Oysters and Tsunami: Iterative Learning and Nested Governance as Resilience in Post-Disaster Aquaculture in Hokkaido,Japan     

Takeshi Ito  Takehiro Watanabe 《社会与自然资源》2019,32(4):400-416

This article examines how a community of oyster farmers in Hokkaido, Japan recovered from the 2011 Tōhoku Earthquake and Tsunami, which damaged their aquaculture in Lake Akkeshi. It focuses on how, over the years, nested governance structures facilitated iterative learning, which helped build resilience against unexpected external crises. Drawing on adaptive management and resilience studies, this study examines the historical development of the local fishery cooperative association (FCA) as a series of responses to socio-ecological disasters — responses that this article characterizes as iterative learning. During the recovery after the 2011 tsunami, the FCA functioned as an information hub that directed the flow of knowledge and resources through government and industrial hierarchies, to the benefit of the farmers. This research, conducted between 2015 and 2017, is based on interviews with farmers, cooperative administrators, and government officials, as well as an analysis of archived records, fishery regulations and post-disaster subsidy programs.  相似文献   

牡蛎软体中抗菌蛋白的制备及活性研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王春波  兰晓明  王洪江  牟茜  孙谧 《海洋与湖沼》2010,41(1):33-38

采用超滤法、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法、CM-Sepharose FF阳离子交换柱层析法等对牡蛎软体中抗菌蛋白(Antibacterial protein,AP)进行分离纯化,并采用体外实验观察其对常见致病菌的抗菌作用。结果表明,此蛋白分子量在16.4—39kDa,蛋白质含量≥70%。抗菌蛋白对生孢梭菌、白色念珠菌、变形杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠埃希氏菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯杆菌、肠球菌、不动菌属均有较强的抗菌作用,MIC范围在0.125—32.0μg/ml之间,MBC范围在0.250—1.00mg/ml之间。以透射电镜观察AP对大肠杆菌的作用,提示AP可能通过作用于菌体细胞壁,发挥其抗菌作用。  相似文献   

渤海湾全新世牡蛎礁:时空分布和海面变化标志点   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

王海峰  裴艳东  刘会敏  范昌福  王宏 《地质通报》2011,30(9):1396-1404

以他人和本研究小组对渤海湾西北岸牡蛎礁平原、毗邻浅海区的全新世埋藏牡蛎礁和现生牡蛎礁的研究为基础,重新考订了与礁体有关的数据的沉积学意义及年龄,进一步厘定了牡蛎礁的形成时间、礁体顶板和底板的高度.在原有的9个礁群的基础上,增加了目前发现的最老的早全新世晚期礁群;在沿海低地新发现的滨海湖、空港牡蛎礁,暂作为北淮淀礁群的亚...  相似文献   

Monthly Changes of Glycogen, Lipid and Free Amino Acid of Oyster     

ZHANG Zhicui XUEChanghu GAO Xin LI Zhaojie WANG Qi 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(3):257-262

Monthly difference of the chemical composition of oyster cultured along the eastern coast of Shandong Province was analyzed. The components analyzed included glycogen, fatty acid and free amino acid （FAA）. The content of glycogen was high in January and March （2.89 and 2.82 g（100 g） ^-1 on average, respectively） and low in October （2.07g（100g）^- 1 on average）. The low content of neutral lipids in October reflected a relatively poor nutritional value of oyster （1.42 g（ 100 g）^- 1 on average）. The main fatty acids of oyster were palmitic acid （16：0）, oleic acid （18： 1）, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA, 20： 5（0 3） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA, 22：6（0 3）. The major FAAs of oyster were Taurine, Glutamicacid, Glycin, Alanine, Arginine and Proline. Taurine was the most abundant FAA with its content ranging from 603 mg（100 g） ^-1 to 1 139 mg（ 100 g） ^-1. The high contents of glycogen, polyunsaturated fatty acid and FAA showed that oyster cultured along the eastern coast of Shandong Province was nutritionally good in January and March.  相似文献   

Changes in the Contents of ATP and Its Related Breakdown Compounds in Various Tissues of Oyster During Frozen Storage     

WANG Qi XUE Changhu LI Zhaojie FU Xueyan XU Jie XUE Yong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(4):407-412

The changes in the contents of adenosine 5’-triphosphate (ATP) and its related breakdown compounds were investigated in the adductor muscle, mantle, gill and body trunk of oyster (Crassostrea gigas) during frozen storage at -20℃ and -30℃ and compared with that of the fresh oyster. The investigation was performed using an HPLC system. Different extents of ATP decomposi- tion were found in various tissues frozen at the two temperatures. The K, K’ and A.E.C values were calculated as the chemical fresh- ness indices. Considering the results of sensory evaluation, the A.E.C. value in body trunk at -20℃ and -30℃ could be used as the best freshness index for frozen oyster.  相似文献   

珠母贝、亲贝人工促熟培育与催产的研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

邓陈茂  尹国荣  符韶  黄海立  谢仁政 《广东海洋大学学报》2005,25(1):14-16

从23 ~24℃开始,每4~5d升高水温1℃,终至26~27℃,并用亚心形扁藻(Platymonassubcordiformis)、三角褐指藻(Phaeodactylartriconrutum)及辅助饲料投喂培育,促进珠母贝[Pinctadamargaritifera(Linne) ]亲贝性腺发育成熟。用阴干刺激、异性产物刺激及浓扁藻液结合诱导,催产率达100%。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)贝壳与外套膜中黑色素的提取和鉴定   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

于文超  何成  武长路  王娇  李壮  郭婷  李永川  王晓通 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(4):909-914

为了提取和鉴定长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)贝壳与外套膜中的黑色物质,选取贝壳与外套膜颜色均为黑色的长牡蛎,将贝壳及外套膜进行粉碎、盐酸水解、水浴加热、乙醚抽脂,从3份贝壳中提取出3份黑色固体物质,从3份外套膜中提取出3份黑色固体物质,将提取的黑色固体溶解于0.01m L/L氢氧化钠水溶液中,在150—500 nm的范围内测定紫外吸收光谱,发现其最大吸收峰在210 nm左右,随着波长增加,其吸光值迅速大幅度下降,与公认的黑色素紫外吸收光谱特征一致,从而首次确定长牡蛎贝壳与外套膜中的黑色物质为黑色素。  相似文献   

太平洋牡蛎中Cg-IL-17和Cg-TGF-β的表达及其免疫作用的研究     

董洪亮  刘乃国  倪娜  李彩玉  郑静  苗双 《海洋学报》2015,37(2):104-110

目的:探讨Cg-IL-17和Cg-TGF-β在太平洋牡蛎中表达的组织定位、免疫作用及其可能的机制。方法:采用Real-time PCR、原位杂交和图像分析的方法进行研究。结果:实时定量PCR研究表明,Cg-IL-17和Cg-TGF-β在弧菌感染后的太平洋牡蛎的鳃、外套膜、心包液、唇须、消化道和闭壳肌中表达明显增强。原位杂交实验结果表明,Cg-IL-17和Cg-TGF-β在未染菌组牡蛎的消化道、消化腺、鳃、唇须、外套膜中都有表达;染菌组以上各组织中的Cg-IL-17和Cg-TGF-β表达量均有显著增高,而消化道、消化腺中的表达量明显高于其他组织,闭壳肌中也均有微弱表达;感染弧菌前后两种基因在性腺中均未见表达。相关性分析发现这两种基因表达量在唇须和外套膜中具有明显的相关性。结论:Cg-IL-17和Cg-TGF-β具有多种生物学效应,且都参与了太平洋牡蛎的固有免疫反应;消化道可能是牡蛎主要的免疫反应器官之一;Cg-IL-17和Cg-TGF-β在唇须和外套膜中可能存在调控关系或协同作用。  相似文献   

The incentives of a resource owner: Evidence from a private oyster fishery     

《Marine Policy》2015

European flat oyster Ostrea edulis fisheries were once abundant around the UK coastline. The sole remaining productive O. edulis fishery in Scotland is in Loch Ryan. This fishery has been privately owned and managed by a single family since 1701. Economic theory predicts that ownership, whether public or private, is a necessary condition for rational fishery management. In this paper, a series of four leases and a licence are examined, covering an 85-year period over the 20th and 21st century, to examine whether the management of the Loch Ryan fishery conforms to the expected norms of rational management. The leases show that, over this period, the owners appear more willing to expend resources on regulating tenant behaviour, supporting the conclusion that successive generations of owners developed an evolving sense of what “rational management” might require. The results of this study could inform the management of other fisheries – both public and private – by emphasising the importance of learning from experience.  相似文献   

Saldanha Bay,South Africa III: new production and carrying capacity for bivalve aquaculture     

TA Probyn  JF Atkins  GC Pitcher 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(4):521-531

Measurements of NH₄, NO₃, urea and HCO₃ uptake using 15N and 13C stable isotope tracers were undertaken in Saldanha Bay, South Africa, between January 2012 and January 2013. These studies provide the first direct measurements of N utilisation by the plankton in the bay. Primary production in the bay is driven predominantly by the advection of nutrients from the neighbouring shelf environment during upwelling events, with terrestrial and other sources providing minor inputs. New production (NO₃-based) was calculated from the f-ratio and total primary production and was used to provide estimates of potential carrying capacity for bivalve culture. Despite the apparent light limitation of NO3 uptake in the winter, the availability of NO₃ appeared to exert the major influence on new production throughout the year. In addition, new production was modulated by NH₄ availability as shown by the suppression of NO₃ uptake by concentrations higher than 1?1.5?mmol m^?3. The estimated areal new production of 0.60?g C m^?2 d^?1 yielded a bay-wide annual estimate of 9 811 t C ha^?1 y^?1, slightly higher than previous calculations based on physical models. It is estimated that the total annual production of mussels and oysters, respectively, for a 1 000-ha cultivation area is approximately 40 000–53 000 t y^?1 (mainly Mytilus galloprovincialis) and 4 600–6 000 t y^?1 (Crassotrea gigas). The combined total production figures constitute only 24–31% of the surplus new production. A combined harvestable carrying capacity of 74 000–82 000 t y^?1 can be calculated from this surplus. However, from a management and ecological perspective, bivalve culture should be limited to well below this theoretical maximum. Even with this constraint, there appears to be considerable scope for expansion of bivalve farming over the modest, present levels with little jeopardy to ecological integrity.  相似文献