An approximation of the sediment budget of the lower mississippi river prior to major human modification     

Richard H. Kesel  Elaine G. Yodis  David J. McCraw 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1992,17(7):711-722

A sediment budget is constructed for the Lower Mississippi River prior to the introduction of most human modifications. Components of the budget are derived from historical data including Mississippi River Commission hydrographic survey maps for the period from 1877 to 1924. A quantitative estimate of major sediment sources, sinks and storage locations in the Lower Mississippi Valley suggest that the most important sediment source was from bank caving and that at least 50 per cent more sediment was deposited in short-term channel storage than in longer-term overbank storage. The budget indicates that the proportion of sediment transported as bedload was significantly greater than previously estimated. The magnitude and variability of these sediment budget components are discussed. The results of the study suggest that prior to modifications the river was aggrading over much of its length.  相似文献   

Active and laboratory experiments in space plasma physics     

Walter Gekelman 《Surveys in Geophysics》1995,16(3):457-485

This report focuses on active experiments in space as well as laboratory experiments which are directly related to space phenomena. The active experiments involve particle releases in the CRESS and AMPTE missions. Unexpected results such as the motion of the plasma triggered several interesting computer simulations and a laboratory experiment which will be reviewed. Critical Ionization Phenomena will be discussed in this context. A recent release over Arecibo was used to create a plasma lens to focus radiation from the HF heater beam. The higher power triggered several nonlinear processes. Advances in plasma sources and diagnostics have made it possible to scale many laboratory experiments. Discussed here are experiments on Alfvén waves generated by a localized source, 3D magnetic field line reconnection, three dimensional magnetized double layers and simulations of a tethered satellite.  相似文献   

Benthic Front and the Yamato Basin Bottom Water in the Japan Sea     

Tomoharu?SenjyuEmail author  Yutaka?Isoda  Takafumi?Aramaki  Shigeyoshi?Otosaka  Shinzo?Fujio  Daigo?Yanagimoto  Takashi?Suzuki  Kenshi?Kuma  Kosuke?Mori 《Journal of Oceanography》2005,61(6):1047-1058

Hydrographic observations have revealed detailed structure of the Bottom Water in the Japan Sea. The Yamato Basin Bottom Water (YBBW) exhibits higher temperatures and lower dissolved oxygen concentrations than those found in the Japan Basin Bottom Water (JBBW). Both Bottom Waters meet around the boundary region between the Yamato and the Japan Basins, forming a clear benthic front. The structure of the benthic front suggests an estuary-like water exchange between both Basins, with the inflow from the Japan Basin passing under the outflow from the Yamato Basin. It is inferred from the property distributions that the JBBW flowing into the Yamato Basin is entrained by the cyclonic circulation in the basin, and modified to become the YBBW. Vertical diffusion and thermal balance in the YBBW are examined using a box model. The results show that the effect of geothermal heating has about 70% of the magnitude of the vertical thermal diffusion and both terms cancel the advection term of the cold JBBW from the Japan Basin. The box model also estimates the turnover time and vertical diffusivity for the YBBW as 9.1 years and 3.4 × 10⁻³ m²s^{− 1}, respectively.  相似文献   

超声改性对不同粘土去除藻华生物效率的影响     

姜文彬  俞志明  曹西华  邱丽霞  宋秀贤 《海洋与湖沼》2018,49(3):560-567

粘土表面改性方法是提高改性粘土絮凝有害藻华效率的关键。本文研究了超声改性法对粘土去除藻华生物效率的影响,对比分析了粘土颗粒在改性前后的粒度分布、扫描电镜图像以及表面电位等理化特征变化,进而初步探讨了超声改性的作用机制。结果显示,超声改性处理可以有效提高本研究中所试验五种粘土去除藻华生物能力。超声改性导致粘土颗粒粒径进一步减小,且超声时间越长,颗粒粒径越小;超声处理后的粘土粒度分布集中、颗粒均匀,延长超声处理时间可以有效提高增效效果。同时发现,超声改性后粘土颗粒的表面电位负电性变弱,降低了粘土颗粒与表面负电性藻细胞之间的静电斥力,从而提高了粘土对藻华生物藻细胞的絮凝去除能力。本研究探索了提高粘土去除藻华生物效率的新方法,为进一步增强改性粘土去除能力提供了参考。  相似文献   

Quantifying annual land-cover change and vegetation greenness variation in a coastal ecosystem using dense time-series Landsat data     

Dengqiu Li  Nan Li  Ming Wu  Xuexin Shao 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2019,56(5):769-793

Land-cover change may affect water and carbon cycles when transitioning from one land-cover category to another (land-cover conversion, LCC) or when the characteristics of the land-cover type are altered without changing its overall category (land-cover modification, LCM). Given the increasing availability of time-series remotely sensed data for earth monitoring, there has been increased recognition of the importance of accounting for both LCC and LCM to study annual land-cover changes. In this study, we integrated 1,513 time-series Landsat images and a change-updating method to identify annual LCC and LCM during 1986–2015 in the coastal area of Zhejiang Province, China. The purpose was to quantify their contributions to land-cover changes and impacts on the amount of vegetation. The results show that LCC and LCM can be successfully distinguished with an overall accuracy of 90.0%. LCM accounted for 22% and 40.5% of the detected land-cover changes in reclaimed and inland areas, respectively, during 1986–2015. In the reclaimed area, LCC occurred mostly in muddy tidal flats, construction land, aquaculture ponds, and freshwater herbaceous land, whereas LCM occurred mostly in freshwater herbaceous land, Spartina alterniflora, and muddy tidal flats. In the inland area, both LCC and LCM were concentrated in forest and dryland. Overall, LCC had a mean magnitude of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) change similar to that of LCM. However, LCC had a positive effect and LCM had a negative effect on NDVI change in the reclaimed area. Both LCC and LCM in the inland area had negative impacts on vegetation greenness, but LCC resulted in larger NDVI change magnitude. Impacts of LCC and LCM on vegetation greenness were quantified for each land-cover type. This study provided a methodological framework to take both LCC and LCM into account when analyzing land-cover changes and quantified their effects on coastal ecosystem vegetation.  相似文献   

MODIFICATION OF AGRICULTURE LANDSCAPE IN THREE-RIVER AREA IN XIZANG     

王家骥  高吉喜  舒俭民  菅小东  李京荣  常虹  童岩 《中国地理科学(英文版)》1999,9(2):120-125

Ｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｒｉｖｅｒａｒｅａ（ｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｄｒａｉｎａｇｅａｒｅａｏｆｔｈｅＹａｒｌｕｎｇＺａｎｇｂｏＲｉｖｅｒｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｉｔｓｔｒｉｂｕｔａｒｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＬｈａｓａＲｉｖｅｒａｎｄｔｈｅＮｙａｎｇｑｕＲｉｖｅｒ）ｉｓａｎｅｃｏ...  相似文献   

Research and application of mud proportioning optimization of slurry balance shield in mudstone and gravel composite stratum     

SONG Yang  LI Ang  WANG Wei-yi  DU Chun-sheng  ZHANG Duo  FU Xing-xing 《岩土力学》2021,41(12):4054-4062

Slurry performance is one of the key factors to maintain the stability of excavation face when slurry balance shield is tunneling in complex strata. Based on the engineering background of slurry shield tunneling in mudstone and gravel composite stratum of Nanning Metro Line 5, the control variable method and the self-made slurry shield tunneling system are adopted to compare and select the mud admixture and to analyze the influence of the admixture amount and the formation composite ratio on the slurry relative density. Then, the mud permeability law and the dynamic and static mud film forming law under different formation composite ratios, swelling water ratios and slag dosages are analyzed comprehensively by factorial design. The results show that different admixtures have significant influence on the properties of bentonite slurry. Specifically, potassium methyl silicate and potassium chloride can effectively reduce the relative density of slurry, while sodium chloride and sodium silicate can promote the disintegration of mudstone in water. In addition, the slag admixture can effectively reduce the water filtration, improving the film quality and reducing the consumption of bentonite. When the cutter head speed is less than or equal to 2.5 r/min, the formation rate of mud film is greater than or equal to the failure rate so as to ensure the stability of driving face. The mud swelling water ratio suitable for mudstone and gravel composite stratum (composite ratio: 0?1) is 0.1?0.20, the residue content is 100?200 g/kg, and the potassium methyl silicate is 3.75%?7.50%.  相似文献   

风电场两种超短期风速预报方法的效果对比     

王彬滨  吴息  余江  周海  闫瑞琪 《气象科学》2015,35(1):71-76

针对风电场所需的时效在0~4 h,且时间分辨率不低于15 min的超短期风速预报。根据测风塔实时发回的实测风速序列,建立了基于BP神经网络的风电场风速时间序列外延预报模型。另一方面,建立 MM5模式预报风速与实测风速的误差序列,并利用BP神经网络作误差序列的外延预报,从而利用误差的预报值对MM5风速预报值进行订正,获得新的预报值。综合对两种方法的预报效果指标分析以及拟合曲线的比较结果表明:使用BP神经网络对MM5风速预报值进行修订的方法在总体上效果较优,特别是当影响风电场的天气系统变化明显,近地层风速变率较大时,该方法的预报效果更具有明显的优势。  相似文献   

基于GIS的人工影响天气系统设计与实现     

蔡苏鹏  杜景林 《南京气象学院学报》2015,7(5):427-433

综合分析与总结了人工影响天气终端软件在框架结构和GIS应用方面的现状及存在的问题,针对人影的特定业务需求,提出了基于开源GIS的插件式人工影响天气指挥系统的设计方案.以.NET为开发平台,采用插件式GIS应用框架的二次开发方式设计系统架构,同时结合GDAL与SharpMap实现系统的GIS功能需求.在此基础上,详细阐述了插件模块和各GIS功能模块的实现,并给出了人工影响天气指挥系统的具体设计方法.实际运行效果表明,该指挥系统极大地提高了人影业务功能扩展以及后期维护的效率.  相似文献   

地球外部扰动重力严密改化模型及分析检验   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

黄谟涛  邓凯亮  吴太旗  欧阳永忠  陈欣  熊雄  刘敏  王许 《地球物理学报》2022,65(3):924-938

直接积分模型是计算地球外部扰动重力的主要数学工具,将全球积分模型改化为局域积分模型是实现地球外部重力场赋值的前提条件.相比表层积分模型和向上延拓积分模型,Stokes积分模型要求的输入信息种类最少,故在减轻数据保障压力方面具有比较明显的优势.在实施Stokes积分模型工程化应用过程中,我们发现扰动重力径向分量积分模型从...  相似文献