Analysis of Dynamic ECG in the 80 Meters Saturation -100 Meters Excursion Heliox Dive     

Gao Bingchun  Gong Zhiping  Huang Xiaoqin Head of the Medical Department  The No. Hospital of PLA  Shanghai Vice Head of the Medical Department  The No. Hospital of PLA  Shanghai Resident Physician  The No. Hospital of PLA  Shanghai 《中国海洋工程》1991,(3)

The study deals with the observation of the changes in the electrical activities of 8 healthy divers in the 80 msw saturation-100 msw excursion heliox dive by DCG. Results showed significant changes in the 24 h of average heart rate, the decrease of heart rate at saturation storage depth and decompression periods being 15.5% and 19.7% respectively. Fortuitous supraventricular premature beats appeared in 8 divers and ventricular premature beats in 5 divers during exposure. Transient ischemic ST-T changes in 6 divers occurred repeatedly during diving operations. The discussion puts up the view that the ST-T changes were due to the stress reaction of the body induced by the combined effect of such stress factors as hyperbaric pressure per se, high partial pressure of oxgen, noise and the closed restricted chamber environment.  相似文献   

The temporal and spatial distribution of underwater quantum irradiation in a southern California kelp forest     

Thomas A. Dean 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(6):835-844

The weekly integrals of underwater photon flux density were measured for a two and a half year period in a southern California kelp forest. Photon flux densities were lowest from January to April and peaked in summer. On average, about 2% of the surface irradiation reached the bottom (depth of 13·2 m in an area without a kelp canopy). Photon flux densities under a canopy of giant kelp were reduced by 70% compared to a nearby site cleared of kelp. A significant portion of temporal variability in underwater photon flux density was explained by vertical sediment flux. Surface irradiation did not contribute significantly to the variance in weekly values of underwater irradiation.  相似文献   

Estimation of the PAR irradiance ratio and its variability under clear-sky conditions at ieodo in the east china sea     

Do -Seong Byun  Yang -Ki Cho 《Ocean Science Journal》2006,41(4):235-244

Determining ‘photosynthetically active radiation’ (PAR) is a key part of calculating phytoplankton productivity in a biogeochemical model. We explore the daily and seasonal variability in the ratio of PAR irradiance to total irradiance that occurred at Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) in the East China Sea under clear-sky conditions in 2004 using a simple radiative transfer model (RTM). Meteorological data observed at IORS and aerosol optical properties derived from Aerosol Robotic Network observations at Gosan are used for the RTM. Preliminary results suggest that the use of simple PA R irradianceratio values is appropriate in calculating phytoplankton productivity as follows: an average of 0.44 (±0.01) in January to an average of 0.48 (±0.01) in July, with average daily variabilities over these periods of about 0.016 (±0.008) and 0.025 (±0.008), respectively. The model experiments demonstrate that variations in the major controlling input parameters (i.e. solar zenith angle, precipitable water vapor and aerosol optical thickness) cause PAR irradiance ratio variation at daily and seasonal timescales. Further, increases (>0.012) in the PAR irradiance ratio just below the sea-surface are positively correlated with high solar zenith angles and strong wind stresses relative to those just above the sea-surface.  相似文献   

The last lavas erupted during the main phase of the Siberian flood volcanic province: results from experimental petrology     

Linda T. Elkins-Tanton  David S. Draper  Carl B. Agee  Jessica Jewell  Andrew Thorpe  P. C. Hess 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》2007,153(2):191-209

The final lavas of the Siberian flood basalts are a ∼1,000 m thick section of meimechites, high-alkali, high-titanium, hydrous lavas that contrast sharply with the tholeiites that precede them. This paper presents a phase equilibrium study indicating that a candidate primary meimechite magma with 1 wt% water originated at ∼5.5 GPa and 1,700°C, both hotter and shallower than other estimates for melting beneath continental lithosphere. The experiments also suggest that a higher volatile content was involved in meimechite source genesis. Both the absence of orthopyroxene in any experiment and the close field association with carbonatites suggest that the meimechite source region may have been metasomatized with a CO₂-rich fluid. A small additional quantity of CO₂ and water would move magma origination to ∼1,550–1,600°C.  相似文献   

A study of aerosol particle sizes in the atmosphere of Athens, Greece, retrieved from solar spectral measurements     

A.D. Adamopoulos  H.D. Kambezidis  D.G. Kaskaoutis  G. Giavis   《Atmospheric Research》2007,86(3-4):194-206

This work aims at determining the aerosol particle radii in the atmosphere of Athens. Such a work is carried out in Athens for the first time. For this purpose, solar spectral direct-beam irradiance measurements were used in the spectral range 310–575 nm. To estimate the particle radius from aerosol optical depth retrieval, a minimization technique was employed based on the golden-section search of the difference between experimental and theoretical values of the aerosol optical depth. The necessary Mie computations were performed based on the algorithm LVEC.In this study, the mean particle radius of a given distribution was calculated every 30 min during cloudless days in the period November 1996 to September 1997. The largest particles were observed in the summer and the smallest during winter. The result was verified by the increased values of the aerosol optical depth and the turbidity factors calculated in the summer. The differences in the diurnal variation from season to season are attributed to the prevailing wind regime, pollutant emission and sink rates in the atmosphere of Athens.  相似文献   

降水的雷达反射率因子与大气相对湿度的相关关系研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3  

秦琰琰  李柏  张沛源 《大气科学》2006,30(2):351-359

从理论上分析了雷达反射率因子与相对湿度的关系,并利用2003年福建省三明地区大田、尤溪、建宁、宁化、将乐、永安气象站的气象观测资料,首先根据天气现象和逐时降雨量算出雨强,再通过Z-I关系,把观测时的雨强转换为回波强度,然后统计出不同气温下降水的雷达反射率因子与当时大气相对湿度的相关关系,从而为雷达回波强度资料通过转化为大气相对湿度值进入数值模式提供科学依据.  相似文献   

Der Kohlendioxid-Gehalt und die Kalzitsättigung der Ilm, einschließlich einiger Vergleichsuntersuchungen im Thüringer Raum     

Gottfried Proft   《Limnologica》2003,33(4):359-372

The CO₂ content, air saturation and calcite equilibrium of the River Ilm and some of its tributaries were analysed. CO₂ content was measured by degasing the CO₂ from water. The CO₂ level is a very sensitive indicator for a low pollution in oxygen saturated waters. Clean running waters have a CO₂ content close to the air saturation of 0.1–0.3 mg C l⁻¹. Ground water and springs are rich in CO₂. Polluted waters are characterised by higher CO₂ contents, also organic pollution can result in high values of CO₂. Carbon dioxide concentration of streams and brooks is limited by re-aeration.

The headwater region (softwater) of the River Ilm is unsaturated, the hard water in the middle- and underflow is oversaturated. In summer and autumn high saturation could be found, but without autochthonous calcite precipitation like in hard water lakes.  相似文献   

The influence of clouds on surface UV erythemal irradiance     

L. Alados-Arboledas  I. Alados  I. Foyo-Moreno  F. J. Olmo  A. Alcntara 《Atmospheric Research》2003,66(4):273-290

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of clouds on the ultraviolet erythemal irradiance. The study was developed at three stations in the Iberian Peninsula: Madrid and Murcia, using data recorded in the period 2000–2001, and Zaragoza, using data recorded in 2001. In order to determine the cloud effect on ultraviolet erythemal irradiance, we considered a cloud modification factor defined as the ratio between the measured values of ultraviolet erythemal irradiance and the corresponding clear-sky ultraviolet erythemal irradiance, which would be expected for the same time period and atmospheric conditions. The dependence of this cloud modification factor on total cloud amount, cloud type and solar elevation angle was investigated. The results suggest that the effect of cloud on ultraviolet erythemal irradiance can be parameterized in a simple way in terms of the cloud amount. Our results suggest that the same cloud modification factor model can be used at the three analysed locations estimating the ultraviolet erythemal irradiance with mean bias deviation (MBD) in the range of the expected experimental errors. This cloud modification factor is lower than that associated to the whole solar spectral range, indicating that the attenuation for the ultraviolet erythemal irradiance is lower than that associated to other solar spectral ranges. The cloud modification factor for ultraviolet erythemal irradiance presents dependence with solar elevation, with opposite dependencies with solar elevation for overcast and partial cloud cover conditions, a fact that can be explained in terms of the influence of reflection-enhancement of the ultraviolet irradiance in the last case. Concerning the influence of cloud type, a limited study of two cloud categories, low and medium level and high level, indicated that for overcast conditions, lower clouds presents an attenuation of ultraviolet erythemal irradiance 20% greater than that associated to high level clouds.  相似文献   

四川黄龙沟景区钙华的起源和形成机理研究   总被引：36，自引：5，他引：36  

刘再华  袁道先  何师意  曹建华  游省易  W.Dreybrodt  U.Svensson  K.Yoshimura  R.Drysdale 《地球化学》2003,32(1):1-10

对四川黄龙沟钙华景区的水化学测试发现，形成黄龙沟钙华的泉水具有很高的Ca^2 和HC03^-离子浓度，相应地，泉水的C02分压显著高于大气和土壤生物成因所能产生的C02分压。结合泉水出露的地质条件和泉口C02气体碳稳定同位素组成(δ^13C＝—6．8‰)的分析，进一步发现，高C02分压与深部成因的C02有关。可见，黄龙沟钙华属于热成因类钙华，而非原来普遍认为的“是气候岩溶作用的产物”。此外，黄龙沟钙华的大量出现与水中方解石的迅速沉积、Ca^2 和HC03^-浓度的大量降低有关。随着地下水自泉口出露，由于水的C02分压远高于大气，水中C02大量释放于大气，结果水的pH值迅速升高，方解石饱和指数由泉口的负值很快转变为高的正值，为方解石的沉积奠定了必要的物理化学基础。放置于水中的大理岩石片观测表明，流速较快的边石坝处的方解石沉积速率是其附近水池内的2—5倍，这清楚地显示了水动力条件对沉积速率的控制。进一步根据DBL理论模型分析发现，水动力条件对方解石沉积速率的控制在于其对固液界面间扩散边界层(DBL)厚度的影响，流速愈快，DBL厚度愈薄。且DBL厚度最终制约着沉积表面的化学组成浓度，即厚度愈小，表面H^ 浓度愈低(或pH愈高)、方解石饱和指数愈高，进而方解石沉积愈快。  相似文献   

太湖水体光学衰减系数的分布及其变化特征   总被引：50，自引：5，他引：50       下载免费PDF全文

张运林  秦伯强  陈伟民  杨顶田  季江 《水科学进展》2003,14(4):447-453

利用2001-2002年周年太湖全湖不同湖区湖泊光学的实测资料,分析了太湖水体光学衰减系数的区域分布,季节变化,垂直分布及日变化特征,并阐述了其变化原因,将太湖与国外一些湖泊进行对比,进一步阐述了太湖的光学特征.结果表明:光学衰减系数的湖区分布大致为:河口区>五里湖>湖心区>梅梁湾>贡湖>东太湖;由于不同湖区对光学衰减系数影响的主导因素不一样,其季节变化存在差异,东太湖季节变化不大,湖心区衰减系数秋冬季较大,而梅梁湖区则夏秋较大;衰减系数日变化则表现为中午大,上午和下午小;衰减系数的垂直分布主要有逐渐递减和先递减后均匀2种类型;衰减系数的光谱特性表现为在短波部分较大,长波部分较小,670nm处有一相对高值.  相似文献