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21.
Sustainable water use is in serious crisis in the piedmont region of the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain, owing to rapid groundwater drawdown. Estimating the water requirement for agriculture, the biggest user of groundwater, will be helpful in understanding groundwater decline. Through the use of DSSAT‐3·5 wheat and maize models, we assessed water use in winter wheat and maize, two staple crops in the region, in 1987–2001. Trends between groundwater change and simulated agricultural water use were compared. The results showed that groundwater decline was sensitive to simulated crop water requirement and irrigation requirement. According to regression analysis, 100 mm of water requirement by cultivated land (mainly wheat and maize) resulted in about 0·64 m of groundwater decline. This relationship might be useful in understanding the regional water balance and to help decision‐makers control groundwater decline through controlling crop water use or through long‐distance water transfer. The study demonstrated the usefulness of using the DSSAT model for estimating crop water use and the effectiveness of clarifying the reason for groundwater decline using the simulation results of water use. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
22.
Advances in the Study on Nutrient Requirements of Grouper(Epinephelus sp. ):a Review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LUOZhi LIUYongjian MAIKangsen TIANLixia 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(2):93-98
The paper reviews the recent advances in studying grouper nutrition requirement for the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly artificial diets. It consists of seven parts: protein and amino acid, lipid and essential fatty acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, mineral, alternative protein source, broodstock and larval nutrition. The review provides some basic information for further investigation of nutrient requirements of groupers. 相似文献
23.
电子政务空间信息服务:需求、技术与应用 总被引:9,自引:2,他引:7
本文总结了空间信息服务的现状,讨论了电子政务与空间信息服务的关系,提出了电子政务空间信息服务的要求,讨论了空间信息服务关键技术,介绍了电子政务空间信息服务的应用情况。 相似文献
24.
水资源约束下的阿克苏河流域适宜绿洲规模分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
阿克苏绿洲是中纬度干旱区典型的绿洲灌溉系统,制定绿洲适宜发展规模、明确适宜耕地面积,可为实现绿洲的生态稳定与可持续管理提供科学依据。以中国西北干旱区的阿克苏河流域为研究对象,基于作物需水量和绿洲适宜面积模型的水热平衡法,借助典型绿洲结构模型,计算了阿克苏绿洲的适宜耕地面积。结果表明:2010-2015年阿克苏灌区的作物需水量高达740.3 mm,较20世纪60年代的539.6 mm增加了37.2%;考虑到山区来水和下泄塔里木河干流的水量要求,阿克苏绿洲的可用水量为42.6×108 m3;阿克苏河流域绿洲已处于不稳定状态,耕地面积超过了水资源承载能力。计算得出绿洲适宜规模为12 430 km2,与现有水平相当。基于作物需水量和绿洲适宜面积模型的水热平衡算法计算的阿克苏绿洲的适宜耕地面积分别为4 674 km2和4 211 km2,需要在当前耕地水平上退耕18%至26%。 相似文献
25.
26.
针对石羊河流域日益严峻的生态环境问题,选择干旱区生态需水计算为切入点,以变异理论为基础,利用Mann-Kendall非参数检验的方法确定石羊河北部平原区地下水位恢复的目标年,用生态功能区划方法划分生态功能区,利用达西定律、阿维里扬诺夫公式计算了地下水恢复及生态目标条件下的生态需水量,并提出了相应的生态保障措施. 结果表明:石羊河北部平原区划分为5个生态功能亚区及16个三级区,地下水位恢复的目标年份为1977年,地下水恢复到1977年的生态需水量为 55.95×108~74.10×108 m3,2015年和2020年生态目标条件下的生态需水分别为1.66×108 m3和1.80×108 m3. 考虑到地下水恢复的缓慢性和现实性,建议优先考虑设定目标条件下的植被正常生长生态需水,其次通过继续压缩人均耕地面积和灌溉定额的方式保证地下水恢复. 相似文献
27.
Abstract Canada has increased the number of tsunami warning stations on the Pacific Coast from two to three. The last gauge was installed at the north end of Vancouver Island, thereby filling a large gap previously existing and providing full coverage along the coast. The record of gauges at two of the three locations is accessible either by telephone or by means of meteor burst communication, alleviating the difficulties experienced during the tsunami threat of May 6, 1986, when telephone communications were disrupted by heavy use. The gauge at Langara Island will be relocated in a more accessible and also a more tsunami‐responsive location at Rennell Sound in the Queen Charlotte Islands. All tsunami gauges also serve as tide gauges, recording the water level every 15 min. In the event of a tsunami, the recording interval can be altered to every 60 s. Suggestions have been made that Canada attempt deep‐sea recording of tsunamis off its Pacific Coast. Although this would be of great scientific value, no such program is contemplated at this time. 相似文献
28.
Although water has the central function of the bloodstream in the biosphere especially in arid or semi-arid regions such as Yah'an region in northwestern China, yet the very limited attention is paid to the role of the water-related processes in ecosystem. In this research, based on continuous nearly 50-year data including runoff volume, sediment discharge as well as sediment accretion from hydrographic stations, and 10-year information of water quality from pollution monitoring stations, the method for measuring in-stream flow requirement has been put forward supported by experiential models and GIS spatial analysis. Additionally, the changes of in-stream flow requirement for environment and economic development have been addressed from spatial-temporal dimensions. The results show that: (1) According to the central streams in Yan'an region, mean annual in-stream flow requirement reaches 1.0619 billion m^3, and the surface water for economic exploitation is 0.2445 billion m3 (2) Mean annual in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers in flood period occupies over 80% of the integrated volume in a year. (3) From the 1950s to 1970s, in-stream flow requirement for sediment transfers is comparatively higher, while from the 1980s to 1990s, this requirement presents a decreasing tendency. 相似文献
29.
在阐述水资源支持能力涵义的基础上,计算了关中地区生态需水量、75%保证率时可利用水量、75%保证率时总需水量以及水资源支持能力的供需平衡指数。结果表明:关中地区生态需水量2005年为43.699×10^8m^3,2010年为44.119×10^8m,2015年为44.394×10^8m^3;2005年75%保证率时可利用水量为49.885×10^8m^3,2010年为49.466×10^8m^3,2015年为49.190×10^8m^3;2005年75%保证率时总需水量为94.26×10^8m^3,2010年为86.63×10^8m^3,2015年为84.22×10^8m^3。最后计算水资源支持能力的供需平衡指数,2005、2010、2015年,供需平衡指数小于0,说明流域可供的水资源量不具备对这样规模的社会经济系统的支撑能力,流域水资源对应的人口及经济规模是不可承载的,供需平衡的差值主要靠侵占河道内的生态需水量来实现的,河道内的生态破坏就是很好的证据。 相似文献
30.