广西贵港蒙公下泥盆统郁江组珊瑚层状礁特征          下载免费PDF全文

万洪程  孙玮  吴熙纯  刘树根  李金玺 《地质科学》2012,47(2):470-482

广西贵港蒙公下泥盆统郁江组珊瑚层状礁是广西早泥盆世塘丁期生物礁的代表。通过野外剖面的测制及详细的室内镜下薄片研究以及微量元素地球化学分析,认为该区发育由单个层状礁在垂向上反复出现形成较大规模的礁复合体。主要造礁生物为床板珊瑚、四射珊瑚,含量为70%～80%,附礁生物主要有单体珊瑚、腕足、腹足等。生物礁的生长发育与C、O同位素值呈现正相关关系。礁下部混积陆棚相泥岩是良好的烃源岩,导致了后期同层砂岩裂缝内烃类物质充注。  相似文献   

鄂西利川见天坝长兴组生物礁内部构成及成礁模式   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

胡明毅  魏欢  邱小松  赵恩璋 《沉积学报》2012,30(1):33-42

鄂西利川见天坝位于川东碳酸盐岩台地与鄂西海槽之间的台地边缘相带,晚二叠世长兴期该区水体逐渐由深变浅,发育了一套规模巨大的加积—进积型台地边缘生物礁沉积。通过野外露头剖面精细地质写实研究,对该区生物礁内部构成特征进行了深入解剖,探讨了该区生物礁发育模式。研究表明利川见天坝生物礁礁体位于长兴组层序1的高位体系域,其内部由4...  相似文献   

贵州紫云上石炭统叶状藻礁灰岩的成岩作用     

孙宝亮  巩恩普  李金梅  关长庆  张永利 《沉积学报》2012,30(1):43-53

贵州紫云县猴场镇扁平村的上石炭统中的叶状藻礁及其周边灰岩中发育强烈的成岩作用和胶结物,这些胶结物在猴场研究区内是显著的和有代表性的。通过观察、分析野外露头、光片、薄片、薄片的阴极发光和染色,来研究礁体岩石的成岩作用,确定了成岩作用序列、成岩环境、成岩阶段。成岩作用类型主要有泥晶化、溶蚀、胶结、新生变形、机械压实、剪切或...  相似文献   

A dynamic riparian forest structure model for predicting large wood inputs to meandering rivers     

John C. Stella  Li Kui  Gregory H. Golet  Frank Poulsen 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(15):3175-3193

Fluvial processes strongly influence riparian forests through rapid and predictable shifts in dominant species, tree density and size that occur in the decades following large floods. Modelling riparian forest characteristics based on the age and evolution of floodplains is useful in predicting ecosystem functions that depend on the size and density of trees, including large wood delivered to river channels, forest biomass and habitat quality. We developed a dynamic model of riparian forest structure that predicts changes in tree size and density using floodplain age derived from air photos and historical maps. Using field data and a riparian forest chronosequence for the 160-km middle reach of the Sacramento River (California, USA), we fit Weibull diameter distributions with time-varying parameters to the empirical data. Species were stratified into early and late successional groups, each with time-varying functions of tree density and diameter distributions. From these, we modelled how the number and size of trees in a stand changed throughout forest succession, and evaluated the goodness-of-fit of model predictions. Model outputs for the early successional group, composed primarily of cottonwoods and willows, accounted for most of the stand basal area and large trees >10 cm DBH for the first 50 years. Post-pioneer species with slower growth had initially low densities that increased slowly from the time of floodplain creation. Within the first 100 years, early successional trees contributed the most large wood that could influence fluvial processes, carbon storage, and instream habitat. We applied the model to evaluate the potential large wood inputs to the middle Sacramento River under a range of historical bank migration rates. Going forward, this modelling approach can be used to predict how riparian forest structure and other ecosystem benefits such as carbon sequestration and habitat quality respond to different river management and restoration actions.  相似文献   

Spatial and seasonal patterns in sighting rate and life-history composition of the white shark Carcharodon carcharias at Mossel Bay,South Africa     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):449-453

White sharks Carcharodon carcharias aggregate at specific times of the year at localities along the South African coast. At Mossel Bay, on the southern Cape coast, four sites were sampled (Seal Island, Hartenbos, Kleinbrak and Grootbrak) to investigate spatial and seasonal patterns in relative abundance and life-history composition. These are known aggregation sites within the bay, each having particular physical and/or biological characteristics. Sightings-per-unit-effort data were collected from February to December 2008–2010. Sighting rates demonstrated significant seasonal and interannual variation at the four sites. The highest mean sighting rate was recorded at Seal Island and the lowest at Hartenbos, which might be a consequence of differences in prey availability. The greatest interannual variability was recorded at Kleinbrak, followed by Seal Island, with little variability at Grootbrak and Hartenbos. White sharks appeared to concentrate at Grootbrak and Kleinbrak in summer and autumn, at Seal Island in winter, and at Hartenbos and Seal Island in spring. All life-history stages were present year-round but their occurrence was influenced significantly by season (p < 0.05), although not site. Few adults (325–424 cm total length) were seen, with the highest frequency being in spring, whereas that of young-of-the-year (≤174 cm) was in autumn. Juveniles (175–324 cm) constituted 78% of the animals sighted, indicating that Mossel Bay is an important aggregation site for this life-history stage.  相似文献   

Comparing fish communities in sanctuaries,partly protected areas and open-access reefs in South-East Africa     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):269-281

Fish were surveyed by visual census on offshore reefs in Mozambique and eastern South Africa to compare (a) fully-protected ‘sanctuary’ areas, (b) ‘partly protected’ areas where recreational diving and limited fishing are permitted, and (c) ‘open’ unprotected areas. Community composition differed between coral-dominated reefs and those covered mainly by algae and sponges, but not among treatments. Larger size classes were significantly diminished in unprotected areas compared to protected and sanctuary zones. Within coral-dominated reefs, abundances of indicator taxa showed three patterns: (1) greatest abundance in sanctuaries, intermediate in partly protected and least in open areas; (2) greatest abundance in sanctuaries but equal diminishment in partly protected and open areas; and (3) greater depletion in partly protected than either sanctuary or open areas. We conclude that partial protection does not effectively conserve reef fish, and there are indications that partly protected areas concentrate fishing effort on ‘pelagic’ gamefish. Sanctioned shore-angling and offshore ‘gamefishing’, illegal fishing and diver disturbance may collectively undermine the efficacy of partially protected areas. The depletion of reef fish species inside protected areas and reconsideration of the classification of pelagic gamefish require managerial attention. Partly protected areas in Mozambique need to be supplemented with no-take zones.  相似文献   

不同材料人工鱼礁生物诱集效果的比较     

江艳娥  陈丕茂  林昭进  方展强 《台湾海峡》2013,32(3)

参考相关资料对比水泥类、油井类、舰船类及其他类型人工鱼礁对海洋生物诱集效果,探讨不同材料人工鱼礁在诱集效果上的差异.结果表明,人工鱼礁区生物诱集效果高出天然礁区(对照区)的比率达68.75％.不同材料类型人工鱼礁的生物诱集效果存在差异:水泥类人工鱼礁生物诱集效果高于天然礁区的比率为71.43％;油井类人工鱼礁生物诱集效果高于天然礁区的比率为50.00％;舰船类人工鱼礁生物诱集效果高于天然礁区的比率为100.00％;其他类人工鱼礁生物诱集效果高于天然礁区的比率为80.00％.研究资料分析表明人工鱼礁的建设,需要更多地结合海洋物理、海洋化学、海洋生物等方面的知识,以提高人工鱼礁对海洋生物的增殖效果,促进其生态效益、经济效益和社会效益共同提高.  相似文献   

刺参养殖池塘一种塑料人工参礁表面生态学特征初步研究     

任贻超  董双林  王修滨  王芳  田相利  高勤峰 《海洋科学》2013,37(1):29-34

人工参礁在中国刺参(Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka))养殖业中被广泛应用,本文调查了2008年春、秋季刺参池塘中一种塑料人工礁表面的生物群落结构.采用沉积物捕捉器的方法调查了刺参池塘人工礁表面碳、氮、磷的循环及参礁的生态特征.结果表明,春季礁体底栖动物生物量及生物多样性高于秋季,底栖动物均集中在礁体外表面的缝隙内,4月礁体表面颗粒物,底泥沉积物总有机碳(TOC)平均含量分别为41.9 mg/g 和2.45 mg/g;总氮(TN)平均含量分别为4.1 mg/g 和0.2 mg/g.10月礁体表面颗粒物,底泥沉积物 TOC 含量分别为27.5 mg/g 和3.1 mg/g; TN 平均含量分别3.1 mg/g 和0.3 mg/g.4月 TOC, TN 沉积量分别达到711.2 mg/(m2·d)和70.7 mg/(m2·d);10月 TOC, TN 沉积量分别为804.9 mg/(m2·d)和87.3 mg/(m2·d).4月人工礁表面叶绿素/脱镁叶绿素(Chl a/Pheophytin)>1,表明礁体活体藻类较多.10月人工礁表面 Chl a/Pheophytin<1表明礁体表面降解颗粒物质较多.人工礁为刺参提供遮蔽场所,其表面生物膜为刺参提供优质食物,同时可增加池塘底面积,增强养殖系统稳定性.  相似文献   

Patterns of juvenile reef-fish recruitment in Kenya’s shallow fringing- lagoon reefs     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):291-304

Studies to understand local-scale patterns in the recruitment of juvenile coral-reef fishes within the western Indian Ocean (WIO) region are few, yet such knowledge is important in fisheries management. Underwater visual census surveys were conducted at five shallow fringing-lagoon reef sites along the Kenyan coast, between June 2012 and March 2016, to quantify patterns in the abundance of new recruits and juveniles. Recruitment was observed year-round, with a consistent pronounced seasonal peak in recruit densities and species richness during December to April of each year, which was strongly correlated with high sea temperatures. Annual variations in recruitment were also observed, with a higher recruitment peak in 2013 as compared with in other years. A total of 112 species belonging to 19 families were identified, dominated by species belonging to the Pomacentridae, Labridae and Apogonidae, which altogether represented 91% of the total number of recruits recorded. The species with the largest number of recruits (Chromis viridis, Thalassoma hebraicum and Gomphosus caeruleus) showed evidence of year-round recruitment, although the timing of recruitment peaks was not consistent. Multivariate analysis of the species composition separated mainland from offshore fringing-reef sites, and also revealed strong habitat associations, pointing towards increasing recruit abundance with increasing live hard-coral cover and rugosity. Live hard-coral cover, which constituted an average of 21%, was associated with 63% of the total number of recruits recorded. This study contributes new insight into local-scale patterns of juvenile reef-fish recruitment in Kenya and the WIO region, and demonstrates the important nursery function of shallow fringing-lagoon reefs.  相似文献   

关于青岛建设人工鱼礁改善近海生态和渔业环境的探讨   总被引：14，自引：3，他引：11  

王波  武建平  高峻  贾世敏  张成启  牟洪涛  张杰东 《海岸工程》2004,23(4):66-73

人工鱼礁的建设对整治海洋国土、建设海洋牧场、调整海洋产业结构、促进海洋产业的升级和优化、带动旅游及相关产业的发展、修复和改善海洋生态环境、增殖和优化渔业资源、拯救珍稀濒危生物和保护生物多样性、促进海洋经济持续健康发展等均具有重大的战略意义和深远的历史意义。探讨分析了青岛建设人工鱼礁的必要性、可行性,介绍了国内外人工鱼礁的建设状况,提出了人工鱼礁建设规划、设计与设置要求,以及青岛人工鱼礁建设的发展战略。  相似文献