8807号登陆台风的数值研究：内核结构及能量水汽收支   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

徐亚梅 《气象学报》2007,65(6):877-887

使用PSU/NCAR研制的非静力中尺度模式MM5对登陆后维持较久的典型个例8807号台风(Bill)进行了数值模拟。模拟采用了网格距分别为18和6 km的两重双向嵌套网格。通过给定初始涡旋和选择合适的物理过程,模式不仅比较好地模拟了Bill的强度变化过程,而且再现了风暴的移动轨迹,对降水量的模拟也相当成功。文中利用细网格的模拟结果,分析台风登陆前后的内核结构特征和能量水汽收支,揭示Bill登陆后维持较久的可能原因。分析表明,Bill台风登陆后出现了中低层的稳定度特别是湿稳定度显著加大、表面热通量和水汽通量明显减小、摩擦耗散的动能显著增加等不利于台风维持的特征。但是台风登陆后眼墙结构长时间维持,在登陆初欺眼墙区的上升气流乃至较登陆前更强;台风登陆后通过低层辐合获得了大量水汽,眼墙区强劲的上升运动将低层辐合的水汽向中上层输送,在眼墙附近凝结产生大量的非绝热加热;非绝热加热不仅增暖气柱、增加位能还影响位能向动能的转换,虽然台风登陆后陆面摩擦显著加大,但气压梯度力所做的正功足以补偿摩擦耗散的动能,因而Bill能在登陆后长时间维持。  相似文献   

潜孔锤冲击静压跟管钻进施工工艺的研究     

赵大军  计胜利  曲世东  王世常 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2003,33(1):115-118

工程施工钻孔中，经常遇到不稳定地层。目前，国内外针对不稳定地层的钻孔方法很多，但都有一定的局限性，且需要大型设备施工。潜孔锤冲击静压跟客钻进工艺是利用潜孔锤在套管上部的冲击和钻机自身对套管的静压，将护壁套管下入孔内的一种钻进方法。套管下入的主要动力是潜孔锤的冲击力，钻机的静压力起辅助作用。该方法可利用小型轻便钻机钻进不稳定地层，钻孔效率高，成孔质量好，设备搬迁方便。  相似文献   

二维地形的地形阻力   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

桑建国  刘辉志  洪钟祥 《大气科学》1998,22(2):243-246

讨论了在上部稳定层覆盖的不稳定大气边界层中,二维地形扰动所引起的上层波动以及扰动速度的动量通量输送,表明在大气低层层结不稳定时,波动仍可能在大气动量平衡中起明显作用。  相似文献   

广西后汛期降水分型预报探讨     

覃志年  况雪源  钟利华 《气象研究与应用》2002,23(2):9-11

将广西后汛期降水进行 EOF分解后 ,利用前六个特征向量进行空间分型 ,并根据对应时间系数的符号及大小将降水场转化为数字化时间序列 ,再运用序相关相似方法进行因子的选取及降水场数字化时间序列的预测 ,1998- 2 0 0 1年的预报结果表明 ,效果较好  相似文献   

不稳定地温场的有限差分模拟   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

赵志根 《安徽地质》2002,12(1):59-61

对矿井地温场的研究具有多方面的意义.本文采用有限差分法对不稳定地温场进行了研究,根据数学模型建立起差分方程,编制了计算程序,并通过一个实例分析了岩床侵入煤系地层时的温度变化规律.  相似文献   

Comprehensive study on stability of deep crust and unstable behavior of earthquake source by both failure mechanism and frictional sliding mechanism     

Chao Zhang  Lianwang Chen 《地震学报(英文版)》1992,5(3):503-514

In this paper the relation between fault movement and stress state in deep crust is discussed, based on synthetic analysis of the crustal stresses measured over the world and the concerned data of focal mechanism. Using Coulomb criterion for shear failure and frictional slip, analytical expressions for estimating stabilities of intact rock and existing fault in the crust and for identifying the type of faulting (normal, strike-slip or thrust fault) are derived. By defining the Failure FunctionF _m and the Fraction FunctionF _f, which may describe steadiness of crustal rock and existing fault, respectively, a synthetic model is set up to consider both fracturing mechanism and the sliding mechanism. By this model, a method to study stability and unstable behavior of crustal rock and fault at different depths is given. According to the above model, quantitative study on the crustal stability in the North China plain is made in terms of the measured data of hydraulic fracturing stress, pore-fluid pressure, terrestrical heat flow in this region. The functionsF _m andF _f and the shear stresses on faults with different strike angle and dip angle at various depths in this region are calculated. In the calculation the constraint condition of fault movement obeys Byerlee’s Law, and the depth-dependent nonlinear change in the vertical stress due to inhomogeneity of crustal density and the high anomalous pore-fluid pressure in deep crust of this region are considered. The conclusions are: the unstable behavior of the crust in the North China plain is not failure of crustal rock but slip on existing fault; the depth range where stick-slip of fault may happen is about from 8 to 20 km or more; stability of steep fault is lower than that of gentle sloping fault; the shear stresses in the range where may occur stick-slip are nearly horizontal; the steep faults trending from NNE to NE in this region are liable to produce strong earthquakes, whose co-seismic faultings are, for the most part, right lateral slip; the change in pore-fluid pressure in depth remarkably affects the stability of the crust and the increase in pore-fluid pressure, therefore, would be an important factor exciting strong earthquake in this region. The above theoretical inferences are consistent with the data measured in this region. The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologia Sinica,13, 450–461, 1991. This work is supported by Chinese Joint Seismological Science Foundation.  相似文献   

后效严重型强震重复时间讨论   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

秦保燕  刘江峰 《内陆地震》1990,4(2):116-125

本文根据中国七个地区的古地震重复时间统计以及某些大震区的低电阻特性,建立了震源热模型并进行了定量计算。给出了后效严重型的大震(M≥7)的重复时间。  相似文献   

Using recurrent neural networks to reconstruct rainfall‐runoff processes     

Tsung‐yi Pan  Ru‐yih Wang 《水文研究》2005,19(18):3603-3619

Many novel techniques for reconstructing rainfall‐runoff processes require hydrometeorologic and geomorphologic information for modelling. However, certain information is not always measurable. In this paper, we employ a special recurrent neural network to reconstruct the rainfall‐runoff process by using collected rainfall data. In addition, we propose an indirect system identification to overcome the drawback of a traditional, time‐consuming trial‐and‐error search. The indirect system identification is an efficient method to recognize the structure of a recurrent neural network. The unit hydrograph can be derived directly from the weights of the network due to a state‐space form embedded in the recurrent neural network. This improves the link between the weights of the network and the physical concepts that most neural networks fail to connect. The case studies of 41 events from 1966 to 1997 have been implemented in Taiwan's Wu‐Tu watershed, where the runoff path‐lines are short and steep. Two recurrent neural networks and one state‐space model are utilized to simulate the rainfall‐runoff processes for comparison. The results are validated by four criteria: coefficient of efficiency; peak discharge error; time to peak arrival error; total discharge volume error. The resulting data from the recurrent neural network reveal that the neural network proposed herein is appropriate for hydrological systems. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

中国工业用地出让价格空间格局及影响因素   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

高菠阳  罗会琳  黄志基  徐凡雅  刘柏宏 《地球信息科学学报》2020,22(6):1189-1201

在财政分权和地方竞争的制度背景下,地方政府为了吸引更多企业投资,往往采取过量供应工业用地、压低工业用地价格的手段,直接导致了中国工业用地利用效率低下,甚至资源严重浪费等问题。合理调控工业用地供应规模及价格,发挥市场机制对工业用地出让价格的主导作用,是促进工业用地集约高效利用的重要途径。本文以工业用地出让价格为研究对象,利用2009、2011、2013、2015、2017年全国工业用地出让数据,采用分层模型,结合宏观和微观尺度,实证分析了中国工业用地出让价格的空间格局及关键影响因素。实证研究发现：① 我国不同区域的工业地价差异较大,政府的干预能力显著影响城市工业用地的出让价格,在控制其他影响因素下,干预能力越强,工业用地出让价格越低;② 宗地层面的因素中,距离城市中心或水源越近、交通通达度越好,工业用地的出让价格越高;③ 城市层面的因素中,人口数量越多,经济发展水平越高,工业用地的出让价格越高。本研究首次将分层模型引入实证计量方法,同时验证了影响工业用地出让价格的宏观与微观因素,是对现有工业用地出让价格研究文献的补充与延伸。  相似文献   

罗山矿区滑坡稳定性分析及治理的特殊性     

刘爱华  赵国彦  李夕兵  陈红江 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2009,20(3):11-17

河南灵宝罗山矿区海拔标高640-1100m,山高沟深,地形地貌复杂。自1982年建矿以来,地下采矿工程已在山体下形成大量采空区,这些采空区的变形、破坏和塌陷,加上生产爆破振动等的长期作用与影响,致使矿区目前存在多个受采动影响的潜在滑坡体,并严重影响矿山的正常安全、高效生产。研究、协调并解决采矿与山体稳定性之间的关系,实现在矿山不停产的情况下,完成对矿区山坡的综合治理,成为一项既具有重大经济效益,也具有相当社会影响和环境效益的工程技术难题。针对罗山矿区滑坡体的实际情况,研究指出采空区山体的稳定性具有明显的时间和空间相关特性,随着时间的推移,采矿工程的空间规模会不断扩大,采动影响的空间范围和力度将随之增加。因此,在进行采动诱导山体失稳分析计算以及治理措施研究时,必须充分考虑这种特殊的时空动态影响因素的作用,并采取相应的对策。对于受采动影响的动态不稳定体而言,柔性边坡支护体系比刚性支护体系将更为有效。  相似文献