第3次北极考察R17站位的沉积物样品的年龄及沉积速率进行了分析测定,并结合表层沉积物中有机碳的含量计算得到了楚科奇海陆架北缘的有机碳沉积通量。结果显示,该站位的沉积速率为0.6 mm/a,表观沉积质量通量为0.72 kg/m2/a,有机碳沉积通量为517 mmol C/m2/a。经估算,真光层输出的有机碳中约有29 %被长期封存在沉积物中,远高于中低纬度的正常值（~10 %）,说明楚科奇海陆架区具有高效的碳汇作用。  相似文献