Testing electric field models using ring current ion energy spectra from the Equator-S ion composition (ESIC) instrument     

L. M. Kistler  B. Klecker  V. K. Jordanova  E. Möbius  M. A. Popecki  D. Patel  J. A. Sauvaud  H. Rème  A. M. Di Lellis  A. Korth  M. McCarthy  R. Cerulli  M. B. Bavassano Cattaneo  L. Eliasson  C. W. Carlson  G. K. Parks  G. Paschmann  W. Baumjohann  G. Haerendel 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(12):1611-1621

During the main and early recovery phase of a geomagnetic storm on February 18, 1998, the Equator-S ion composition instrument (ESIC) observed spectral features which typically represent the differences in loss along the drift path in the energy range (5–15 keV/e) where the drift changes from being E × B dominated to being gradient and curvature drift dominated. We compare the expected energy spectra modeled using a Volland-Stern electric field and a Weimer electric field, assuming charge exchange along the drift path, with the observed energy spectra for H⁺ and O⁺. We find that using the Weimer electric field gives much better agreement with the spectral features, and with the observed losses. Neither model, however, accurately predicts the energies of the observed minima.  相似文献   

Analysis of thick, non-planar boundaries using the discontinuity analyser     

M. W. Dunlop  T. I. Woodward 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(8):984-995

The advent of missions comprised of phased arrays of spacecraft, with separation distances ranging down to at least mesoscales, provides the scientific community with an opportunity to accurately analyse the spatial and temporal dependencies of structures in space plasmas. Exploitation of the multi-point data sets, giving vastly more information than in previous missions, thereby allows unique study of their small-scale physics. It remains an outstanding problem, however, to understand in what way comparative information across spacecraft is best built into any analysis of the combined data. Different investigations appear to demand different methods of data co-ordination. Of the various multi-spacecraft data analysis techniques developed to affect this exploitation, the discontinuity analyser has been designed to investigate the macroscopic properties (topology and motion) of boundaries, revealed by multi-spacecraft magnetometer data, where the possibility of at least mesoscale structure is considered. It has been found that the analysis of planar structures is more straightforward than the analysis of non-planar boundaries, where the effects of topology and motion become interwoven in the data, and we argue here that it becomes necessary to customise the analysis for non-planar events to the type of structure at hand. One issue central to the discontinuity analyser, for instance, is the calculation of normal vectors to the structure. In the case of planar and ‘thin’ non-planar structures, the method of normal determination is well-defined, although subject to uncertainties arising from unwanted signatures. In the case of ‘thick’, non-planar structures, however, the method of determination becomes particularly sensitive to the type of physical sampling that is present. It is the purpose of this article to firstly review the discontinuity analyser technique and secondly, to discuss the analysis of the normals to thick non-planar structures detected in magnetometer data.  相似文献   

The application of a shift theorem analysis technique to multipoint measurements     

M. E. Dieckmann  S. C. Chapman 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(3):321-327

A Fourier domain technique has been proposed previously which, in principle, quantifies the extent to which multipoint in-situ measurements can identify whether or not an observed structure is time stationary in its rest frame. Once a structure, sampled for example by four spacecraft, is shown to be quasi-stationary in its rest frame, the structure’s velocity vector can be determined with respect to the sampling spacecraft. We investigate the properties of this technique, which we will refer to as a stationarity test, by applying it to two point measurements of a simulated boundary layer. The boundary layer was evolved using a PIC (particle in cell) electromagnetic code. Initial and boundary conditions were chosen such, that two cases could be considered, i.e. a spacecraft pair moving through (1) a time stationary boundary structure and (2) a boundary structure which is evolving (expanding) in time. The code also introduces noise in the simulated data time series which is uncorrelated between the two spacecraft. We demonstrate that, provided that the time series is Hanning windowed, the test is effective in determining the relative velocity between the boundary layer and spacecraft and in determining the range of frequencies over which the data can be treated as time stationary or time evolving. This work presents a first step towards understanding the effectiveness of this technique, as required in order for it to be applied to multispacecraft data.  相似文献   

Stationary magnetospheric convection on November 24, 1981. 1. A case study of “pressure gradient/minimum-B” auroral arc generation     

Y. I. Galperin  J. M. Bosqued 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(3):358-374

We present two case studies in the night and evening sides of the auroral oval, based on plasma and field measurements made at low altitudes by the AUREOL-3 satellite, during a long period of stationary magnetospheric convection (SMC) on November 24, 1981. The basic feature of both oval crossings was an evident double oval pattern, including (1) a weak arc-type structure at the equatorial edge of the oval/polar edge of the diffuse auroral band, collocated with an upward field-aligned current (FAC) sheet of ≈1.0 μA m⁻², (2) an intermediate region of weaker precipitation within the oval, (3) a more intense auroral band at the polar oval boundary, and (4) polar diffuse auroral zone near the polar cap boundary. These measurements are compared with the published magnetospheric data during this SMC period, accumulated by Yahnin et al. and Sergeev et al., including a semi-empirical radial magnetic field profile B_Z in the near-Earth neutral sheet, with a minimum at about 10–14 R_E. Such a radial B_Z profile appears to be very similar to that assumed in the “minimum B/cross-tail line current” model by Galperin et al. (GVZ92) as the “root of the arc”, or the arc generic region. This model considers a FAC generator mechanism by Grad-Vasyliunas-Boström-Tverskoy operating in the region of a narrow magnetic field minimum in the near-Earth neutral sheet, together with the concept of ion non-adiabatic scattering in the “wall region”. The generated upward FAC branch of the double sheet current structure feeds the steady auroral arc/inverted-V at the equatorial border of the oval. When the semi-empirical B_Z profile is introduced in the GVZ92 model, a good agreement is found between the modelled current and the measured characteristics of the FACs associated with the equatorial arc. Thus the main predictions of the GVZ92 model concerning the “minimum-B” region are consistent with these data, while some small-scale features are not reproduced. Implications of the GVZ92 model are discussed, particularly concerning the necessary conditions for a substorm onset that were not fulfilled during the SMC period.  相似文献   

Substorm observations in the early morning sector with Equator-S and Geotail     

R. Nakamura  G. Haerendel  W. Baumjohann  A. Vaivads  H. Kucharek  B. Klecker  E. Georgescu  J. Birn  L. M. Kistler  T. Mukai  S. Kokubun  P. Eglitis  L. A. Frank  J. B. Sigwarth 《Annales Geophysicae》1999,17(12):1602-1610

Data from Equator-S and Geotail are used to study the dynamics of the plasma sheet observed during a substorm with multiple intensifications on 25 April 1998, when both spacecraft were located in the early morning sector (03–04 MLT) at a radial distance of 10–11 R_E. In association with the onset of a poleward expansion of the aurora and the westward electrojet in the premidnight and midnight sector, both satellites in the morning sector observed plasma sheet thinning and changes toward a more tail-like field configuration. During the subsequent poleward expansion in a wider local time sector (20−04 MLT), on the other hand, the magnetic field configuration at both satellites changed into a more dipolar configuration and both satellites encountered again the hot plasma sheet. High-speed plasma flows with velocities of up to 600 km/s and lasting 2–5 min were observed in the plasma sheet and near its boundary during this plasma sheet expansion. These high-speed flows included significant dawn-dusk flows and had a shear structure. They may have been produced by an induced electric field at the local dipolarization region and/or by an enhanced pressure gradient associated with the injection in the midnight plasma sheet.  相似文献   

激光探针等离子体质谱同时测定锆石微区铀—铅年龄及微量元素   总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17  

梁细荣  李献华 《岩矿测试》1999,18(4):253-258

建立了一种利用激光探针等离子体质谱技术同时原位测定锆石Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ及Ｐｂ－Ｕ年龄和２５个微量元素的快速分析方法。Ｐ的检出限为１４μｇ／ｇ,Ｓｃ的检出限为３μｇ／ｇ,Ｒｂ、Ｎｂ、Ｂａ稀土元素Ｎｄ、Ｇｄ、Ｄｙ、Ｅｒ及Ｙｂ的检出限为０．１￣０．３μｇ／ｇ,Ｐｂ的检出限０．５μｇ／ｇ,其它稀土元素及Ｓｒ、ｙ、Ｈｆ、Ｔａ、Ｔｈ和Ｕ的检出限为１０￣９０ｎｇ／ｇ。方法对绝大多数微量元素的相对标准偏差为５￣１５％;  相似文献   

浮游植物生物量研究 Ⅰ.浮游植物生物量细胞体积转化法   总被引：31，自引：4，他引：27  

孙军  刘东艳  钱树本 《海洋学报》1999,21(2):75-85

在海洋生态动力学研究过程中,采用浮游植物细胞数量来估算浮游植物丰度可以说是不够精确的,因为不同种的浮游植物细胞大小差别很大,只有浮游植物的生物量才能正确反映海洋生态系中的能量分布.本文以拟合浮游植物细胞相似体积方法,基于胶州湾生态动力学研究所获资料,计算了87种中国近海常见浮游植物的细胞体积、鲜重、碳含量、氮含量.  相似文献   

南沙海域海底浅层第四系地震地层结构与地质意义          下载免费PDF全文

陈洁  万荣胜  张金鹏  韩冰  苏世龙 《地球物理学报》2018,61(1):242-249

科技进步使得地震采集数据量及其精度实现质的飞跃,南沙海域的地震调查,采用国际先进水平的等离子震源,获得地震剖面精度优于3 m局部甚至可在1 m之内,为科学研究、工程、浅层资源、地质灾害预警等研究奠定基础.在南沙第四系识别出了七个地震反射界面,确定500 ms至海底沉积区间内地震层序与三期海平面升降并与冰期、间冰期对应,典型地震剖面展示第四纪至少有三套完整的具有三角洲顶积层、前积层、底积层的地震相证据,与全球的第四纪海平面的变化一致.精细的浅层地震结构表明：南沙的地质现象丰富,浅层断层非常发育,下切河谷、泥石流、滑坡等地质遗迹的形成的地震相清晰,是地质活动频繁的地区.  相似文献   

地球磁尾等离子体片磁洞的统计分析   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0       下载免费PDF全文

刘建坤  葛亚松  张铁龙  王国强  LYU Hao-Yu 《地球物理学报》2017,60(3):873-878

本文利用THEMIS卫星的磁场数据和等离子体观测数据,统计分析地球磁尾等离子体片区域线性磁洞的发生率、时空尺度、分布特征、和发生率与地磁AE指数的相关性.分析结果表明磁尾等离子体片区域的磁洞的时间尺度为几秒到几十秒,空间尺度小于当地的质子回旋半径.通过磁洞在空间的位置分布和卫星数据在空间的数据采样分布的对比,我们发现线性磁洞在等离子体片内经常发生,然而在磁尾等离子体片中的发生率要小于太阳风中磁洞的发生率.本文最后统计分析了磁洞发生和AE指数的相关性,结果表明磁洞可能与地磁活动有关系.  相似文献   

直流弧光放电等离子体CVD金刚石薄膜中的晶体类型与特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

张湘辉  汪灵  龙剑平  常嗣和  周九根 《矿物岩石》2005,25(3):100-104

采用自主研制的直流弧光放电等离子体CVD设备,以甲烷和氢气为气源,在YG6硬质合金基体上制备出主显晶面为（100）、（111）以及纳米晶粒的金刚石薄膜涂层。SEM观测其晶体类型主要为立方体、八面体、立方八面体,其中以立方八面体为主。随着碳源气体浓度的增加,金刚石晶体的形态会呈现从八面体一立方八面体一立方体顺序转变的趋势;而薄膜的表面形貌呈现从主显（111）晶面-（111）与（100）晶面混杂-主显（100）晶面顺序转变的特征。此外,CVD金刚石薄膜中还存在有许多类似接触孪晶、贯穿孪晶、复合孪晶,以及球形或聚晶晶粒形态的晶体,并且多数孪晶属于类似（111）复合孪晶结构。  相似文献