由现场离水辐亮度估算黄海透明度几种方法的比较   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

傅克忖  曾宪模  任敬萍  荒川久幸  佐藤博雄 《海洋科学进展》1999,(2)

本文根据黄海现场离水辐亮度及遥感反射比,采用４种统计算法估算海水透明度（Ｓｅｃｃｈｉ　Ｄｉｓｃ　Ｄｅｐｔｈ）。前２种算法中海水透明度作为因变量,两不同波段辐亮度之比及两辐亮度之和与第三者之比分别作为自变量,进行一元回归分析,前者相关系数ｒ２为０．９３３５。后者相关系数ｒ２为０．９４８３。第３种算法中,所有波段的遥感反射比做因子分析形成的主因子作为自变量,透明度作为因变量进行多元回归分析,子样全相关系数ｒ２为０．９６４９。第４种算法中,遥感反射比作为自变量,透明度作为因变量进行逐步回归分析,复相关系数ｒ２为０．９８１５。计算结果表明,多元统计分析的估算精度高于一元回归分析。  相似文献   

云南严重低温霜冻灾害天气个例分析   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

解明恩程建刚  鲁亚斌范菠 《气象科技》2005,33(3):250-255

1999年12月下旬特大霜冻灾害是云南1951年以来损失最大的一次自然灾害,受灾面积85万hm^2,直接经济损失55亿元。利用高空和地面气象资料,分析了严重低温霜冻灾害的天气成因,并与历史上的1973／1974、1975／1976年冬季云南两次严重霜冻灾害进行了比较。结果表明：特大霜冻灾害是在云南连续暖冬背景下发生的,对云南经济作物和热带作物的危害最大。高空冷平流与地面冷高压控制下长时间夜间晴空辐射冷却降温是此次重霜冻形成的主要原因,500hPa、700hPa偏北气流和干冷南支槽是主要影响天气系统。碧空无云、静风、湿度小、气温低、气压高、露点温度特低是此次重霜冻的主要气象要素变化特征。冻害以滇南热带作物种植区最为严重。关键词霜冻低温冷平流晴空辐射暖冬  相似文献   

Application of ATOVS microwave radiance assimilation to rainfall prediction in Summer 2004   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

齐琳琳  孙建华 《大气科学进展》2006,23(5):815-830

Experiments are performed in this paper to understand the influence of satellite radiance data on the initial field of a numerical prediction system and rainfall prediction. First, Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit A （AMSU-A） and Unit B （AMSU-B） radiance data are directly used by three-dimensional variational data assimilation to improve the background field of the numerical model. Then, the detailed effect of the radiance data on the background field is analyzed. Secondly, the background field, which is formed by application of Advanced Television and Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder （ATOVS） microwave radiance assimilation, is employed to simulate some heavy rainfall cases. The experiment results show that the assimilation of AMSU-A （B） microwave radiance data has a certain impact on the geopotential height, temperature, relative humidity and flow fields. And the impacts on the background field are mostly similar in the different months in summer. The heavy rainfall experiments reveal that the application of AMSU-A （B） microwave radiance data can improve the rainfall prediction significantly. In particular, the AMSU-A radiance data can significantly enhance the prediction of rainfall above 10 mm within 48 h, and the AMSU-B radiance data can improve the prediction of rainfall above 50 mm within 24 h. The present study confirms that the direct assimilation of satellite radiance data is an effective way to improve the prediction of heavy rainfall in the summer in China.  相似文献   

Evaluation of ADEOS-II GLI ocean color atmospheric correction using SIMBADA handheld radiometer data     

Hajime Fukushima  Mitsuhiro Toratani  Hiroshi Murakami  Pierre-Yves Deschamps  Robert Frouin  Akihiko Tanaka 《Journal of Oceanography》2007,63(3):533-543

The performance of the “version 2” Global Imager (GLI) standard atmospheric correction algorithm, which includes empirical absorptive aerosol correction and sun glint correction, was evaluated using data collected with handheld above-water SIMBADA radiometers during 23 cruises of opportunity (research vessels, merchant ships), mostly in the North Atlantic and European seas. A number of 100 match-up data sets of GLI-derived and SIMBADA-measured normalized water-leaving radiance (nL _W ) and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) were sorted out, using objective selection criteria, and analyzed. The Root-Mean-Square (RMS) difference between GLI and SIMBADA nL _W was about 0.32 μW/cm²/nm/sr for the 412 nm band, showing improvement by 30% in RMS difference with respect to the conventional “version 1” GLI atmospheric correction algorithm, and the mean difference (or bias) was reduced significantly. For AOT, the RMS difference was 0.1 between GLI estimates and SIMBADA measurements and the bias was small (a few 0.01), but the ?ngstr?m exponent was systematically underestimated, by 0.4 on average, suggesting a potential GLI calibration offset in the near infrared. The nL _W differences were not correlated to AOT, although performance was best in very clear conditions (AOT less than 0.05 in the 865 nm band). Despite the relatively large scatter between estimated and measured nL _W , the derived chlorophyll-a concentration estimates, applying the same ratio algorithm (GLI OC4V4) to GLI and SIMBADA, were consistent and highly correlated in the range of 0.05–2 μg/l. The large variability in chlorophyll-a concentration estimate for clear clean water areas (e.g. with the concentration range lower than about 0.05 μg/l) turns out to be due to the nature of the “band ratio” based in-water algorithm.  相似文献   

用FY-2C静止气象卫星资料计算射出长波辐射通量密度   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

吴晓 《气象科技》2007,35(4):474-479

介绍用FY-2C静止气象卫星资料估算射出长波辐射(OLR)的方法,包括FY-2C OLR反演模式的建立、由FY-2C窗区通道1、窗区通道2、水汽通道遥测数据计算OLR的详细步骤;给出了FY-2C OLR产品的精度:与相近时刻的NOAA卫星OLR产品相对比,两颗星OLR产品的等值线图基本完全一致,图上绝大部分偏差0~10 W/m,最大偏差20 W/m;并给出了FY-2C OLR产品的实例及其初步应用。  相似文献   

Influence of Surface Temperature and Emissivity on AMSU-A Assimilation over Land          下载免费PDF全文

HE Wenying  LIU Zhiquan  CHEN Hongbin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2011,25(5):545-557

AMSU-A (Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A) measurements for channels that are sensitive to the surface over land have not been widely assimilated into numerical weather prediction (NWP) models due to complicated land surface features. In this paper, the impact of AMSU-A assimilation over land in Southwest Asia is investigated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. Four radiance assimilation experiments with different land-surface schemes are designed, then compared and verified against radiosonde observations and global analyses. Besides the surface emissivity calculated from the emissivity model and surface temperature from the background field in current WRF variational data assimilation (WRF-VAR) system, the surface parameters from the operational Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System (MSPPS) are introduced to understand the influence of surface parameters on AMSU-A assimilation over land. The sensitivity of simulated brightness temperatures to different surface configurations shows that using MSPPS surface alternatives significantly improves the simulation with reduced root mean square error (RMSE) and allows more observations to be assimilated. Verifications of 24-h temperature forecasts from experiments against radiosonde observations and National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) global analyses show that the experiments using MSPPS surface alternatives generate positive impact on forecast temperatures at lower atmospheric layers, especially at 850 hPa. The spatial distribution of RMSE for forecast temperature validation indicates that the experiments using MSPPS surface temperature obviously improve forecast temperatures in the mountain areas. The preliminary study indicates that using proper surface temperature is important when assimilating lower sounding channels of AMSU-A over land.  相似文献   

An Ocean CAL-VAL Site at Kavaratti in Lakshadweep for Vicarious Calibration of OCM-2 and Validation of Geophysical Products—Development and Operationalization     

A. K. Shukla  K. N. Babu  R. P. Prajapati  N. M. Suthar  Ajai  A. Sinha 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):203-218

A pair of buoys (system), MET and OPTICAL, consisting of fully automated hyperspectral radiometers, fluorometer, and meteorological sensors, has been realized and deployed in deep ocean case-I site at Kavaratti in Lakshadweep, Arabian Sea, for preprogrammed in situ data collection and transmission via INSAT-3C satellite. The buoy of described configuration is capable of measuring in-water optical and biological parameters in an unattended manner for long-term time series with less vertical tilt. A robotic sun/sky photometer installed on Kavaratti Island simultaneously provides information on aerosols over the site. A combination of these parameters available hourly in real time throughout the day from unattended systems in the ocean as well as on island provides an ideal reference site. The paper reports recent collection of bio-optical marine observations over the site and use of the data for OCM-2 vicarious calibration and validation of geophysical products.  相似文献   

TWO BIAS CORRECTION SCHEMES FOR ATOVS RADIANCE DATA   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

崔丽梅  孙建华  齐琳琳 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2010,16(1):71-76

To better assimilate Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (ATOVS) radiance data and provide more accurate initial fields for a numerical model, two bias correction schemes are employed to correct the ATOVS radiance data. The difference in the two schemes lies in the predictors use in air-mass bias correction. The predictors used in SCHEME 1 are all obtained from model first-guess, while those in SCHEME 2 are from model first-guess and radiance observations. The results from the two schemes show that after bias correction, the observation residual became smaller and closer to a Gaussian distribution. For both land and ocean data sets, the results obtained from SCHEME 1 are similar to those from SCHEME 2, which indicates that the predictors could be used in bias correction of ATOVS data.  相似文献   

Calibration and Validation of an All-Sky Imager          下载免费PDF全文

HUO Juan  LU Da-Ren 《大气和海洋科学快报》2009,2(4):220-223

The automatic all-sky imager developed by the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, provides all-sky visible images in the red, green, and blue channels. This paper presents three major calibration experiments of the all-sky imager, geometric angular calibration, optical calibration, and radiometric calibration, and then infers an algorithm to retrieve relative radiance from the all-sky images. Field experiments show that the related coefficient between retrieved radiance and measured radiance is about 0.91. It is feasible to use the algorithm to retrieve radiance from images. The paper sets up a relationship between radiance and the image, which is useful for using the all-sky image in numerical-simulations that predict more meteorological parameters.  相似文献   

闪电的光辐射能分布特征   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郄秀书  谢屹然  Ralf Toumi 《高原气象》2004,23(4):476-480

对TRMM卫星上装载的闪电成像仪(LIS)所获取的闪电光辐射能进行了分析,发现在不同地区和不同的空间、时间尺度上闪电光辐射能都很好地遵循对数正态分布。文中利用了一个国际上公认的一维雷暴云起电和放电模式,对闪电放电中和的电荷量进行了数值模拟。蒙特卡罗算法表明,闪电放电所中和的电荷量也遵循对数正态分布,云中的软雹浓度、破碎系数、温度递减率、放电的电场阈值等参量的综合作用可以对其进行较好的解释,而其中任意一种参量的单独作用则不然。  相似文献