Molecular evidence for three separate cryptic introductions of the red seaweed Asparagopsis (Bonnemaisoniales,Rhodophyta) in South Africa     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(2):263-271

The red seaweed genus Asparagopsis Montagne (Bonnemaisoniales) contains two widely introduced species that are considered notorious seaweed invaders worldwide, Asparagopsis armata and A. taxiformis, both characterised by heteromorphic, diplo-haplontic life histories. To uncover cryptic introductions of Asparagopsis along the South African coastline and identify ‘Falkenbergia’ isolates (i.e. tetrasporophytic life-history phase morphologically identical between species), the mitochon-drial cox2–3 spacer was sequenced from gametophytes of Asparagopsis taxiformis from Scottburgh, KwaZulu-Natal, on the East Coast, Knysna Lagoon on the South Coast and from tetrasporophytes, otherwise unidentifiable to species level, collected from False Bay near Cape Town on the South-West Coast and Tsitsikamma on the South Coast. Only tetrasporophytes of the temperate Asparagopsis armata were encountered from the Cape Peninsula (Cape Town) probably as far east as to Port St Johns, Eastern Cape province. This is considered an introduced species, and was first collected at Kommetjie (Cape Peninsula) in 1935. Gametophytes of the warm-temperate to tropical A. taxiformis were first collected at Reunion Rocks near Durban in 1984; the KwaZulu-Natal material studied here belongs to an Atlantic Mediterranean cryptic lineage. This taxon is an ecological dominant in some intertidal and shallow subtidal areas in northern KwaZulu-Natal, and is thus considered ‘introduced’ and ‘invasive’. In contrast, A. taxiformis gametophytes, collected in Knysna Lagoon in 2008, clustered with individuals of Indo-Pacific lineage 2. The latter is considered a major invasive lineage in the western Mediterranean, but at present is categorised as introduced in South Africa. This study provides molecular evidence of three independent, cryptic introductions in South Africa, one of them probably very recent, and this is discussed with respect to potential vectors responsible for transport.  相似文献   

Kelp forests in False Bay: urchins vs macroalgae in South Africa’s southwest coast biogeographical transition zone     

《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(4):395-406

Kelp forests along South Africa's southwest coast occur in a region of biogeographical overlap. Commonly referred to as transition-zone kelp forests, these dynamic ecosystems are particularly susceptible to grazing from species such as urchins. This study explores relationships between urchins and macroalgae in transition-zone kelp forests along the western side of False Bay. Six kelp forests in this region were sampled. At each site, the urchin Parechinus angulosus and kelp Ecklonia maxima were counted, percentage cover of understorey algae was recorded, and drift algae were collected. Despite variability in urchin and algal cover across sites, kelps generally increased from north to south, while urchins did the opposite. Urchins were negatively associated with macroalgae, although this relationship was weak. A localised threshold of 50 urchins m^–2 was identified, above which kelp density failed to increase above 10 m^–2 and percentage cover of understorey algae usually remained below 20%. Surprisingly, no relationship was discovered between drift algae and attached algae. The findings highlight the complexity of these cool-water environments. To better understand the role of urchins in this system, particularly under changing climate trends, experimental research into the feeding behaviour and possible effects of urchins on attached algae in the presence/absence of drift algae is advised.  相似文献   

新型复合胶无粘土冲洗液研究及应用     

吴飞  陈礼仪  朱宗培  费立  吴丽 《煤田地质与勘探》2003,31(5):57-59

针对松散覆盖层、强风化破碎层取心率低,岩心松散破碎,孔壁稳定性差等问题,进行了以天然植物胶为主原料的处理剂复配改性研究和冲洗液优化配方研究。主要研究方法是通过有机聚合物和无机交联剂的作用,对羟丙基瓜尔胶(GRJ)进行交联改性,以此获得新型复合胶无粘土冲洗液优化配方,并进行了现场应用。应用效果表明,该冲洗液密度低,粘度可调范围大,流变性和润滑性好,成膜护心、护壁作用强,完全满足第四系覆盖层、胶结差的砂卵石层和强风化破碎地层取心钻进要求。   相似文献   

石鳖和拟帽贝消化酶解离海藻效果的研究     

《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2000,30(Z1):237-241

以藻类为食的石鳖和拟帽贝的消化腺中 含有酶解藻类的消化酶,从这两种海产贝类中提取混合酶能够成为对海藻细胞遗传学研究有 效的工具酶。通过对20种青岛海滨常见藻类酶解效果的比较发现：(1)该酶对各种藻类均有 一定的解离作用,尤其对红藻效果好,对绿藻次之;(2)解离时间相对较短,一般在1h左右 ,解离甘紫菜30min即可有50％的单细胞游离。贝类混合消化酶由于综合多种贝类的食性特 征,具有比单一动物消化酶更广泛的消化作用。  相似文献   

几种红藻琼脂的组分结构及理化性质的比较   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

王璐  刘力  王艳梅  苑全云  李智恩  徐祖洪 《海洋与湖沼》2001,32(6):658-664

以我国3种经济红藻龙须菜、石花菜、坛紫菜为原料，对高温稀碱法、常温浓碱法和无碱法提取的琼脂进行理化性质和化学组分结构方面的横向比较。结果表明，所提取琼脂的主要组分均为无取代的琼脂糖；凝固温度与甲氧基的取代位置及含量有关；我国3种琼脂海藻均为优质的琼脂原料；提取琼脂时，石花菜不用碱处理，龙须菜和坛紫菜则必须经过碱处理；从灰分和硫酸基含量角度分析，石花菜琼脂优于坛紫菜琼脂后，后者又优于龙须菜琼脂。  相似文献   

海藻主要药用成分的研究和展望   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  

阮积惠 《海洋学研究》2001,19(2):1-9

对海藻主要药用成分的研究进行了综述。海藻内含有大量有益于人类健康的药用活性成分 ,其多糖、不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质、氨基酸、多肽、牛磺酸、多萜、甾类和酶等成分具有抗凝血、降血压、降血脂、抗肿瘤等独特功能 ,可用于预防和治疗高脂血症、动脉硬化、肿瘤等多种疾病 ,改善人体微循环 ,并可用于生产中、老年人抗衰老、抗疲劳及增强免疫力的保健品 ,现已在医药、食品、工业等各个领域得到广泛的应用 ,并有着广阔的开发前景。  相似文献   

海藻研究开发的发展概述   总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16  

黄知清  严兴洪 《海洋技术学报》2002,21(3):22-25

综述了海藻的资源、组成、性质和研究开发的进展概况，阐述了海藻今后的发展趋势。  相似文献   

大型海藻对富营养化海水养殖区生物修复的研究与展望   总被引：23，自引：4，他引：23  

杨宇峰  费修绠 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2003,33(1):53-57

当前 ,中国的多数海水养殖区富营养化相当严重。富营养化可引发赤潮和养殖动物病害 ,给养殖业带来巨大损失。海带、龙须菜、条斑紫菜等大型海藻 ,生产力很高 ,在生长过程中可大量吸收 C,N,P等生源要素 ,在水生态系统碳循环和减缓富营养化方面有很重要的作用。此外 ,海藻产品可食用、作为饲料、工业原料和有机肥料 ,是具有较高价值的商品。大规模栽培大型海藻是减轻养殖区富营养化的有效途径之一。  相似文献   

海水工厂化养鱼排污水处理的实验研究与工程设计   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

徐宾锋  杜守思  朱杰  林旭升  陈志成 《海洋湖沼通报》2001,(3):70-77

本文从保护海洋环境出发，论述研究设计海水工厂化养鱼排污水处理工程的重要性，提出用光合细菌（PSB）和海藻试验研究工厂化养鱼排污水处理的效率、特性及副产品的综合利用。通过工程计算，设计出工艺流程图及光合细菌反应池、二沉池和海藻塘的工程容量。  相似文献   

Hiding and feeding in floating seaweed: Floating seaweed clumps as possible refuges or feeding grounds for fishes     

Sofie Vandendriessche  Marlies Messiaen  Sarah O'Flynn  Magda Vincx  Steven Degraer 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2007,71(3-4):691-703

Floating seaweed is considered to be an important habitat for juvenile fishes due to the provision of food, shelter, a visual orientation point and passive transport. The importance of the presence of the highly dynamical seaweed clumps from the North Sea to juvenile neustonic fishes was investigated by analysing both neuston samples (without seaweed) and seaweed samples concerning fish community structure, and length-frequency distributions and feeding habits of five associated fish species. While the neustonic fish community was mainly seasonally structured, the seaweed-associated fish community was more complex: the response of the associated fish species to environmental variables was species specific and probably influenced by species interactions, resulting in a large multivariate distance between the samples dominated by Chelon labrosus and the samples dominated by Cyclopterus lumpus, Trachurus trachurus and Ciliata mustela. The results of the stomach analysis confirmed that C. lumpus is a weedpatch specialist that has a close spatial affinity with the seaweed and feeds intensively on the seaweed-associated invertebrate fauna. Similarly, C. mustela juveniles also fed on the seaweed fauna, but in a more opportunistic way. The shape of the size-frequency distribution suggested enhanced growth when associated with floating seaweed. Chelon labrosus and T. trachurus juveniles were generally large in seaweed samples, but large individuals were also encountered in the neuston. The proportion of associated invertebrate fauna in their diet was of minor importance, compared to the proportions in C. lumpus. Individuals of Syngnathus rostellatus mainly fed on planktonic invertebrates but had a discontinuous size-frequency distribution, suggesting that some of the syngnathids were carried with the seaweed upon detachment and stayed associated. Floating seaweeds can therefore be regarded as ephemeral habitats shared between several fish species (mainly juveniles) that use them for different reasons and with varying intensity.  相似文献