多元统计在雅砻江某电站水文地质调查中的应用     

王永利  贾疏源  张成江  于静  苏金明 《物探化探计算技术》2004,26(4):331-336

对雅砻江某电站的水样进行多元统计分析，水样的八个指标Q型聚类，对地表水及地下水进行了水文地质初步分类，主因子分析反映了与地下水形成作用有关的三个重要的水文地球化学作用，即岩溶作用、黄铁矿的氧化作用以及地下水的溶滤作用。结合多元统计结果以及本区的水文地质条件，对地下水系进行了分类。  相似文献   

Curie Point Depths Beneath Precordillera Cuyana and Sierras Pampeanas Obtained from Spectral Analysis of Magnetic Anomalies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Francisco Ruiz  Antonio Introcaso   《Gondwana Research》2004,7(4):1133-1142

A gravity and magnetic survey has been carried out with the purpose of investigating geophysical features of the crusts beneath three geological provinces in western Argentina: Cuyo Precordillera, the Sierras Pampeanas of San Juan and La Rioja, and Famatina System, the results of which are displayed in three maps: Bouguer anomaly, total field magnetic anomaly and total field reduced to the pole.

The top and bottom boundaries of the magnetized crust were calculated from power-density spectra of the total-field anomalies from our terrestrial database in 90 2D windows. The depths obtained for the bottom of magnetized crust are assumed to correspond to Curie point depths. The values thus obtained for the Precordillera range between 29 and 40 km, whereas for the Sierras Pampeanas, in the Sierra de Pie de Palo, and other mountain chains along the Bermejo-Desaguadero lineament or Valle Fértil lineament, such depth ranges between 20 and 35 km. These results are consistent with Curie point depths determined on different continental regions in the world.

A map of regional heat flow has been prepared in the present work based on the depth of the Curie point isotherm, which shows that heat flow patterns in Precordillera are different from those found in Sierras Pampeanas.

A significant heat flow extending in Northeast-Southwest direction seems to be directly related to Juan Fernández Ridge trace.

The results of the present investigations also point out a possible relationship between the base of the magnetized crust and the boundary separating the brittle from the ductile crustal regime.  相似文献   

美国"阳光带"的崛起对中国西部城市化战略的启示   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王仲智  林炳耀 《世界地理研究》2004,13(2):40-45

美国西部开发以城市化为先导，中国西部大开发本质上也是西部城市化。西部大开发战略应以城市为中心组织与落实。本文通过透视美国“阳光带”城市崛起的历史，尤其是产业集群的成功经验，提出中国西部城市化战略实施中应将培育地方产业集群作为推动城市化的重要战略方式和地方重要的公共政策工具。  相似文献   

幂函数对建筑物沉降的回归分析     

于春生 《现代测绘》2004,27(4):33-34

通过实例推导幂函数对建筑物沉降进行回归分析，并且得出较为精确的结果，同时也说明在选择回归函数的时候，还会受到很多条件影响。  相似文献   

图像控制点数据库的设计与实现   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

朱彩英李新慧  杨培章靳国旺 何钰 《测绘学院学报》2004,21(4):282-285

地面控制点数据是航天航空图像摄影测量几何处理的必需数据。文中首先比较了控制点数据的存储管理方式，即采用文件系统方式与数据库方式的优缺点；接着分析了控制点图像数据的特征，从而提出了图像控制点数据的数据库存储方案，讨论了图像控制点数据库的查询方法；最后结合文中的方法，设计并且实现了一个控制点图像数据库管理与应用实验系统。通过分析认为，建立控制点图像数据库是重复利用控制点资源的有效途径。  相似文献   

基于EM算法和单幅雷达图像阴影的控制点坡度校正   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

钱俊  舒宁 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(12):1089-1092

对在我国现有的条件下进行控制点坡度校正的必要性进行了阐述，并分析了EM算法。根据EM算法以及基于区域增长的余弦散射模型建立了控制点坡度校正模型，并用河北省张北地区的雷达影像进行了实验，取得了较高的精度初值。  相似文献   

Interevent Time Distribution in Seismicity: A Theoretical Approach     

G. Molchan 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2005,162(6-7):1135-1150

This paper presents an analysis of the distribution of the time τ between two consecutive events in a stationary point process. The study is motivated by the discovery of unified scaling laws for τ for the case of seismic events. We demonstrate that these laws cannot exist simultaneously in a seismogenic area. Under very natural assumptions we show that if, after rescaling to ensure Eτ =1, the interevent time has a universal distribution F, then F must be exponential. In other words, Corral’s unified scaling law cannot exist in the whole range of time. In the framework of a general cluster model we discuss the parameterization of an empirical unified law and the physical meaning of the parameters involved. An erratum to this article is available at .  相似文献   

A Possible Detection of the 26 December 2004 Great Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake with Solution Products of the International GNSS Service   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

J. Kouba 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2005,49(4):463-483

The main goal of this work is to critically review the IGS solution products and Precise Point Positioning (PPP) in order to demonstrate their potential to contribute to studies of large earthquakes such as the one that devastated Southeast Asia on December 26th, 2004. In view of a possible detection of the Mw 9.0 Sumatra-Andaman Islands Earthquake of December 26, 2004, position solutions, ranging from intervals of years to one second, of four International GNSS Service (IGS) stations within 3000 km of the epicenter were examined. The IGS combined, cumulative solution product (IGS04P51), consisting of epoch and station velocity solutions and based on data spans of several years prior to the earthquake, was used as a reference. Four IGS combined weekly position solutions (igs04P1301-4), two weeks before and after the earthquake, were utilized for the weekly solution resolution. PPP static and kinematic solutions with IGS Final combined orbits and clocks were used for the mean daily and instantaneous 5-min and 1-sec epoch solutions, respectively. The most significant changes, detected by both weekly and daily solutions occurred in longitude. The nearest IGS station ntus, about 1000 km east of the epicenter, moved westward about 15 mm, while the more distant Indian station iisc (∼ 2300 km NW from the epicenter), shifted about 15 mm eastward. In spite of position errors caused by interpolation of the 5-min IGS clocks, the 1-sec solutions, based on separate data sets, available only for two stations (iisc, dgar), still showed seismic surface waves, in particular at the Indian station iisc. Precise daily IGS combined polar motion and length-of-day products, after correcting for the atmospheric effects, also likely detected, statistically significant, anomalistic excitations on December 26, 2004 that could be caused by this great earthquake.  相似文献   

Implicit integration under mixed controls of a breakage model for unsaturated crushable soils          下载免费PDF全文

Yida Zhang  Giuseppe Buscarnera 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2016,40(6):887-918

This paper discusses a series of stress point algorithms for a breakage model for unsaturated granular soils. Such model is characterized by highly nonlinear coupling terms introduced by breakage‐dependent hydro‐mechanical energy potentials. To integrate accurately and efficiently its constitutive equations, specific algorithms have been formulated using a backward Euler scheme. In particular, because implementation and verification of unsaturated soil models often require the use of mixed controls, the incorporation of various hydro‐mechanical conditions has been tackled. First, it is shown that the degree of saturation can be replaced with suction in the constitutive equations through a partial Legendre transformation of the energy potentials, thus changing the thermomechanical state variables and enabling a straightforward implementation of a different control mode. Then, to accommodate more complex control scenarios without redefining the energy potentials, a hybrid strategy has been used, combining the return mapping scheme with linearized constraints. It is shown that this linearization strategy guarantees similar levels of accuracy compared with a conventional strain–suction‐controlled implicit integration. In addition, it is shown that the use of linearized constraints offers the possibility to use the same framework to integrate a variety of control conditions (e.g., net stress and/or water‐content control). The convergence profiles indicate that both schemes preserve the advantages of implicit integration, that is, asymptotic quadratic convergence and unconditional stability. Finally, the performance of the two implicit schemes has been compared with that of an explicit algorithm with automatic sub‐stepping and error control, showing that for the selected breakage model, implicit integration leads to a significant reduction of the computational cost. Such features support the use of the proposed hybrid scheme also in other modeling contexts, especially when strongly nonlinear models have to be implemented and/or validated by using non‐standard hydro‐mechanical control conditions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Development of a soil moisture‐based distributed hydrologic model for determining hydrologically based critical source areas          下载免费PDF全文

Sisi Li  Margaret Gitau  David Bosch  Bernard A. Engel  Liang Zhang  Yun Du 《水文研究》2017,31(20):3543-3557

A simple grid cell‐based distributed hydrologic model was developed to provide spatial information on hydrologic components for determining hydrologically based critical source areas. The model represents the critical process (soil moisture variation) to run‐off generation accounting for both local and global water balance. In this way, it simulates both infiltration excess run‐off and saturation excess run‐off. The model was tested by multisite and multivariable evaluation on the 50‐km² Little River Experimental Watershed I in Georgia, U.S. and 2 smaller nested subwatersheds. Water balance, hydrograph, and soil moisture were simulated and compared to observed data. For streamflow calibration, the daily Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficient was 0.78 at the watershed outlet and 0.56 and 0.75 at the 2 nested subwatersheds. For the validation period, the Nash‐Sutcliffe coefficients were 0.79 at the watershed outlet and 0.85 and 0.83 at the 2 subwatersheds. The per cent bias was less than 15% for all sites. For soil moisture, the model also predicted the rising and declining trends at 4 of the 5 measurement sites. The spatial distribution of surface run‐off simulated by the model was mainly controlled by local characteristics (precipitation, soil properties, and land cover) on dry days and by global watershed characteristics (relative position within the watershed and hydrologic connectivity) on wet days when saturation excess run‐off was simulated. The spatial details of run‐off generation and travel time along flow paths provided by the model are helpful for watershed managers to further identify critical source areas of non‐point source pollution and develop best management practices.  相似文献