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1.
Measuring Seismic Waves Induced by Large Earthquakes with GPS 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Independent GPS position solutions at 1-sec interval, derived from the International GPS Service (IGS) data and orbit÷clock products, clearly show seismic waves generated by the magnitude 7.9 Denali Fault, Alaska earthquake of November 3, 2002. Surface seismic waves with periods of about 20 sec and amplitudes of up to 20 cm were detected up to 4,000 km from the epicenter. This confirms the previous findings reported by Larson et al. (2003); we use additional station data along with different processing software and strategies. The seismic waves from the May 26, 2003 magnitude 7.0 Japanese earthquake were also observed in the 1-sec position solution series at station MIZU, about 80 km from the epicenter. This earthquake, however, could not be detected by GPS at station USUD, about 410 km away. Similarly, the Algerian May 21, 2003 earthquake of magnitude 6.8 could not be detected by GPS at the nearest IGS station located approximately 800 km from the epicenter. 相似文献
2.
Tidally induced sub-daily Earth Rotation Parameters (ERP) variations, when not properly accounted for, can cause apparent orbit and ERP rate errors, which can significantly exceed the IGS solution errors. All International GPS Service (IGS) Analysis Centers currently apply the conventional sub-daily ERP model in their transformations from ITRF (International Terrestrial Reference Frame) to ICRF (International Celestial Reference Frame), both of which are used for IGS global analyses. However, some IGS Analysis Centers did not apply the sub-daily ERP model when transforming ICRF orbit solutions to ITRF, which is used for IGS orbit/clock products. This transformation inconsistency can cause significant orbit RMS differences that could exceed the 5-cm level. Independent ERP rate solutions are sensitive even to small errors in the sub-daily ERP model, and can be used to verify the sub-daily ERP model at, or below 0.1 mas/day precision level.The Precise Point Positioning (PPP) via precise station position solutions with the IGS orbit/clock combined products, provides an ideal interface to access the IGS realization of ITRF. PPP also yields precise station clock and tropospheric zenith delays (TZD) solutions, all at the sub-cm precision level. However, when using IGS orbit/clock products it is important that the same convention be used with respect to sub-daily ERP. Otherwise, the solutions of station navigation positions, station clocks and TZD's will be affected by significant errors that could exceed the 1-cm level. 相似文献
3.
本研究分析了2011年3月11日发生的Mw9.0日本东北地区太平洋近海地震对亚洲地区和韩国国内GPS卫星常年跟踪站的位移影响.为此,利用了日本东北地区太平洋近海地震发生前后两周(2011年3月4日到3月18日)的GPS站点数据,包括震中附近地区(韩国,中国,中国台湾地区,日本和俄罗斯)55个GPS卫星常年跟踪站和284个IGS 全球跟踪站,并采用GAMIT/GLOBK软件进行处理和平差,估算出所有GPS站点的同震形变.结果显示,日本东北地区太平洋近海地震引起的同震形变影响在亚洲地区比较明显,包括日本和附近国家,距离震中2702 km的中国武汉(WUHN)站也观测到同震形变.为精确分析日本东北地区太平洋近海地震对韩国国家大地控制网的影响,通过GAMIT/GLOBK软件计算出韩国GPS卫星常年跟踪站之间的基线长度变形,并分析出弹性变形量.结果表明:大部分GPS站点均向震中方向膨胀,且向震中的垂直方向收缩.由日本东北地区太平洋近海地震导致的最大剪应变达到韩国国家大地控制网年均变形率的约7倍,对韩国的地壳产生14.5~57.7 mm的水平位移,并导致韩国国家大地控制网产生弹性变形.因此,在不及时更新维护韩国国家大地控制网的情况下,GPS测量成果将会发生最大20 mm的位置误差. 相似文献
4.
以UNAVCO公布的阿拉斯加地区GPS 1 Hz和30 s采样观测数据为基础,采用双差定位方法分别对两种采样率的数据进行处理分析,获得2020年7月22日阿拉斯加MW7.8地震震时地表动态变形及同震三维形变场。结果显示,震中270 km范围内高频GPS震时波形明显,最大振幅达600 mm。根据各个GPS站的动态形变波形振幅及响应时间认为,其振幅和响应时间受地震的破裂传播方向和场地效应影响较大。静态同震位移矢量指向震中,同震位移大小基本符合随震中距离增大而减小的特征,除站点AC13外,其中距离震中最近站点的最大水平位移达26.7 cm。GPS测定的同震形变表明,2020年阿拉斯加地震是发生在阿拉斯加阿留申俯冲大断裂的一次逆冲型地震。 相似文献
5.
2021年5月22日2时4分青海省玛多县发生M7.4地震。四川地震预警台网成功地处理并产出了本次地震预警结果。本文针对四川地震预警系统产出的8次地震预警处理结果及预警减灾效能进行了分析。此次地震震中距四川地震预警网55km,首台触发后12.19s发布首次预警处理结果,前5次预警处理结果用时距离首台触发时间均小于35s。与正式地震目录对比,第1次预警处理结果震中位置偏差为17.1km,震级偏差为-1.8,盲区半径为121km。随着参与计算台站数量增多,震中位置偏差和震级偏差不断减小,盲区半径不断增大。由于地震破裂时间长和台站限幅等原因,8次预警震级均偏小。本次地震预警的有效获益区为震中距121～324km的环形区域,此区域内减灾效能显著。本次地震预警结果表明,四川地震预警系统在本次地震中预警产出效果较好,对于网外大地震预警有重要参考意义。 相似文献
6.
A. V. Guglielmi B. Tsegmed A. S. Potapov J. Kultima T. Raita 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(11):921-927
Electromagnetic oscillations generated by surface Love waves in the Earth’s crust were detected by the spectral polarization method at the Mondy and Sodankylä observatories, located at distances of 5390 and 8798 km from the epicenter of the strong Sumatra earthquake of December 26, 2004. Detailed analysis of this event is instructive because it indicates that the difficulty in detecting the coseismic magnetic oscillations predicted by theory is only due to the presence of strong noise. Observations of this type are shown to be significant for experimental studies of mechanoelectromagnetic conversions in the crust. 相似文献
7.
以2020年6月26日于田MS6.4地震为例, 采用地磁谐波振幅比法, 选用距震中370 km和360 km范围内的且末台、 狮泉河台所记录到的秒值连续波形数据, 对震前地磁异常进行了提取和回溯性分析, 发现地磁谐波振幅比反映了观测点深部电阻率变化, 2020年于田MS6.4地震前且末台和狮泉河台地磁谐波振幅比出现了较明显的异常现象。 异常特征有: ① 地磁谐波振幅比YZHx和YZHy主要表现为“下降—转折—恢复”的形态, 地震发生在下降型变化恢复之后上升阶段; ② 震前约2年起, 且末台和狮泉河台谐波振幅比表现长短周期变化不同步或NS向与EW向变化不同步的现象; ③ 且末台YZHx(NS)和狮泉河台YZHy(EW)谐波振幅比异常变化中的转折上升形态具有自较长周期向较短周期的迁移现象; ④ 狮泉河台谐波振幅比趋势性异常起始时间早于且末台, 持续时间平均2年左右, 最大异常幅度达到0.04; ⑤ 且末台YZHx(NS)和狮泉河台YZHy(EW)异常相比对应其他分量更为显著, 这也许震中和台站所在位置有关系; ⑥ 地震前和田大地电场(距震中约265 km)岩体裂隙优势方位角(α)也显示异常变化, 可见该地震前多地球物理探测参量的异常响应, 呈现多地球物理量耦合, 增加了异常可信度。 相似文献
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9.
G. A. Sobolev D. G. Sobolev I. N. Migunov N. A. Zakrzhevskaya 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2014,50(4):474-483
The low-frequency seismic noise recorded by the broadband IRIS stations in 1994–2012 is studied in the period range of 40 to 360 s. It is shown that for samples of a few months in length, the power spectra of noise at stations spaced apart a few thousand kilometers and operating in different meteorological and seismotectonic conditions are overall similar, which indicates that the sources of the noise are global. At the same time, the slope of the spectra changes with the increase in the period in the subintervals of 40–90, 120–200, and 200–360 s, which points to the difference of the sources generating the seismic noise. The amplitude of the noise at the stations located a few thousand km apart from the Sumatra earthquake of December 26, 2004, M = 9.2, and from the Tohoku earthquake of March 11, 2011, M = 9.0, increased after these events. This indicates the global character of the aftermath of these seismic catastrophes. After the Kronotskoe earthquake of December 5, 1997, which was weaker (M = 7.9), the noise grew only at the PET station located within 300 km of the epicenter. According to the records at the PET station, this earthquake was preceded by the increased noise level observed in 1994–1997. After 1999, the seismic noise declined and remained low up to the end of the studied interval with a duration of 14 years. Our results show that the low-frequency seismic noise generated by the sources in the atmosphere of the Earth is contributed by the processes taking place in the lithosphere. 相似文献
10.
依据六合体应变异常所作两次地震短临预测意见的反思 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据六合体应变异常,在2006年7月26日安徽定远4.2级地震和2007年5月6日江苏响水ML4.0地震前,我们提出了短临预测意见。预测实践表明,根据六合体应变异常提出11~24天时间段在450km范围内有发生5.5级左右地震、在200km范围内有发生4.0级左右地震可能性的预测意见有一定的科学性,还有可能根据异常最低点出现时间提出3天之内发震的临震预测意见,实践还表明依据六合体应变异常所预测的震中位置和震级会有较大误差。反思两次地震预测实践,我们有依据期望通过每一点进步来挑战地震预报难题,目前力求能在震前有所察觉,提前向领导部门打个招呼。 相似文献
11.
L. M. Balakina 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2006,42(5):377-397
An interpretation of the occurrence conditions and source parameters is proposed for the catastrophic earthquake of December 26, 2004, in the northwestern part of the Sunda island arc. The interpretation is based on the analysis of spatial distributions of aftershock epicenters and regions subjected to destructive tsunamis, seismicity manifestations in the NW part of the Sunda island arc in the past century, and locations of large tsunami sources of historical earthquakes off the Sumatra Island coast. The source parameters of the December 26, 2004, earthquake are compared with the reliably established main characteristics of sources of the largest tsunamigenic earthquakes in island arcs of the Pacific Ocean. According to the proposed interpretation, the December 26, 2004, earthquake source is a steep reverse fault striking NW and dipping toward the Indian Ocean. The source, ～450 km long, is located in front of the NW termination of Sumatra Island, in the southern part of the Nicobar Islands. Possible positions and sizes of large potential seismic sources in the NW part of the Sunda island arc are suggested. 相似文献
12.
QU Jun-hao WANG Chang-zai LIU Fang-bin ZHOU Shao-hui ZHENG Jian-chang LI Xin-feng ZHANG Qin 《地震地质》2019,41(1):99-118
Since the earthquake of ML3.8 occurring on October 1, 2013 in Ruishan, Weihai City, Shandong Province, the sequence has lasted for about 4 years(Aug. 31, 2017). Seismicity is enhanced or weakened and fluctuated continuously. More than 13250 aftershocks have been recorded in Shandong Seismic Network. During this period, the significant earthquake events were magnitude 4.2(ML4.7)on January 7, 4.0(ML4.5)on April 4, M3.6(ML 4.1)on September 16 in 2014 and M4.6(ML5.0)on May 22, 2015. The earthquake of ML5.0 was the largest one in the Rushan sequence so far. In order to strengthen the monitoring of aftershocks, 18 temporary stations were set up near the epicenter at the end of April, 2014(official recording began on May 7)by Shandong Earthquake Agency, which constitutes an intensified network in Rushan that surrounds the four quadrants of the small earthquake concentration area together with 12 fixed stations nearby, and provides an effective data foundation for the refinement of Rushan earthquake sequence.
The velocity structure offers important information related to earthquake location and the focal medium, providing an important basis for understanding the background and mechanism of the earthquake. In this paper, double-difference tomography method is used to relocate the seismic events recorded by more than six stations of Rushan array from May 7, 2014 to December 31, 2016, and the inversion on the P-wave velocity structure of the focal area is conducted. The Hyposat positioning method is used to relocate the absolute position. Only the stations with the first wave arrival time less than 0.1 second are involved in the location. A total of 14165 seismic records are obtained, which is much larger than that recorded by Shandong Seismic Network during the same period with 7708 earthquakes and 2048 localizable ones. A total of 1410 earthquakes with ML ≥ 1.0 were selected to participate in the inversion. Precise relocation of 1376 earthquakes is obtained by using double-difference tomography, in which, there are 14318 absolute traveltime P waves and 63162 relative travel time P waves. The epicenters are located in distribution along NWW-SEE toward SEE and tend to WS, forming a seismic belt with the length about 3km and width about 1km. The focal depths are mainly concentrated between 4km and 9km, occurring mainly at the edge of the high velocity body, and gradually dispersing with time. It has obvious temporal and spatial cluster characteristics. Compared with the precise relocation of Shandong network, the accuracy of the positioning of Rushan array is higher. The main reason is that the epicenter of Rushan earthquake swarm is near the seaside, and the fixed stations of Shandong Seismic Network are located on the one side of the epicenter. The nearest three stations(RSH, HAY, WED)from the epicenter are Rushan station with epicentral distance about 13km, the Haiyang station with epicentral distance about 33km, and Wendeng station with epicentral distance about 42km. The epicentral distance of the rest stations are more than 75km. In addition, the magnitude of most earthquakes in Rushan sequence is small. The accuracy of phase identification is relatively limited due to the slightly larger epicentral distance of the station HAY and station WED in Shandong Seismic Network. Furthermore, the one-dimensional velocity model used in network location is simple with only the depth and velocity of Moho surface and Conrad surface. The epicentral distances of the 18 temporary stations in Rushan are less than 10km, and the initial phase is clear. The island station set up on the southeast side and the Haiyangsuo station on the southwest side form a comprehensive package for the epicenter. Compared with the double-difference algorithm method, the double-difference tomography method used in this paper is more accurate for the velocity structure, thus can obtain the optimal relocation result and velocity structure.
the velocity structure shows that there are three distinct regions with different velocities in the vicinity of the focal area. The earthquakes mainly occur in the intersection of the three regions and on the side of the high velocity body. With the increase of depth, P wave velocity increases gradually and there are two distinct velocity changes. The aftershock activities basically occur near the dividing line to the high velocity side. The south side is low velocity abnormal body and the north side is high velocity abnormal body. High velocity body becomes shallower from south to north, which coincides with the tectonic conditions of Rushan. Considering the spatial relationships between the epicenter distribution and the high-low velocity body and different lithology of geological structure, and other factors, it is inferred that the location of the epicenter should be the boundary of two different rock bodies, and there may be a hidden fault in the transition zone between high velocity abnormal body and low velocity abnormal body. The interface position of the high-low velocity body, the concentrating area of the aftershocks, is often the stress concentration zone, the medium is relatively weak, and the intensity is low. There is almost no earthquake in the high velocity abnormal body, and the energy accumulated in the high velocity body is released at the peripheral positions. It can be seen that the existence of the high-low velocity body has a certain control effect on the distribution of the aftershocks. 相似文献
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14.
Grzegorz Krzan 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2018,62(1):17-37
Recently undifferenced Precise Point Positioning (PPP) technique has become a subject of interest not only among researchers, but also satellite positioning practitioners like surveyors and engineers. Along with the development of precise clocks and orbits products, and the improvement of models mitigating interfering phenomena like atmospheric refraction, PPP has become an alternative to relative positioning in many field applications. This study concerns the usability of Undifferenced Positioning techniques in establishing geodetic control networks. Satellite observations from 13 stations equipped with high-end receivers and survey grade commercial receivers were processed using the NAvigation Package for Earth Observation Satellites -NAPEOS v. 3.3.1. In the study the standard PPP (float) and Undifferenced Network solution with clocks/orbits fixed strategies of post-processing were carried out using various observing intervals (30 min., 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, daily). The high accuracy results obtained with PPP and UD Network solution predisposes these strategies for the use in surveying tasks requiring even centimeter positioning accuracy. 相似文献
15.
利用CAP、TDMT、sPL深度震相等3种方法测定河北昌黎ML4.5地震震源深度,利用CAP方法反演得到该地震的震源机制解,拟合得到最佳震源深度为4.5 km;利用TDMT方法反演得到拟合震源深度范围为5~6 km;在震中距20~80 km范围内的台站波形数据中,CHL、BDH两个台站识别到sPL震相,基于震源机制解,计算1~16 km深度范围对应的理论波形图,与观测波形比对后得到震源深度为5 km。结果显示,3种方法的深度研究结果基本一致,结合震源尺度以及昌黎ML3.9地震CAP、sPL计算结果认为,昌黎ML4.5地震的震源深度应为4~6 km。 相似文献
16.
强震临震微波动是强震临震阶段优势频率集中在11～16 Hz、频谱形态较为整齐的临震异常脉动记录。利用"兰州临震微波动实时监控与跟踪系统"的数据资料,对2021年5月22日玛多7.4级地震震中200 km半径的范围内台站的临震微波动事件进行分析。认为震前距离震中67 km的巴颜喀拉台EW通道存在显著异常,达到杨立明提出的异常跟踪指标;10个测震台站中的8个在本次地震前记录到了临震微波动事件,震中南侧台站记录到的事件多于北侧。 相似文献
17.
根据富蕴地震台地倾斜观测资料,对距该台360 km范围内地震震前异常进行了分析.结果表明:①一般情况下,异常的持续时间越长,资料的异常变化幅度越大,震级越大;②地倾斜观测资料的异常形态与震中位置有关,通常是单分量图和矢量图的拐弯处指向震中位置,震前震源区的应力集中往往造成矢量图畸变,单分量图形出现加速的异常特征;③阶跃... 相似文献
18.
和田地电场台站距离2020年6月26日于田MS6.4地震震中约305 km, 该台不同方位测道之间相关系数均值在0.8左右, 应用多极距原理获知震前两月该台地电场数据中“近场”信息较复杂, 但具有一定程度的可靠性。 计算该台不同极距测道的优势方位角α和不同方位测道间相关系数δNS/NW, 获知震前数月长、 短极距α、 δNS/NW存在不同的异常现象。 2011—2019年, 和田台周边300 km范围发生了6次MS5.0以上地震, 这种异常现象的差异具有类似特点。 这反映出在同一场地, 地电场长、 短极距观测装置对周边中强地震的映震能力可能存在差异性。 相似文献
19.
After the Yutian M_S7.3 earthquake,the authors instantly collected 1Hz high frequency data of the 4 reference stations within 350 km around the epicenter,and calculated the GNSS data with the TRACK module. The results showed that:( 1) The co-seismic displacement of Yutian station,about 54 km from the epicenter,is the most obvious,particularly in the EW component,with a change of about 52.5 ± 11mm,which is more than three times the mean-square error of calculating precision.( 2) In the Yutian reference station,the biggest variation in the EW component appeared within 1 minute after the earthquake.( 3) The change in the NS component is not great. 相似文献
20.
河北遥测台网速报震级偏差与量规函数关系的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
选取河北数字遥测地震台网自2001年11月正式运行至2004年6月所记录到的河北省及邻区64次较大的速报地震事件，计算单台震级与多台平均震级的偏差。分析发现，目前所用量规函数在震中距小于70km和大于390km时偏小，认为在大震速报中直接采用震中距70～390km的台站参与计算震级是一种更简便可行的办法；发现平均周期在0．2～0．6s的区间内△M相对稳定，因此，在读取最大振幅和周期时，应尽量避免较高频波段或较低频波段，如果是计算机自动读取振幅则应舍掉平均周期小于0．2s和大于0．6S的台站。 相似文献