New Zealand’s Treaty of Waitangi and the doctrine of discovery: Implications for the foreshore and seabed     

Randall Bess 《Marine Policy》2011

Since the advent of Western European exploration questions have been raised about the legality and morality of claims to new territories and the ensuing, often brutal colonisation patterns. The doctrine of discovery justified the acquisition of territories by conquest or other means. By the 19th century British common law included the doctrine of continuity, which recognised that the property rights of the indigenous people survived after the Crown acquired sovereignty over their territories. The Crown used a general treaty of cession and protection as the instrument for gaining sovereignty. In the context of Western European colonisation, this article discusses the statutory and judicial recognition of New Zealand’s Treaty of Waitangi 1840 and native title to land. The ensuing discussion highlights statute and judicial decisions that depart from the Treaty and are unique within the British colonies. This article also discusses the settlement of Treaty-based claims to land and fisheries and the current debate regarding ownership of the land along the seacoast and beneath the sea. The article contributes to the broader discussion on indigenous rights.  相似文献   

考虑渗流力的海床临界冲刷机理及计算方法          下载免费PDF全文

王虎  刘红军  王秀海 《水科学进展》2014,25(1):115-121

从波浪引起的海床内部渗流与床面泥沙运动耦合的角度出发,研究波浪作用下海床临界冲刷机理及计算方法。研究表明,波浪作用下床面泥沙起动及冲刷是一个不断向下发展的过程,最终达到一个临界冲刷深度。波浪引起的渗流力能够显著降低泥沙的临界起动切应力,促进泥沙起动,是影响海床冲刷的一个重要因素。将渗流力引入到传统泥沙起动公式中,推导并给出了波浪作用下海床临界冲刷深度的计算方法。结合室内和现场两个算例,很好地解释了波浪水槽试验中海床"流化"现象和黄河水下三角洲粉砂流冲沟等灾害地貌特征及成因,初步验证了该方法用于评价和计算海床冲刷的有效性。  相似文献   

Axisymmetric wave propagation in multilayered poroelastic grounds due to a transient acoustic point source     

《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2013

This paper deals with the study of axisymmetric wave propagation in various acoustic/porous stratified media coupling configurations. It presents the theoretical developments of a semi-analytical method, its validation for a limit test-case half-space ground, and an extension to a realistic multilayered seabed, when spherical waves are emitted from a transient point source in water.  相似文献   

Experimental study of pore water pressure and bed profile change under regular breaking waves   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程永舟  蒋昌波  赵利平  潘昀  李青峰 《中国海洋工程》2012,26(3):457-468

  相似文献   

Experimental Studies of Sound Attenuation in Seabed Sediments on Column Sample Length Scale     

Jian-Jun Long 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(2):176-189

Seabed sediment microstructure has an influence on its acousto-physical properties, and the properties in a length of the sediment column reflect an aspect of the macroscopic behavior of the microstructure. An original measurement method of the sound attenuation within small distance cross sections in a sediment column, and the corresponding approach in data processing to attain an attenuation factor are detailed in the paper. This method was used to measure the compressional wave in series of points with a small distance in the sediment column, and it is shown that exponential attenuation is a type of compressional wave attenuation model for a sediment column in its full length. It indicates that there are various models of compressional wave attenuation in seabed sediments in the South China Sea after comparison of data from other literature. The method of measuring sound attenuation satisfies the sampling space interval in the acoustical forward and inverse problems in seabed sediments, and the original method provides a new approach for finding out sound attenuation mechanism in seabed sediments on small length scale.  相似文献   

Analytical solutions for the steady-state seepage field in a finite seabed with a lined tunnel     

Hong-wei Ying  Xiao-nan Gong  Xiao Wang 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(8):972-978

Abstract

Analytical solutions for the steady-state seepage field in a finite seabed under homogeneous and isotropic conditions with a drained circular lined tunnel are developed. A numerical model is established using the COMSOL Multiphysics software to verify the solutions presented in this study, and strong agreement is found. A parameter analysis considering the seabed thickness, coefficient of permeability, tunnel burial depth and lining thickness is presented. The results indicate that the error induced by ignoring the thickness of the seabed cannot be neglected when the tunnel is close to the bottom of the seabed.  相似文献   

海底沉积物腐蚀性的工程环境意义分析     

黄衍宽 《福建地理》2009,(1):53-58

根据2005年厦门海洋工程勘察设计院对青兰山-福建炼油厂海底管线和污水排海管线海上路由调查资料,对30个样品9个环境因子数据的综合分析和数理统计,论述了环境因子的存在特征,揭示了某些因子之间的相关关系和共生组合．对样品进行Q型因子分析,显示出30个样品按腐蚀性大小,分为3个点群．通过评价指标得分得出：就本研究区而言,东部区域腐蚀性较强．通过比对分析发现：本海区底质环境优于台湾海峡西部其他海域,较适合海底工程建设．该研究结果对海底工程建设具有指标意义．  相似文献   

舟山册子岛-镇海海底管道附近海床冲淤数值模拟研究     

朱府  叶银灿  黄潘阳  刘杜娟 《海洋学研究》2014,32(1):74-81

舟山册子岛-镇海段海底原油管道连续多年监测数据显示,局部海床冲刷较为严重,管道多处裸露、悬空,对工程安全构成威胁。基于Delft3D建立杭州湾口二维水流泥沙数学模型,并利用实测潮位、流速、流向及悬沙质量浓度资料对模型进行率定与验证,进而模拟分析近年来人为开发活动对海底管道附近海床冲淤变化的影响。分析结果表明,新泓口围垦工程和金塘大桥工程对管线镇海登陆段海床冲刷影响较大,金塘大桥桥墩阻水作用加剧了管线深槽边坡西半段海床的冲刷,另外管线深潭延伸东半段的海床冲刷与金塘大桥主通航孔密切相关。  相似文献   

天然气水合物调查区微地貌特征探测成果   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

冯强强  陶军  陈宗恒  牟泽霖  温明明 《地球学报》2019,40(2):314-318

本文介绍了利用近海底探测设备声学深拖和ROV遥控潜水器在天然气水合物调查区进行的微地貌探测成果。结合前期地震调查成果,在地震剖面上显示的三个贯穿海底的气烟囱区域对应的海底探测到麻坑、海底丘状体。另外,在水合物喷发的冷泉区,首先使用搭载在声学深拖上的侧扫声呐对目标区进行较大范围的调查,利用声呐图像上的"亮斑异常"确定冷泉喷口的位置,再利用ROV遥控潜水器开展精准下潜探测,在冷泉区识别出碳酸盐岩结壳、泥火山特征地貌、羽状流现象和一些典型的生物特征。  相似文献   

波浪作用下饱和砂质海床土体与管线相互作用规律研究     

王小雯  张建民  李焯芬 《岩土力学》2018,39(7):2499-2508

针对波浪引起的饱和砂质海床土体和管线相互作用问题,将Biot动力固结理论与笔者课题组提出的砂土液化变形弹塑性本构模型相耦合,较为合理地再现了简谐波浪作用下较浅饱和砂质海床中管线周围可液化海床土体的超静孔隙水压力瞬态累积变化规律与液化过程。数值计算结果与Sumer等的试验规律一致。结果表明：由于管线的存在,改变了饱和砂质海床液化区域的空间分布。液化首先由管线下部土体开始产生,随着波浪荷载的持续作用,液化区域沿着管线外壁向上演化;同时海床表层土体产生液化并向深层发展,最终管线周围土体都发生液化,这是导致空管上浮的主要原因。当饱和砂质海床中存在管线时,管线附近海床土体液化深度明显变深。超静孔压累积和渗透力变化的耦合作用是导致饱和砂质海床土体产生液化的原因。与将海床土体视为饱和弹性多孔介质相比,可考虑液化全过程的弹塑性动力分析能更为合理地揭示实际波浪作用下饱和砂质海床土体的渗流场和应力场的瞬态时空演变规律。  相似文献