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Popular Gentle Rik Thwaites Digby Race Kim Alexander Tek Maraseni 《Climatic change》2018,147(1-2):267-282
The research was designed to answer how households and local communities in rural Nepal are responding to the impacts of climate change. Using four villages as case study units, a mixed method approach was adopted in a multi-scaled process carried out at community, district and national levels. The research found that adaptation practices being adopted differ according to household well-being and are largely governed by access to education, information and resources within the community. Responses such as livelihood and income diversification, internal migration, share cropping, taking consumption loans, use of alternative energy and use of bio-pesticides were found to mostly vary according to well-being status of the interviewees. Development of adaptation plans, strategies and support mechanisms should take account of the different adaptation practices and needs of households. If such individual situations are not considered, adaptation responses may be ineffective or even be maladaptive and increase vulnerability. The research also found that the autonomous, unplanned and reactive nature of adaptation practices chosen by rural communities can contribute to further inequity and unequal power relations. The knowledge generated from this research contributes to understanding of how climate change contributes to vulnerability, but also how local practices and lack of an effective climate policy or response measures may magnify the effects of many existing drivers of vulnerability in terms of maladaptation and increasing social inequalities. 相似文献
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Differential impacts of climate change on communities in the middle hills region of Nepal 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
There is a growing understanding that the impacts of climate change affect different communities within a country, in a variety of ways—not always uniformly. This article reports on research conducted in the middle hills region of Nepal that explored climate change vulnerability in terms of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity across different well-being groups, genders of the head of household and household location. In the study region, dry land farming has increasingly experienced climate-induced changes to farm productivity and natural resources. The experience of vulnerability to decreased livelihood options and natural resource hazards due to a changing climate varied according to household wealth and well-being status, with very poor and poor households more vulnerable than medium and well-off households. The research indicates that the climate change adaptation would benefit by considering: (i) differential impacts of vulnerability mainly based on well-being status of households; (ii) understanding of the local socio-political context and underlying causes of vulnerability and its application; and (iii) identifying vulnerable populations for the units of vulnerability analysis and adaptation planning. 相似文献
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Ballarat in western Victoria hosts substantial hard‐rock and palaeoplacer gold deposits. The most famous placers are the deep leads—channel deposits of a middle Cenozoic drainage system that were buried by voluminous basalt flows over the past few million years. The basalt has also shielded large areas of the highly prospective bedrock from exploration for more of the hard‐rock gold deposits. Although difficult to explore for, such deposits could express themselves as geochemical plumes in the major aquifer system hosted by the deep leads. Groundwater sampling may provide a vector to such deposits, but around Ballarat debate has long surrounded the distribution and flow directions of the deep leads, which are critical for this exploration methodology. The present landscape around Ballarat began to develop in the Early Cenozoic when a pre‐existing Mesozoic landscape was severely dissected during Australia‐Antarctica breakup. Several cycles of erosion left several generations of fluvial placer deposits scattered across the present landscape. New data from regional mapping, boreholes and compilation of historical records elucidates the positions and flow directions of the deep leads. The distribution and flow directions of the deep leads beneath the basalt are different to, and cannot be inferred from, the present drainage upon the basalt. The deep‐lead drainage divide runs beneath the city of Ballarat with divergence of up to 30 km between the deep lead and the present drainage divides. The divide was shifted northward to its present position by the process of drainage diversion because the basalt eruptions built new topography to greater heights than along the pre‐existing deep‐lead divide. 相似文献
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Ghost crab (Ocypode species) burrow densities have previously been used as an indicator of anthropogenic impact. This study aimed to assess the burrow density of Ocypode species (O. ryderi and O. cordimanus) at four sites across Watamu Marine National Park, Kenya. Two sites were in front of hotel complexes (denoting a high degree of urbanisation), and two were in front of residential housing among coastal scrub (denoting a low degree of urbanisation). The findings reveal significantly higher burrow densities at sites in front of residential housing, which was the less developed area. This provides further evidence that Ocypode burrow densities can be used, where other methods would be impractical, to estimate the impact of some human activities along beach fronts, such as at Watamu Marine National Park. 相似文献
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应用高分辨率质谱分析苏丹高酸值原油成因 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
苏丹Muglad和Melut盆地是苏丹乃至整个中、西非剪切带最富含油气的盆地,所发现的原油主要为中质油(重度为20°～34°API),其次为重质油(重度小于20°API),普遍高含沥青质、高含蜡、高酸值、低含硫。为了探讨高酸值原油的成因,选择了苏丹地区18个不同酸值的原油样品,尝试高分辨率质谱分析上述原油有机酸的组成。结果表明,高酸值原油的有机酸主要由环烷酸组成;环烷酸的平均相对分子质量随降解作用程度增加而增大,分子碳原子数分布范围变宽;环烷酸以一环、二环、三环环烷酸为主。生物降解作用是形成高酸值原油的主要原因。 相似文献
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