广西万尾岛金滩沿岸输沙计算与分析     

郭雅琼  马进荣  邹国良 《海洋通报》2017,36(4):468-474

依据CERC公式,年内代表浪向作用下,广西万尾岛金滩平直岸滩中部泥沙分别向东西两侧净输沙,意味着金滩中部有淘刷趋势而两端有淤积趋势,而实际上岸滩中部滩面长年基本稳定、未有明显侵蚀现象。分析认为公式计算成果反映的输沙特征定性仍然是正确的,岸滩能够维持稳定是因为还存在自海向岸的横向输沙补给沙源。当岸滩并非平直且足够长时,应完整分析纵、横向输沙才能更为合理地反映岸滩泥沙运动特征。  相似文献   

Ghost crab burrow density at Watamu Marine National Park: An indicator of the impact of urbanisation and associated disturbance?     

HFR Hereward  LK Gentle  ND Ray  RD Sluka 《African Journal of Marine Science》2017,39(1):129-133

Ghost crab (Ocypode species) burrow densities have previously been used as an indicator of anthropogenic impact. This study aimed to assess the burrow density of Ocypode species (O. ryderi and O. cordimanus) at four sites across Watamu Marine National Park, Kenya. Two sites were in front of hotel complexes (denoting a high degree of urbanisation), and two were in front of residential housing among coastal scrub (denoting a low degree of urbanisation). The findings reveal significantly higher burrow densities at sites in front of residential housing, which was the less developed area. This provides further evidence that Ocypode burrow densities can be used, where other methods would be impractical, to estimate the impact of some human activities along beach fronts, such as at Watamu Marine National Park.  相似文献   

南堡滩海大位移井钻井关键因素优化设计          下载免费PDF全文

朱宽亮  吕艳  胡中志  周岩  刘永辉 《探矿工程》2017,44(1):33-36

大位移井钻井实施过程中表现最为突出的问题是摩阻扭矩大,它制约着井眼轨迹的有效延伸,尤其在常规钻完井技术时表现得更为明显。冀东油田近年来基于常规钻完井技术条件下,通过对井眼轨道优化设计、钻具组合优化、摩阻扭矩精细预测与控制、井眼延伸极限评估等方面的精细研究与优化设计,有效地模拟分析和论证了南堡滩海中深层大位移井钻井井筒力学行为,提升了对大位移井钻井实践可行性认识和指导了钻完井方案的设计。在南堡滩海成功实施了几十口水平位移大于3000 m的大位移井,最大水平位移达4940 m,为南堡滩海在常规经济技术条件下大位移井的钻井实施提供了技术支持。  相似文献   

中宁县黄河滩地傍河取水工程辐射井设计与施工          下载免费PDF全文

张志军  张伟  陈霄  李海伟 《探矿工程》2017,44(3):69-72

中宁县地处黄河中游,黄河滩地地下水受黄河补给,是具有巨大开采潜力的水源地。针对中宁黄河滩地第四系含粘粒土砂卵石地层的傍河水源地,选择辐射井作为取水建筑物,完成5眼辐射井。集水井成孔采用反循环方法,并配有专用钻头打捞含水层中粒径＞200 mm的漂石,用具有扭力、推力、拉力和振冲力的全液压水平钻机进行水平辐射管施工。采用“等效大口井法”计算辐射井抽水量。对抽水试验的数据及相关资料进行分析,比较辐射井、管井和大口井的稳定出水量和降深,结果表明采用辐射井开采类似水源地是有效的取水方式。  相似文献   

原位杂交结合半薄切片对石鳖贝壳发育相关细胞的观察研究     

夏玉秀  郇聘  刘保忠 《海洋科学》2024,48(1):68-74

多板纲软体动物(石鳖)生有8片重复排列的贝壳,与其他类群如腹足类、双壳类等有显著的区别,这些差异蕴含着重要的发育和演化意义。前期研究发现,红条毛肤石鳖(Acanthochitona rubrolineata)幼虫贝壳发育组织的细胞排列欠规则,在普通显微镜下不易识别单个细胞结构。本研究首先利用整装原位杂交手段鉴定出一些参与贝壳发育的细胞群体,发现表达engrailed的细胞分布于贝壳发育区中央区域的突起部位(脊)和边缘区域,其中脊区域的表达呈条纹状,边缘区域的表达则与贝壳发育区的外周吻合,但是对这些细胞的形态和排列模式等细节无法开展深入观察。接下来对石鳖幼虫进行了半薄切片,发现可以识别出壳板发育区细胞及脊细胞的大致轮廓和分布模式,但分辨率仍然受限。为了进一步提升分辨能力,结合了整装原位杂交实验及半薄切片技术,对表达engrailed基因的贝壳发育相关细胞开展了观察研究。结果显示,对整装原位杂交后的幼虫进行半薄切片,组织细胞结构保持完整,细胞轮廓清晰,能够清楚区分engrailed阳性细胞。观察表明,这些细胞具有较高的核质比,总体呈V形排列,且贝壳发育区中央部位与边缘部位的engraile...  相似文献   

THE MARBLE BEACHES OF TUSCANY*     

Karl F. Nordstrom  Enzo Pranzini  Nancy L. Jackson  Massimo Coli 《Geographical review》2008,98(2):280-300

ABSTRACT. Beach‐nourishment operations designed to replace sediment lost through erosion change the identity and meaning of coastal landscapes. Seven beaches in Tuscany, nourished with marble‐quarry waste, reveal how an industrial byproduct is naturalized by particle rounding and sorting and can become a positive symbol of human‐altered nature. The marble was placed on formerly sandy beaches, resulting in different grain size and color of sediments, beach morphology, and value for human use. The abrasion rate of marble makes the nourished beaches unsatisfactory when viewed solely as protection structures, but the rapid particle rounding and aesthetic appeal of marble increase the acceptability of the beaches for recreation.  相似文献   

甘南黄河上游水源补给区“黑土滩”型退化草地现状、成因及综合治理对策   总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3  

戚登臣  陈文业  郑华平  李广宇  刘正恒  宗文杰 《中国沙漠》2008,28(6):1058-1063

 通过对黄河上游水源补给区“黑土滩”型退化草地现状的调查发现,“黑土滩”型退化草地是由于气候的异常扰动、过度放牧、鼠类破坏、人为影响的综合因素引起的。从而提出了生态综合治理有效途径应以遵循自然规律,因势利导为出发点,减轻放牧压力,防止退化草地面积进一步扩张和蔓延;对不同程度退化草地应采用防治结合的模式,以草定畜,优化畜牧业管理模式;同时应及时灭鼠和防治毒杂草,全面贯彻落实家庭牧场政策、增加投入和高效管理,大力发展教育事业,加强法制建设,实现黄河上游水源补给区草与畜的可持续发展。  相似文献   

基于RS技术的北江下游河道岸滩演变分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘万侠  钟凯文  刘凯 《热带地理》2006,26(2):123-128

以1975～2001年共7个时相的遥感影像作为数据源,在GIS支持下采用动态分析方法,对比各个时期北江下游河道岸滩形态及位置变化,结合河道的地质、地貌、水文泥沙、整治工程等信息,分析洲滩消长的原因,获取河道横向演变特性,预测岸滩变化趋势以及整治工程效果.对比该时段内北江下游河道纵向演变情况,得出河道的纵向变形影响横向变形,总体变化两者成反比关系,河势向着稳定的趋势发展.  相似文献   

Effect of an oil spill from M V Sea Transporter on intertidal meiofauna at Goa,India     

Ansari ZA  Ingole B 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(5):396-402

Short and long term effects of a fuel oil spill from a grounded ship "M V Sea Transporter" on meiofauna of a sandy beach of central West Coast of India were investigated. A significant reduction in the absolute abundance of meiofauna was observed immediately after 3 days of spillage particularly at Sinquerim beach, the site of spillage. The reduction was most pronounced in density of nematodes and harpacticoid copepods, which were the most dominant groups. Long-term response showed no apparent oil-induced changes at major taxa levels. The population density improved considerably after the cessation of monsoons with a parallel decrease in petroleum hydrocarbon concentration in the sediment. Nematodes recovered more quickly than benthic copepods. No evidence for this could be due to reproductive dynamics in meiobentos. Although the effect of the oil on meiofauna could be seen initially it could not be proved conclusively on a long-term basis. The effects of the oil spill were confounded with seasonal monsoon effects and beach dynamics. The nematode:copepod ratio and the index of trophic diversity (ITD) were inadequate for detecting oil pollution effects. Therefore it may be concluded that in the presence of other environmental factors acting strongly, the effects of oil on meiofauna was strong but of a temporary nature.  相似文献   

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination and recovery characteristics in some organisms after the Nakhodka oil spill     

Koyama J  Uno S  Kohno K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2004,49(11-12):1054-1061

Following the oil spill from the Russian tanker Nakhodka in 1997 in the Sea of Japan, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were monitored for three years in some molluscs from the Mikuni-cho shore in Japan. Total PAH concentrations in marine organisms except for spiny top shell, ranged from 5.3 to 32.7 ng/g wet weight, but no trends were evident. Total PAH concentration in spiny top shell (Turbo cornutus) was 44 ng/g w.w. in the first month after the oil spill. However, it rapidly decreased to less than 5.4 ng/g w.w. from the second month. Spiny top shell, which was exposed to dietary Nakhodka heavy fuel oil, concentrated benzo(a)pyrene to 17.1 ng/g w.w. after two weeks of exposure and then rapidly eliminated it during an elimination phase. These results suggest that spiny top shell accumulates PAHs because of their low ability to metabolize PAH, but it can excrete parent PAHs rapidly when removed from the source of contamination. Thus it is suitable as an indicator organism in monitoring oil contamination. It can also be inferred from these field and laboratory investigations that, in three years, organisms from the Mikuni-cho shore seem to have adequately recovered from the Nakhodka oil spill contamination.  相似文献