The flux of land-based source pollutants from tumen river system entering the sea of Japan     

Yin Xingjun  Yin Chengqing 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1997,8(3):239-245

The influence of land-based source pollutants to marine ecological environment is principally in coastal or enclosed sea wates. Flux of land-based source pollutants into the sea will be effected due to social and economic development in the Tumen River basin. Pollutant type and primary pollution factor of the Tumen River in Northeast China is described by weighted coefficient method in this paper. The results indicate that the river is organic pollution type and primary pollution factor is COD. Fresh water fraction proves that the estuary is not affected by tide cycle. COD annual flux entering the Sea of Japan calculated by zero-dimension model in 1993 was 90.50 × 10³ tons. It is estimated with emission coefficient method that the COD will be 176.4 × 10³ and 458.6 × 10³ tons for the years of 2000 and 2010 respectively. This work is sponored by the Open Fund of State Key Laboratory on Environmental Aquatic Chemistry.  相似文献   

A study on the evolution of groundwater pollutants and causes of formation in Manzhouli     

YAN Deng-hua  DENG Wei  YANG Jian-qiang  WANG Chun-mei  WU Pei-pei 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2001,11(1):92-96

Manzhouli, a city of Halun Buir, is located at 117°12, -- 1 17"53'E, 49"19, -- 49o41'N with a total area18. 73km2. Its morphologies are mainly hills andsloping fields and the average height above sea level is654m. It is rounded by the hills and higher in the southpart and lower in the north part. It'S climate is thesemi-dry climate of mid-temperate zone with the coldand windy winter and cool and short summer. It is dryin spring and the temperature decreases quickly in theautumn with the ear…  相似文献   

Characteristics of observed trace gaseous pollutants in the Yangtze Delta   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

王会祥  唐孝炎  王木林  颜鹏  王韬  邵可声  曾立民  杜惠芳  陈立民 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(4):397-404

The significant impacts on air quality and natural resources, such as land and forest, have taken place in Yangtze Delta in the last two decades, resulting from rapidly economic develop-ment in this region. The Yangtze Delta contains many cities and towns…  相似文献   

A Study Of The Atmospheric Boundary Layer Using Radon And Air Pollutants As Tracers     

Toshio Kataoka  Eiji Yunoki  Mitsuo Shimizu  Tadashige Mori  Osamu Tsukamoto  Yukitaka Ohashi  Ken Sahashi  Toshihiko Maitani  Koh’ichi Miyashita  Toru Iwata  Yoko Fujikawa  Akira Kudo  Roger H. Shaw 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,101(2):131-156

Concentrations of radon ²²²Rn andair pollutants, meteorological parametersnear the surface and vertical profiles of meteorological elements were measured atUchio (Okayama City, Okayama Prefecture, Japan) 12 km north from the coast ofthe Inland Sea of Japan. In the nighttime, the ²²²Rn concentration increased in the case of weak winds, but did not increase as much in the case of moderate or strong winds, as had been expected. In the daytime, the ²²²Rn concentrationheld at a slightly higher than average level for the period from sunrise to about 1100 JST. It is considered that this phenomenon is due to a period of morning calm, that is, a transition period from land breeze to sea breeze.NO, which is sensitive to traffic volume,brought information concerning advection.Oxidant concentrations,which reflect the availability of sunlight,acted in the reverse manner to ²²²Rnconcentrations. Thus, a set of ²²²Rn and air pollutants could provide useful information regarding the local conditions of the atmospheric boundary layer.  相似文献   

北京永定河(官厅-三家店)水体有毒有机污染物的致突变性研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

王晓燕  尚纬  马梅  王子健 《地球化学》2001,30(6):612-616

于1999年7月采样对北京西南永定河（官厅－三家店）水体进行了有毒有机物污染状的研究。水中有机物通过XAD－2树脂进行富集，沉积物样品经冷冻干燥和素氏提取后，用于Ames实验。结果表明，永定河已受到了相当程度的污染，但静止水体（水库大坝和三家店）未表现出致突变性，流动水体（八号桥和雁翅）具有较强的致突变性，最上游的八号桥点致突变性最强，沉积物样品的致突变性表现出几乎与此相反的规律，但除雁翅点样品对TA100菌株外，所有样品都表现出较强的致突变性。表明水库已成为污染物的储藏库并对下游造成二次污染，应引起有关部门的重视。  相似文献   

贵阳城区大气污染物的时空变化和复合污染特征     

苏志华  韩会庆  陈波 《中国岩溶》2020,39(3):442-452

选取贵阳市10个空气质量监测站发布的PM2.5、PM10、SO2、NO2、CO和O3实时浓度数据，通过时间序列分析法和插值法研究贵阳市大气污染物的时空变化和复合污染特征。结果表明:（1）贵阳市2014-2018年主要污染物PM2.5和PM10的年平均浓度逐渐下降，光化学污染物O3年平均浓度有所增加，空气质量逐渐转好，环境治理取得明显效果；（2）2018-2019自然年PM2.5、PM10、NO2和O3在春季污染最严重，SO2和CO在冬季污染最严重，反映出污染源、阶段性燃料燃烧和二次离子生成等因素对不同污染物的影响不同；（3）PM2.5和PM10日变化特征为“午峰晚峰”型，峰值发生的时间因季节而异，主要由不同季节人类作息的起止时间不同所致，O3日变化为单峰型，夜间O3浓度较低，从早晨8:00点开始随着太阳辐射的增大和温度的升高，在15:00-16:00点左右达到峰值；（4）PM2.5的空间分布呈现出部分郊区和工业区较高，市中心居民区较低的特征，指示城市建设向郊区推进。O3浓度呈现出市区低、郊区高的空间分布特征，反映郊区植被覆盖好，释放的天然源VOCs促进了O3生成；（5）主要污染物O3与颗粒物PM2.5和PM10在春季造成的复合污染最为严重，在夏季O3与PM10造成一定程度的复合污染，在秋冬季O3浓度最低，O3与颗粒物不产生复合污染；一天之内同一时刻O3与颗粒物不会产生叠加从而造成复合污染。   相似文献   

Toxic contaminants and their biological effects in coastal waters of Xiamen,China. I. Organic pollutants in mussel and fish tissues     

Klump DW  Huasheng H  Humphrey C  Xinhong W  Codi S 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(8):752-760

Organochlorines and organophosphates were measured in four fish species (Lateolabrax japonicus, Pagrasomus major, Miichthys miiuy and Epinephalus awoara) and the mussel Perna viridis collected from aquaculture cages in coastal waters of Xiamen, China. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) metabolites were also measured in fish bile. Sites in Xiamen coastal waters (the harbour, Maluan and Tongan) are compared with a "cleaner" reference site at Dongshan Island. DDT was found in livers of all fish sampled (May 1998, 1999 and December 1999) ranging from 0.15 to 2.2 microg/g WW, but levels in muscle tissue (<0.5 ng/g to 0.22 microg/g WW) were at least an order of magnitude lower in the harbour, and were not detectable (<0.5 ng/g) in Tongan samples. All other pesticides examined were not detected in fish or mussels, except for dieldrin in one liver sample (0.07 microg/g WW). Food of the caged fish, small fish and dried pellets, had very low (0.015-0.027 microg/g WW) or non-detectable levels of DDT, indicating significant bioaccumulation of contaminants in caged fish and/or other possible sources of uptake (water and sediments). DDT levels in fish varied with species. DDT contamination in fish livers and whole mussels varied significantly with location. Highest concentrations in fish occurred in the harbour, and less consistently so in Tongan. Dongshan and Maluan had comparatively low levels of DDT. Relatively low residues of DDT in both fish and mussels at Dongshan likely reflect lower levels of pesticide input at this reference site. However, the low levels of DDT contamination in fish tissues from Maluan were unexpected in view of the close proximity of the harbour and possibly reflect the removal of particulate-bound contaminants by the intensive bivalve culture there. Consistently high proportions of DDT in the form of the parent compound (p,p'-DDT: fish 30-45%; mussels 40-65%) from all sites suggest recent releases of this chemical to the environment. Levels of two main groups of PAH metabolites (naphthalene and phenanthrene) in fish bile suggest a different environmental distribution pattern than that of pesticides, in that Dongshan fish appear to be no less exposed to hydrocarbons than those from Xiamen coastal waters.  相似文献   

Quality issues in harvested rainwater in arid and semi-arid Loess Plateau of northern China   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Kun Zhu  Linus Zhang  William Hart  Mancang Liu  Hui Chen 《Journal of Arid Environments》2004,57(4):487-505

Loess soils cover vast areas in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern China. Due to the lack of reliable surface water and ground-water, rainwater harvesting has played a prominent role in farmers’ domestic usage and agricultural irrigation. An economical and valid type of water storage cistern with optimum design of components has been introduced to rural areas in the Loess Plateau. Different collection alternatives showed apparent variations in rainwater quality. By using different catchments, such as mortar roofs and cement-paved courtyards, compacted land or road surfaces, rainwater can be effectively collected for storage in cisterns. This study focused mainly on the quality of rainwater harvested from the different catchment systems and stored for different periods of time. By analysis of the water samples stored in these cisterns, it was evident that rainwater quality could be improved significantly by self-purification during the storage. With emphasis on rainwater quality affected by the different catchment systems, it was found that the measured inorganic compounds in the rainwater harvested from roof-yard catchment systems generally matched the WHO standards for drinking water, while the concentrations of some inorganic compounds in the rainwater collected from land and road surfaces appeared to be higher than the guideline values for drinking water, but generally not beyond the maximum permissible concentrations. However, Fecal Coliform, which is an important bacteriological parameter for the three catchment systems, exceeded the limits of drinking water to a greater extend. Trace amounts of 55 organic pollutants were identified, including aliphatic hydrocarbons, aromatic compounds and phthalate esters, etc. The analytical results indicated that roof-yard catchments that included the “first flush” usually provided safe drinking water with low organic contents, even for rainwater collected immediately after rainfall. In contrast, rainwater harvested from road surfaces had poor quality with respect to the organic constituents, regardless of stored time.  相似文献   

大气污染扩散对输变电设备染污的影响     

朱庚富  林成安 《气象科学》1997,17(1):69-76

本文利用八十年代以来大气边界层的研究成果，建立起一套先进，实用的大气扩散模式系统，并对Ｂｒｉｇｇｓ的烟气穿透算法作了改进，在此基础上，结合风洞试验结果。首次实现了对输变电设备绝缘子表面积污密度和盐密的预测。结果表明，该预测精度较高。  相似文献   

两广大陆地区酸雨的时空分布规律和化学特点   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

齐立文 《气象》1993,19(11):8-12

自１９８８年１月至１９８９年１２月，建立了一个包括７０个监测点的酸沉降测网，进行了常规的干，湿沉降同步观测，获得了大量的监测数据，结果表明：两广地区大面积出现酸雨，酸雨污染较严重地区是广东省粤北和珠江三角洲及广西的“汀桂走廊”。这些地区经济发展迅速，又是ＳＯ２，ＮＯｘ排放量较多的地区。降水酸度季节分布明显，即：春季＞冬季＞秋季＞夏季。降水中主要离子是Ｃａ＾２＋，ＮＨ＾＋４和ＳＯ＾２－４，化学组成以  相似文献