Multifractal characteristics of spatiotemporal distribution of earthquakes in intraplate and interplate regions     

陈时军  孙龙梅马丽 《地震学报(英文版)》2007,20(1):40-50

Introduction For a long time, the seismologists have paid great attentions to the research on the spatio- temporal distribution of earthquake intensity, which provide us with significant information for the researches on crustal stress variation, tectonic activity and earthquake risk prediction in a certain spatio-temporal region. The existing results have shown consistently that the intensity of earth- quakes is characterized by non-stability, non-linearity in temporal domain and non-uniformi…  相似文献   

潜热和惯性不稳定与气旋爆发性发展关系的数值研究   总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5  

郭大梅  丁治英 《南京气象学院学报》2005,28(6):794-800

利用PSU／NCARMM5模式对1981年12月19日20时-21日20时一次太平洋西部气旋强烈爆发过程进行干过程和控制过程对比数值模拟试验，得出：潜热释放使对流层顶和等温面抬高，气流在高层上升冷却形成扰动槽，其适应过程使高层出现惯性不稳定。惯性不稳定总是伴随强惯性稳定区存在，两者产生的加速度场可形成高层辐合、辐散引起气旋加强以及降水加大，降水加强又使潜热进一步加大和扰动槽加强，从而导致惯性不稳定加剧。这种正反馈的过程有利于气旋的加深。  相似文献   

5-氟尿嘧啶壳聚糖缓释微囊制备工艺研究     

王奎旗  管华诗 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(4)

5-氟尿嘧啶 (5- Fu)以壳聚糖为载体 ,采用乳化化学交联技术 ,制备了 5- Fu壳聚糖微囊。用正交设计安排试验 ,以微囊载药量、药物包封率、粒子分布百分数为指标优化微囊的制备工艺 ,并以最佳制备工艺条件制得含药微囊 ,方法重现性好 ,制备工艺稳定。体外释放度试验表明 ,该微囊具有较好的缓释作用。  相似文献   

花岗岩样品高温后损伤的试验研究   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

邱一平  林卓英 《岩土力学》2006,27(6):1005-1010

对河南省某地产25块花岗岩样品进行高温预热处理,测量了加温前后弹性纵波波速,并对样品进行单轴压缩应力-应变全过程试验。通过以上试验,给出如下结果：温度对岩石损伤变化的作用;温度对岩石裂隙密度和损伤应变能释放率的影响。实验结果验证了花岗岩的塑性应变主要与偏斜应力产生的形状改变比能有关,而与体积改变比能的关系不大。  相似文献   

Influence of melt‐freeze‐cycles on the radionuclide transport in homogeneous laboratory snowpack          下载免费PDF全文

Kerstin Hürkamp  Stefanie Tafelmeier  Jochen Tschiersch 《水文研究》2017,31(6):1360-1370

Radionuclides released to the environment and deposited with or onto snow can be stored over long time periods if ambient temperature stays low, particularly in glaciated areas or high alpine sites. The radionuclides will be accumulated in the snowpack during the winter unless meltwater runoff at the snow base occurs. They will be released to surface waters within short time during snowmelt in spring. In two experiments under controlled melting conditions of snow in the laboratory, radionuclide migration and runoff during melt‐freeze‐cycles were examined. The distribution of Cs‐134 and Sr‐85 tracers in homogeneous snow columns and their fractionation and potential preferential elution in the first meltwater portions were determined. Transport was associated with the percolation of meltwater at ambient temperatures above 0 °C after the snowpack became ripe. Mean migration velocities in the pack were examined for both nuclides to about 0.5 cm hr^?1 after one diurnal melt‐freeze‐cycle at ambient temperatures of ?2 to 4 °C. Meltwater fluxes were calculated with a median of 1.68 cm hr^?1. Highly contaminated portions of meltwater with concentration factors between 5 and 10 against initial bulk concentrations in the snowpack were released as ionic pulse with the first meltwater. Neither for caesium nor strontium preferential elution was observed. After recurrent simulated day‐night‐cycles (?2 to 4 °C), 80% of both radionuclides was released with the first 20% of snowmelt within 4 days. 50% of Cs‐134 and Sr‐85 were already set free after 24 hr. Snowmelt contained highest specific activities when the melt rate was lowest during the freeze‐cycles due to concentration processes in remaining liquids, enhanced by the melt‐freeze‐cycling. This implies for natural snowpack after significant radionuclide releases, that long‐time accumulation of radionuclides in the snow during frost periods, followed by an onset of steady meltwater runoff at low melt rates, will cause the most pronounced removal of the contaminants from the snow cover. This scenario represents the worst case of impact on water quality and radiation exposure in aquatic environments.  相似文献   

Development mechanisms of an explosive cyclone over East Sea on 3–4 April 2012     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2015

The development mechanisms of the explosive cyclone that occurred during 3–4 April 2012 over East Sea (Sea of Japan) are examined through numerical simulation and sensitivity experiments using the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model. The characteristics of this explosive cyclone are different from typical cyclonic features observed in this region, including its intensity, deepening rate, and formation time. Numerical simulation, reanalysis data, upper and surface weather charts, and satellite data indicate that the strong baroclinic instability and temperature advection associated with upper-level cut-off low and the interaction of potential vorticity (PV) anomalies between the lower- and upper-level are essential to explosive cyclogenesis.The sensitivity experiments of the explosive cyclone show that latent heat release (LHR) is an important factor in explosive cyclogenesis. The intensification, extent, and movement speed of the cyclone are amplified by LHR as well as the formation of an upper-level cut-off low. The role of LHR is primary important in the generation and evolution of the cyclone. Especially, the LHR contributes to roughly 50% of decrease in sea level pressure (SLP) and 50% of the central cyclone’s low-level PV generation in initial stage. During a 48-h simulation, the contributions of the LHR, surface heat flux, and their interaction on the decrease of SLP of the cyclone are found to be 40.6, −8.2, and 10.5%, respectively. These results reveal that the explosive cyclone has larger deepening rates than OJ cyclones, and develops with a large amount of LHR near the cyclone center.  相似文献   

涡度收支与潜热释放对西南低涡形成的作用          下载免费PDF全文

陈鹏  徐海明  林永辉 《大气科学学报》2014,37(5):575-584

利用中尺度WRF模式对2008年6月30日—7月1日生成于川东南地区的一个西南低涡的发生发展过程进行了数值模拟研究。模拟结果显示低涡首先出现在850 h Pa上,几个小时后700h Pa上才有低涡生成,850 h Pa低涡的形成与西南低空急流有着密切的联系。通过ω方程的诊断分析表明,涡度的水平平流项和辐散项对850 h Pa低涡的形成起主要作用,而潜热释放对850 h Pa低涡的形成作用不大;潜热加热是700 h Pa气流不断辐合从而形成低涡的主要因子。干敏感性试验研究进一步证实了潜热释放对850 h Pa低涡的影响不明显,但是会导致700 h Pa上气旋性的切变加强辐合从而形成低涡。  相似文献   

Mussel farming as a nutrient reduction measure in the Baltic Sea: consideration of nutrient biogeochemical cycles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Stadmark J  Conley DJ 《Marine pollution bulletin》2011,62(7):1385-1388

Nutrient loads from the land to the sea must be reduced to combat coastal eutrophication. It has been suggested that further mitigation efforts are needed in the brackish Baltic Sea to decrease nutrients, especially in eutrophic coastal areas. Mussel farming is a potential measure to remove nutrients directly from the sea. Mussels consume phytoplankton containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P); when the mussels are harvested these nutrients are removed from the aquatic system. However, sedimentation of organic material in faeces and pseudo-faeces below a mussel farm consumes oxygen and can lead to hypoxic or even anoxic sediments causing an increased sediment release of ammonium and phosphate. Moreover, N losses from denitrification can be reduced due to low oxygen and reduced numbers of bioturbating organisms. To reveal if mussel farming is a cost-effective mitigation measure in the Baltic Sea the potential for enhanced sediment nutrient release must be assessed.  相似文献   

Phosphorus release from coastal Baltic Sea sediments as estimated from sediment profiles   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

E. Rydin  J.M. Malmaeus  O.M. Karlsson  P. Jonsson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2011

We used the decline in total phosphorus (P) concentration with depth in sediment profiles from the North-western Baltic Proper coastal zone to calculate the site-specific amount of sediment P eventually to be released to the water column: The potentially mobile P. P fractionation revealed that iron bound P dominated the potentially mobile P at sites with oxic surface sediment layers. Organic P forms were also a major constituent of the potentially mobile P pool. We determined that 1–7 g P/m² were potentially mobile at our sites, and the turnover time of this P pool was considered short, i.e., less than a decade. To determine long-term average P fluxes to and from the surface sediment layer, we first multiplied the constant and relatively low P concentration in deeper sediment layers with the sediment accumulation rate to gain the P burial rate. Then the average total P concentration in settling matter was multiplied with the sediment accumulation rate to estimate the depositional P flux at each site. The difference between the depositional and burial rates represents the long-term average release rate of sediment P and varied between 1.0 and 2.7 g P/m² yr among our sites. These rates are at the same order of magnitude as values reported from other areas of the Baltic Sea, and constitute a major source of P to the water column.  相似文献   

浒苔孢子放散与附着萌发特性及其干出适应性的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2       下载免费PDF全文

朱明  刘兆普  徐军田  茅云翔  姚东瑞 《海洋科学》2011,35(7):1-6

研究了浒苔（Enteromorpha prolifera）孢子的放散与附着时限及其对附着基质的选择性,并探讨不同温度的干出处理对浒苔活力、孢子释放水平及其萌发的影响。实验结果表明：浒苔在20℃（黑暗）干出12h后连续放散孢子时限约为1～10h,放散高峰出现在4h左右;浒苔孢子附着时限约为1～12h,附着高峰出现在6h左...  相似文献