牡蛎壳改性及联合释氧复合材料修复地下水氨氮污染实验研究     

吴福贤  李玮  李水云  陈晓丹  谢林伸  成功  常旭  陈纯兴  韩龙 《现代地质》2022,36(2):583-590

为研究以牡蛎壳-释氧复合材料为填料的渗透反应格栅去除地下水氨氮污染的效果及其经济实用性,开展了相关室内实验:采用高温加热方式对牡蛎壳进行改性,通过测定牡蛎壳改性后的比表面积判定其吸附效果;以过氧化钙为释氧化合物,将其与水泥、石英砂/牡蛎壳粒、钙基膨润土以一定比例混合制成粒径约1.8 cm球型释氧材料,采用静态实验研究不同原料配比的释氧材料的释氧性能;最后研究了两种不同粒径牡蛎壳粒-释氧复合材料修复地下水氨氮的效果及不同供氧方式下不同吸附材料修复地下水氨氮的效果及其经济实用性。结果表明:对牡蛎壳粒进行高温改性,牡蛎壳粒高温条件下会产生团聚现象,比表面积随煅烧温度升高呈下降趋势,高温改性方式并不能有效改善牡蛎壳粒吸附性能;实验中制作的释氧材料在95天的实验期间,各实验柱的溶解氧量可以保持在18 mg/L左右,且在嗜碱菌作用下pH值得以有效降低,所制作的释氧材料可为硝化细菌长期在溶解氧低的地下水环境中生长提供氧气;以牡蛎壳-释氧复合材料为填料的渗透反应格栅通过耐碱硝化细菌的硝化作用可以将氨氮浓度从50 mg/L降至约35 mg/L,不同粒径牡蛎壳粒修复效果差异不明显。使用牡蛎壳-释氧复合材料渗透反应格栅长期修复地下水氨氮,不仅可以达到活性炭及沸石作为骨架的修复效果,而且更加具有经济实用性。  相似文献   

牡蛎幼虫光照实验提示复杂遗传背景下基因互作的多样性     

徐彩丽  许飞  王娇  武长路  于文超  王晓通 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):571-576

为研究光照对牡蛎幼虫生长成活率的影响,使用6组牡蛎幼虫家系,前三组为长牡蛎家系(GG1、GG2、GG3),后三组为长牡蛎与葡萄牙牡蛎杂交家系(GA1、GA2、GA3),其中GG1与GA1母本相同,GG2与GA2母本相同,GG3与GA3母本相同;每个家系分别在6个光照梯度下从1日龄饲养到10日龄,然后测量记录10日龄幼虫在各个光照梯度下的壳高和成活率。结果表明,在各个光照梯度下,牡蛎幼虫的壳高都没有显著差异,长牡蛎幼虫与杂交牡蛎幼虫之间的壳高也都没有显著差异,但长牡蛎幼虫和杂交牡蛎幼虫均在58 lx的光照强度下,表现出最高的成活率,这提示牡蛎育苗生产的前10天应当保持这样的光照强度,而杂交牡蛎幼虫在269 lx和58 lx两个光照梯度下的成活率均极显著的高于长牡蛎幼虫,提示了长牡蛎与葡萄牙牡蛎之间具有亲和性并且其杂交后代存在杂种优势,也在一定程度上支持长牡蛎与葡萄牙牡蛎同属一个物种的假设。而以壳高和成活率作为指标进行聚类分析和主成分分析后发现,长牡蛎3个家系幼虫的表型比较接近,而杂交牡蛎幼虫的表型虽然具有靠近各自同母本长牡蛎幼虫的趋势,但杂交家系之间差异非常大,提示了高杂合度高异质性遗传背景下基因互作的多样性。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)两个Dmrt家族基因的时空表达     

张娜  黄雯  许飞  李莉  张国范  郭希明 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(3):717-724

本文以长牡蛎27个幼虫发育阶段个体以及成体的5个组织织作为实验材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术对其Dmrt家族中的2个基因(CgDsx和CgDmrtA2)的表达模式以及在性别决定中的作用进行了研究。结果表明,长牡蛎CgDsx基因在胚胎发育初期有大量表达,从囊胚期到担轮幼虫初期表达量最高,之后表达量开始降低,在D形幼虫后一直维持在极低的表达水平,此后仅在成体的雄性性腺中具有高度表达。由此可见,CgDsx可能也对早期胚胎发育起一定调控作用,同时参与了性别决定。CgDmrtA2在长牡蛎所有组织中均有表达,各组织间表达差异不显著,在D形幼虫至壳顶后期表达量较高,说明它参与了胚胎中后期的发育过程,可能与神经的形成相关,但是其具体功能还需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)水通道蛋白基因AQP1的克隆、分子特性和表达分析     

万茜  张扬  张跃环  喻子牛 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(5):1078-1087

水通道蛋白1(Aquaporin1,AQP1)是一类通过渗透梯度将水或一些小的中性分子快速穿过细胞膜的通道蛋白。通过RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆获得了香港牡蛎AQP1基因全长,并命名为Ch AQP1(Gen Bank登录号:KJ704847)。该基因全长1153bp,开放阅读框长度为888bp,编码295个氨基酸残基。Ch AQP1基因包括1个保守的MIP结构域、6个跨膜区、5个连接环、2个NPA(Asn-Pro-Ala)基序和选择性水孔构件ar/R(aromatic/arginine)。系统学分析表明Ch AQP1属于AQP1-like型水通道蛋白。m RNA组织分布结果显示,Ch AQP1在各个组织中均有表达,其中在闭壳肌和外套膜中表达量相对较高。利用实时定量PCR分析高、低盐胁迫下其在鳃中的表达模式,结果表明,Ch AQP1 m RNA表达量在低盐处理下基本没有太大变化;在高盐胁迫下,第1天(P0.01)、第3天和第5天(P0.05)显著下调;这说明Ch AQP1基因参与了香港牡蛎的渗透压平衡调节。  相似文献   

长牡蛎(Crassostrea gigas)中ChIP-seq 方法的建立     

展望  王文  施威扬 《海洋与湖沼》2015,46(6):1557-1563

染色质免疫共沉淀技术(ChIP)作为研究DNA 结合蛋白与DNA 相互作用最有力的工具, 越 来越受到重视。但目前该技术在牡蛎等贝类中的应用尚未见相关报道。为了研究长牡蛎早期胚胎发 育过程中表观遗传信息的变化模式, 本文在长牡蛎胚胎中探索并建立了一套完整的染色质免疫共沉 淀方法, 构建了高质量的高通量测序文库, 首次获得了牡蛎全基因组水平的组蛋白H3K4me3 修饰分 布, 从而为研究牡蛎的表观遗传调控奠定了基础。  相似文献   

Introduced Pacific oysters Crassostrea gigas in South Africa: demographic change,genetic diversity and body condition     

J Keightley  S von der Heyden 《African Journal of Marine Science》2015,37(1):89-98

Successful aquaculture species are often chosen for their fast growth rates and fecundity, which are also characteristics of invasive species. The Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas, which constitutes 80% of global oyster trade, has been confirmed as invasive in 17 of the 66 countries where it is cultured. The single study of its status in South Africa reported populations in six South Coast estuaries in 2001, dropping to three sites in 2003. We resurveyed these estuaries, visited others in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces, and sampled oyster tissue for molecular analyses of population structure. Pacific oysters have disappeared from Knysna and, following our collections, possibly also from the GouKou Estuary. Between 2003 and 2012, the Breede Estuary population decreased by 87%, from an estimated 184 206 to 23 760 individuals. Within this estuary, oysters 12 km upriver had denser shells and higher body condition indices than did those within 1.4 km of the river mouth, presumably reflecting higher availability of suspended organic matter. However, low salinity over most of the species’ range in the estuary probably inhibits recruitment. New populations of Pacific oysters in the Swartkops and Kaaimans estuaries urgently require monitoring and eradication. Haplotype (h) and nucleotide (π) diversities across all oyster populations sampled (h = 0.2300 [SD 0.0595], π = 0.0006 [SD 0.0007]) were lower than those of co-occurring indigenous Cape rock oysters Striostrea margaritacea from the GouKou and Breede estuaries (h = 0.9076 [SD 0.0386], π = 0.00589 [SD 0.00347]). Pacific oysters either have been introduced to South African estuaries infrequently, or have experienced genetic bottlenecks following river floods or human exploitation, or both. Populations growing outside culture infrastructure are restricted to estuaries in the Eastern and Western Cape provinces, with no evidence of occurrence in fully marine shelf environments. Given the species’ considerable socio-economic importance, estuarine and coastal surveillance coupled with aquaculture zoning are required to integrate biodiversity and food security considerations.  相似文献   

福建深沪湾地区古生物奇观成因研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

陈斯盾  陈润生  石建基  梁诗经 《福建地质》2006,25(3):121-131

通过对深沪湾地区晚更新世以来东部与西部阶地对比研究,证明了在深沪湾地区全新世以来活动断层的存在,从而为古生物奇观———古森林与古牡蛎礁共生的成因解译提供了新证据。同时在对深沪湾地区晚更新世以来的地层及新构造等综合研究基础上,提出了深沪湾的古森林与古牡蛎礁共生是海平面升降与新构造活动的共同作用下形成的认识。  相似文献   

Cellular responses of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, to metal-contaminated sediments     

A. H. Ringwood  D. E. Conners  C. J. Keppler 《Marine environmental research》1999,48(4-5)

Elevation of metal concentrations in coastal environments associated with anthropogenic enrichment pose a significant threat to estuarine organisms. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationships between cellular responses that may be potentially valuable as indicators of chronic stress and metal-contaminated sediments. For these studies, hatchery-reared juvenile oysters were deployed in situ at 15 sites for approximately 1 month around Charleston Harbor, SC. The effects on lysosomal destabilization and glutathione concentrations were determined; and the relationships between the cellular responses and sediment metal concentrations were described. Both single metal and multiple metal parameters (based on total metal concentrations, aluminum normalizations, and summed sediment quality guidelines) were considered. Generally, significant correlations were observed for individual metal analytes and multiple metal parameters. Since many of the individual metal analytes covary, the responses may reflect overall contaminant loading rather than responses to individual metals. Methods for estimating overall contaminant loading based on multiple analytes provide a more realistic estimate of potential adverse effects.  相似文献   

The Role of Suspended Oyster Culture on Nitrogen Cycle in Hiroshima Bay   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Putth Songsangjinda  Osamu Matsuda  Tamiji Yamamoto  Narasimmalu Rajendran  Hajime Maeda 《Journal of Oceanography》2000,56(2):223-231

The predominance of bivalves affects the cycle of materials in the coastal ecosystem. In the present study, the role of suspended oyster culture on the nitrogen cycle was demonstrated for the northern Hiroshima Bay. The nitrogen cycle was considered as two systems, (1) the primary production (PP) system and (2) the oyster culture (OC) system. The results show that about 26% of N productivity was supplied to process by cultured oysters in the OC system. This process varies seasonally due to the seasonal variations of PON, physiological activities and biomass of oysters. The N processing rates were found to be high in summer and low in winter. The biodeposition and excretion of N in the OC system are 3.0 and 2.1 ton N d^–1, while the natural sedimentation rate and N regeneration in the PP system are 8.3 and 18.0 ton N d^–1, which indicates that the PP system is a major system regenerating N in the water column. The release of total dissolved N from the bottom to the water column is about 8.3 ton N d^–1. The amount of N harvested as oyster product was about 1.3 ton N d^–1, which is about 10% of daily N loading in north Hiroshima Bay. According to the N cycle developed in the present study, the results suggest the significant role of suspended oyster culture on the nitrogen cycle in Hiroshima Bay. In addition, our results indicate that oyster production was efficiently harvested, suggesting that oyster culture could probably be used as a tool to remove N from Hiroshima Bay.  相似文献   

Holocene sea level trend on the west coast of Bohai Bay,China: reanalysis and standardization     

Jianfen Li  Zhiwen Shang  Fu Wang  Yongsheng Chen  Lizhu Tian  Xingyu Jiang  Qian Yu  Hong Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(7):198-248

Using 110 newly revised Holocene sea level indicators categorized into three types, sediments (67), shelly cheniers (27) and oyster reefs (16), this paper firstly provides a Holocene relative sea level curve, based on multiple approaches of litho- and biostratigraphies and sedimentary faces analysis, for the west coast of Bohai Bay, China. Following considerations, including indicative meaning, the paleo tidal pattern and range and conversion from mean tidal level to mean sea level, an apparent relative mean sea level (RMSL) curve was further reconstructed. After systematical calibration using CALIB, those of the 48 reworked samples were further corrected for the residence-time effect. Similarly, the younger ages for another 35 samples were chosen at the subsample level. These result in a younger-oriented shift for about 0.5 ka. Three local spatial factors, including neotectonic subsidence (average rate about 0.1 mm/a), self-compaction of unconsolidated sediments (between a few decimeters to about 6 m) and subsidence due to groundwater withdrawal (between a few centimeters to about 2.5 m), were quantitatively corrected. Finally, the amended RMSL curve after eliminating all these local temporo-spatial factors is very likely to show non-existence of mid-Holocene highstand and imply potential influences of both ice-volume equivalent sea level and regional glacial isostatic adjustment. Although it is still unable to divide both global and regional factors, the slowdown of sea level rise, in 7.5–6.8 ka with a maximum height less than +1 m, may constrain the model effort in the near future.  相似文献