长链烷基二醇在海洋环境重建中的研究进展     

侯笛  张俊杰  邢磊  周阳 《地球科学进展》2019,(2):140-147

长链烷基二醇类化合物(Long-chain alkyl diols)是指在碳链的1号位置和链中位置连接有羟基基团的类脂化合物,普遍存在于海洋、河流和湖泊环境中。由于这类化合物分布广泛、性质稳定不易降解、且检测手段较为简单,因此具有作为生物标志物的潜力,在生物地球化学领域引起了广泛的研究和关注。关于其生物来源尚未有定论,但是研究发现1,13-diols和1,15-diols可能主要来自真眼点藻,而14-diols主要来自硅藻Proboscia。目前根据长链烷基二醇建立的指标包括:硅藻生产力、上升流强度、盐度、温度、河流输入和表层海水营养盐浓度等,对古环境气候的重建有着重要的意义。归纳总结了目前长链烷基二醇指标的研究和应用进展,这有助于未来我国边缘海长链烷基二醇来源以及二醇指标的深入研究。  相似文献   

南海北部MD12-3432站深海氧同位素MIS6期到MIS5期陆源沉积物元素比值反映的古气候变化     

曲华祥  黄宝琦 《地学前缘》2019,26(3):236-242

海洋沉积物中的某些主微量元素与沉积物源区有着密切的联系,它们之间的比值变化受到源区化学风化强度的影响,因此这些元素的比值变化可以反映出海洋沉积物源区古气候的变化。本文研究了南海北部陆坡MD12-3432站位深海氧同位素6期和5期(MIS6/5) 沉积物的主微量元素,发现其表现出良好的气候控制变化特征,K/Ti、Mg/Ti、Al/Ti、Fe/Ti、Co/Ti、Zn/Ti和V/Ti等比值在MIS 5期时较高,而在MIS6期时较低。南海北部的碎屑物质主要来自中国华南地区,沉积物中元素比值的变化表明间冰期时(MIS5)华南地区陆壳化学风化增强,说明该时期华南陆地气候环境温暖湿润,这可能是间冰期时东亚夏季风加强的结果;而冰期时南海北部沉积物源区化学风化减弱,则与此时东亚冬季风较强,华南地区气候干燥寒冷相关。同时,与表层海水生产力相关的Ba/Ti比值在间冰期较高而冰期较低,反映出南海北部在间冰期时表层生产力较高而冰期时相对较低,这可能是由于东亚夏季风增强带来更多降雨,陆地化学风化作用加强,大量营养成分随河流进入南海,导致南海北部表层海水生产力增加。  相似文献   

龙门山构造带晚新生代剥蚀作用与均衡隆升的地表过程研究     

闫亮  李勇  邓涛  颜照坤  云锟  邵崇建  董顺利 《地球学报》2019,40(1):76-92

基于SRTM DEM数据,以青藏高原东缘龙门山地区为研究区域,本文通过条带状剖面分析、古地形面(残余面)恢复以及弹性挠曲模拟等研究手段,计算了青藏高原东缘龙门山地区晚新生代地壳均衡隆升与地表剥蚀之间的定量关系,探讨了龙门山地区表面剥蚀作用与均衡隆升作用之间的地表响应过程,从而为研究青藏高原东缘龙门山地区晚新生代以来的剥蚀—成山作用的隆升机制提供定量依据。研究表明:(1)晚新生代以来龙门山的地表剥蚀量为(0.74～1.14)×105km3;(2)大量的地表剥蚀作用驱动了青藏高原东缘龙门山的地壳均衡反弹,使龙门山隆升了近2 km;(3)龙门山地区地表剥蚀量和均衡隆升量具有空间匹配性,岷山断块及龙门山中、南段的均衡隆升量高于青藏高原东缘其它区域,反映了晚新生代以来龙门山地区在不同分段内差异化的构造地貌形态及与剥蚀—隆升相关的地表过程。(4)龙门山的隆升是多期、多种隆升机制叠加的产物,其隆升过程具有历史性和复合性。均衡隆升和剥蚀作用在相似的时间尺度上和空间尺度上控制着龙门山地貌的形成,约束了青藏高原东缘龙门山的隆升机制。  相似文献   

中国历史耕地变化及其对自然环境的影响^*   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

方修琦  叶瑜  张成鹏  唐婵婵 《古地理学报》2019,21(1):160-174

农业开发已经直接或间接地影响并正在影响自然环境的许多方面,中国农业开发历史悠久,对自然环境造成的影响广泛而强烈,对认识人类活动导致的全球与区域环境变化具有代表性。文中总结了近年来基于考古和历史文献记录的中国历史耕地变化定量重建和耕地开发环境影响的研究成果。主要结论包括: (1)中国在历史耕地变化重建方面具有独特的优势,主要数据源包括田亩、税赋、人口等与耕地数量相关的数值记录,考古遗址点、聚落、路网、行政建制等与农业活动相关的信息,有关土地开发和农业生产的描述性记录等三大类。 (2)对全国尺度的耕地面积推断始于春秋战国时期,过去1000年以来已重建了省(路)域的垦殖率,过去300年基于历史记录重建的东北、华北等区域垦殖率的分辨率已到县,在重建基础上利用分配模型获得的过去300年格网化垦殖率的分辨率可达10 km×10 km甚至1 km×1 km。相比于当前广泛使用的国际数据集,这些区域定量重建结果更为准确。(3)历史时期中国耕地的3次大规模扩张分别主要出现在西汉、两宋和清中叶,与此相对应,植被破坏和水土流失从北方地区扩展到南方地区,从平原低地扩展到低山丘陵、深山地区;过去300年耕地变化导致了碳排放的增加和可辨识的区域气候变化。未来中国的历史耕地变化重建及其对环境影响研究,应与国际过去土地利用/覆盖研究衔接,研究重点为延长历史耕地重建时限、提高重建单元的空间分辨率和改进耕地格网化分配模型。  相似文献   

Magmatism and metamorphism at ca. 1.45 Ga in the northern Gawler Craton: The Australian record of rifting within Nuna (Columbia)     

Laura J. Morrissey  Karin M. Barovich  Martin Hand  Katherine E. Howard  Justin L. Payne 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(1):175-194

U-Pb monazite and zircon geochronology and calculated metamorphic phase diagrams from drill holes in the northern Gawler Craton, southern Australia, reveal the presence of ca. 1.45 Ga magmatism and metamorphism. Magmatism and granulite facies metamorphism of this age has not previously been recognised in the Gawler Craton. The magmatic rocks have steep LREE-enriched patterns and high Ga/Al values, suggesting they are A-type granites. Calculated metamorphic forward models suggest that this event was associated with high apparent thermal gradients and reached pressures of 3.2 -5.4 kbar and temperatures of 775-815℃. The high apparent thermal gradients may reflect pluton-enhanced metamorphism, consistent with the presence of A-type granites. The recognition of ca. 1.45 Ga tectonism in the northern Gawler Craton is added to a compilation of ca. 1.50 -1.40 Ga magmatism, shear zone reactivation, rift basin development and isotope resetting throughout the South and North Australian Cratons that shows that this event was widespread in eastern Proterozoic Australia. This event is stylistically similar to ca. 1.45 Ga A-type magmatism and high thermal gradient metamorphism in Laurentia in this interval and provides further support for a connection between Australia and Laurentia during the Mesoproterozoic. The tectonic setting of the 1.50-1.40 Ga event is unclear but may record rifting within the Nuna(or Columbia) supercontinent, or a period of intracontinental extension within a long-lived convergent setting.  相似文献   

Global kinematics of tectonic plates and subduction zones since the late Paleozoic Era     

Alexander Young  Nicolas Flament  Kayla Maloney  Simon Williams  Kara Matthews  Sabin Zahirovic  R.Dietmar Müller 《地学前缘(英文版)》2019,10(3):989-1013

  相似文献   

Reconstruction of phytoplankton productivity and community structure in the South Yellow Sea     

《China Geology》2019,2(3):315-324

The sedimentary environment and ecological system in the South Yellow Sea (SYS) changed dramatically due to sea level change caused by glacial-interglacial cycles. The authors report the use of marine biomarkers (brassicasterol, dinosterol and C³⁷ alkenones) and terrigenous biomarkers (C²⁸+C³⁰+C³² n-alkanols) in core DLC70-3 from the SYS to reconstruct the variation in the phytoplankton productivity and community structure and possible mechanisms during the middle Pleistocene. The results show that the primary productivity and that of single algae presented a consistent trend for the whole core during the middle Pleistocene, which was high during interglacial periods and low during glacial periods, with the highest being in marine isotope stage (MIS) 5–9 and MIS 19–21. The main reason is that the Yellow Sea Warm Current (YSWC) carried much of high temperature, high salinity water into the SYS, causing upwelling and vertical mixing and stirring, which increased the nutrient supply in the photosynthetic layer. The phytoplankton community structure mainly showed an increase in the relative content of haptophytes in MIS 5–9 and MIS 19–21, while the relative content of diatoms and dinoflagellates decreased; there was no evidence for a haptophyte content in other stages. The results reveal a shift from a coccolitho-phorid-dominated community during MIS 5 –9 and MIS 19 –21 to a diatom-dominated community during the other stages, mainly as a result of surface salinity variation, attributed to the invasion of the YSWC during high sea level periods.  相似文献   

CLDASSD: Reconstructing Fine Textures of the Temperature Field Using Super-Resolution Technology     

Ruian TIE  Chunxiang SHI  Gang WAN  Xingjie HU  Lihua KANG  Lingling GE 《大气科学进展》2022,39(1):117-130

Before 2008,the number of surface observation stations in China was small.Thus,the surface observation data were too sparse to effectively support the High-resolution China Meteorological Administration’s Land Assimilation System(HRCLDAS)which ultimately inhibited the output of high-resolution and high-quality gridded products.This paper proposes a statistical downscaling model based on a deep learning algorithm in super-resolution to research the above problem.Specifically,we take temperature as an example.The model is used to downscale the 0.0625°×0.0625°,2-m temperature data from the China Meteorological Administration’s Land Data Assimilation System(CLDAS)to 0.01°×0.01°,named CLDASSD.We performed quality control on the paired data from CLDAS and HRCLDAS,using data from 2018 and 2019.CLDASSD was trained on the data from 31 March 2018 to 28 February 2019,and then tested with the remaining data.Finally,extensive experiments were conducted in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region which features complex and diverse geomorphology.Taking the HRCLDAS product and surface observation data as the"true values"and comparing them with the results of bilinear interpolation,especially in complex terrain such as mountains,the root mean square error(RMSE)of the CLDASSD output can be reduced by approximately 0.1℃,and its structural similarity(SSIM)was approximately 0.2 higher.CLDASSD can estimate detailed textures,in terms of spatial distribution,with greater accuracy than bilinear interpolation and other sub-models and can perform the expected downscaling tasks.  相似文献   

岩心CT三维成像与多相驱替分析系统   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

盛强  施晓乐  刘维甫  邢义良 《CT理论与应用研究》2005,14(3):8-12

介绍了研制"岩心CT三维成像、多相驱替分析系统"软件的主要研究对象,一是平面图像处理部分,二是DR试验中饱和度计算问题,三是岩心三维实体重建.  相似文献   

利用贺兰山北部树轮资料重建过去270年以来6～8月平均干燥指数   总被引：17，自引：11，他引：6       下载免费PDF全文

刘禹  王雷  史江峰  蔡秋芳 《第四纪研究》2005,25(5):540-544

采用油松树轮晚材宽度,重建了贺兰山北部地区过去270年以来夏季(6～8月)干燥指数,重建序列的方差解释量(R2)为52%。并发现干燥指数大于均值的年份有1745～1756年、1847～1864年、1925～1933年,小于均值的年份有1731～1744年、1775～1788年、1798～1808年、1865～1877年、1973～1992年;11年滑动平均后发现18世纪50年代前后、19世纪50～60年代、20世纪20年代后期以及30年代初为较干旱时期,干旱时期干燥度变率较小,而湿润时段干燥度变率较大,反映了贺兰山地区气候变化的一个特点,即干旱年会连续出现;周期分析表明,干燥度指数存在22年的准周期。  相似文献