Synthesis of zeolites using fly ash and their application in removing heavy metals from waters   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王焰新  郭永龙  杨志华  蔡鹤生  Xavier Querol 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(9):967-976

Fly ash is the solid waste of thermal power plants where coal is used as fuel, and its management and utilization have been of environmental concern for decades. Since the technique of synthesizing zeolite from coal fly ash was introduced by Holler[1] (19…  相似文献   

西北四省(区)2000年的水资源足迹   总被引：78，自引：4，他引：78  

龙爱华  徐中民  张志强 《冰川冻土》2003,25(6):692-700

水资源足迹是如实反映人类对水资源消费利用的新概念,能深刻揭示社会经济系统对水资源的消费,为干旱缺水地区水资源科学管理提供了一个新视角.提出了水资源足迹的概念和衡量方法,引进了虚拟水概念,简要介绍了产品虚拟水计算方法,并以新疆、青海、甘肃和陕西为例,计算分析了2000年各省水资源足迹.结果表明,2000年西北四省(区)总的水足迹是为613.3×108m3,人均水足迹为712.3m3·人-1·a-1和1952L·人-1·d-1,高于统计的水资源利用量.以虚拟水概念为基础的水资源足迹更真实地衡量了社会经济系统对水资源的消费利用状况,为解决区域水资源短缺和创新水资源管理体制提供了新思路,产品形式的虚拟水贸易是平衡水资源赤字、维持区域水安全的有效工具.  相似文献   

Gravity variation before Kunlun mountain pass western Ms=8.1 earthquake     

祝意青王双绪  江在森朱桂芝李辉  张永志 《地震学报(英文版)》2003,16(3):304-311

The relation between the gravity variation features and Ms=8.1 earthquake in Qinghai-Xizang monitoring area is analyzed preliminarily,by using spatial dynamic variation results of regional gravity field from absolute gravity and relative gravity observation in 1998 and 2000.The results show that:1)Ms\8.1 earthquake in Kulun mountain pass westem occurred in the gravity variation high gradient near gravity‘s high negative variation;2)The Main tectonic deformation and emnergy accumulation before MS=8.1 earthquake are distributed at south side of the epicenter;3)The range of gravity‘s high negative variation at east of the MS=8.1 earthquake epicenter relatively coincides with that rupture region according to field geology investigation;4)Gravity variation distribution in high negative value region is just consistent with the second shear strain‘s high value region of strain field obtained from GPS observation.  相似文献   

Food-web manipulation of drinking water reservoirs with salmonids: vertical distribution of prey and predator     

Robert J. Radke  Uwe KahlJürgen Benndorf 《Limnologica》2003,33(2):92-98

In a novel biomanipulation experiment salmonids were used as a tool to improve water quality. The manipulation was initiated in spring 2000 as a response to non-point sources of phosphorus in a drinking water reservoir in Saxony, Germany. Salmonids (brown trout, Salmo trutta forma lacustris) were chosen as predators as the reservoir has a large hypolimnic water body and surface temperatures rarely exceed 20 °C. The vertical distributions of prey fish and brown trout were analysed with a fleet of vertical gill nets set in the pelagic zone of the reservoir. Consumption of brown trout was estimated by means of a bioenergetic model and the diet analyses of the trout. While the dominant planktivore (roach, Rutilus rutilus) was caught almost exclusively in the epilimnion during the stratification period trout were caught mainly below a depth of 10 m. Diet analysis revealed that the trout performed vertical migrations to consume food in the epilimnic layer, as an important food component were adult terrestrial and aquatic insects. The amount of fish in the food increased strongly with the size of the brown trout. The consumption estimate suggested that the trout had consumed 2-3% of the total roach stock during the study period (May-November 2000) of the first year of biomanipulation. We conclude that in general salmonids are suitable for food-web manipulation in deep reservoirs, but the stocked fish should be as large as possible (> 300 mm) and the proportion of large trout (> 500 mm) should be as high as possible.  相似文献   

利用GPS位移和主应力方向观测资料进行川滇地区边界力的联合反演研究     

独知行  刘经南 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2003,28(2):162-166,176

在简要介绍了川滇地区的构造格局和构造运动特征的基础上，讨论了不同观测数据同时用于反演的合理性和物理意义，利用1998～2000年观测的9个测点位移数据和1986年以前所测的10个主应力方向数据，将边界力和相对权比λ作为待反演参数，并考虑了主要活动断裂运动特性，进行了弹性有限元数值反演计算。计算结果表明，现今川滇地区的构造活动主要力源仍来源于印度板块与欧亚大陆的碰撞，菲律宾海板块的挤压作用也不可忽略，这一结论说明了该地区现今构造运动的继承性活动特征。  相似文献   

Chemical, Isotopic, and Fluid Inclusion Evidence for the Hydrothermal Alteration of the Footwall Rocks of the BIF-Hosted Iron Ore Deposits in the Hamersley District, Western Australia     

Makoto Haruna    Takahiro Hanamuro    Kaoru Uyeda    Hirokazu Fujimaki  Hiroshi Ohmoto 《Resource Geology》2003,53(2):75-88

Abstract. The petrography, chemical, fluid inclusion and isotope analyses (O, Rb-Sr) were conducted for the shale samples of the Mount McRae Shale collected from the Tom Price, Newman, and Paraburdoo mines in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia. The Mount McRae Shale at these mines occurs as a footwall unit of the secondary, hematite-rich iron ores derived from the Brockman Iron Formation, one of the largest banded iron formations (BIFs) in the world. Unusually low contents of Na, Ca, and Sr in the shales suggest that these elements were leached away from the shale after deposition. The δ¹⁸O (SMOW) values fall in the range of + 15.0 to +17.9 per mil and show the positive correlation with calculated quartz/sericite ratios of the shale samples. This suggests that the oxygen isotopic compositions of shale samples were homogenized and equilibrated by postdepositional event. The pyrite nodules hosted by shales are often rimmed by thin layers of silica of varying crystallinity. Fluid inclusions in quartz crystals rimming a pyrite nodule show homogenization temperatures ranging from 100 to 240C for 47 inclusions and salinities ranging from 0.4 to 12.3 wt% NaCl equivalent for 18 inclusions. These fluid inclusion data give direct evidence for the hydrothermal activity and are comparable to those of the vein quartz collected from the BIF-derived secondary iron ores (Taylor et al, 2001). The Rb-Sr age for the Mount McRae Shale is 1,952 ± 289 Ma and at least 200 million years younger than the depositional age of the Brockman Iron Formation of ∼ 2.5 Ga in age. All the data obtained in this study are consistent with the suggestion that high temperature hydrothermal fluids were responsible for both the secondary iron ore formation and the alteration of the Mount McRae Shale.  相似文献   

Paleoecology of two marine oxygen isotope stage 7 sites correlated by the Sheep Creek tephra, northwestern North America     

Charles E Schweger 《Quaternary Research》2003,60(1):44-49

Pollen analysis at two sites, correlated by the presence of the 190,000 yr-old Sheep Creek tephra, documents fluctuations in vegetation and climate consistent with this date and indicates that the records span marine oxygen isotope stage 7 and the stage 6/7 transition. Dawson Cut, near Fairbanks, Alaska, provides a 5.2-m-long pollen record of interglacial boreal forest succeeded by shrub tundra and then forest/tundra. Ash Bend, Stewart River, central Yukon, provides a 9.5-m-long record of interglacial boreal forest succeeded by forest/tundra, shrub tundra, and herbaceous tundra. The replacement of forest at both sites by more open or tundra vegetation indicates warm interglacial conditions giving way to cold and arid climate. It is not clear whether stage 7 was warmer than the present. The warm-cool-warm climate oscillation evident at both sites may correlate to Lake Baikal substages 7a, 7b, and 7c. Sheep Creek tephra fell on forest/tundra vegetation.  相似文献   

我国能源消费结构变化与气候特征   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

袁顺全  千怀遂 《气象科技》2003,31(1):29-32

文章利用多项式法将气候耗能量从能源消费总量中分离出来，用统计分析的方法探讨了气候耗能量与气候因子之间的关系及其变化。研究表明：从20世纪50年代到80年代初期，旱涝灾害是影响我国气候耗能量的主要气候因子，它们之间存在显著的线性相关关系，随着经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高，旱涝灾害对气候耗能量的影响逐渐减弱，气温对气候耗能量的影响日趋显著，目前正处于过渡时期。  相似文献   

HLAFS和T63数值预报产品在暴雨分析中的应用     

陈威  姜荣 《黑龙江气象》1997,(3):10-12

首次使用ＨＬＡＦＳ数值预报产品对黑龙江省暴雨进行分析，结合Ｔ６３数值预报产品，利用两者提供的物理一０８时和２０时的实况场和预报场格点资料，对黑龙江省一次暴雨过程进行分析，找出了暴雨发生的物理机制，指出深厚的水汽条件以及水汽的辐合，强烈的上升运动和不稳定能量的存贮和释放是产生暴雨的关键因素。  相似文献   

大布苏湖沉积剖面碳酸盐含量氧同位素特征的古气候意义   总被引：10，自引：3，他引：10  

沈吉  吴瑞金  羊向东  潘红玺  安芷生 《湖泊科学》1997,9(3):217-222

对大布苏湖沉积剖面碳酸盐含量和氧同位素特征研究表明，湖区15000年以来经历了多期冷湿与暖干气候旋回，大约距今6700年左右，气候变干并进入稳定的温暖时期，湖水逐渐高度浓缩，形成了现今的盐碱湖。  相似文献