全文获取类型
收费全文 | 9996篇 |
免费 | 1700篇 |
国内免费 | 1480篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 178篇 |
大气科学 | 360篇 |
地球物理 | 2434篇 |
地质学 | 4314篇 |
海洋学 | 3000篇 |
天文学 | 23篇 |
综合类 | 519篇 |
自然地理 | 2348篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 39篇 |
2023年 | 131篇 |
2022年 | 304篇 |
2021年 | 382篇 |
2020年 | 418篇 |
2019年 | 481篇 |
2018年 | 422篇 |
2017年 | 395篇 |
2016年 | 395篇 |
2015年 | 403篇 |
2014年 | 556篇 |
2013年 | 683篇 |
2012年 | 503篇 |
2011年 | 556篇 |
2010年 | 530篇 |
2009年 | 570篇 |
2008年 | 630篇 |
2007年 | 615篇 |
2006年 | 695篇 |
2005年 | 515篇 |
2004年 | 508篇 |
2003年 | 469篇 |
2002年 | 421篇 |
2001年 | 425篇 |
2000年 | 338篇 |
1999年 | 308篇 |
1998年 | 272篇 |
1997年 | 230篇 |
1996年 | 193篇 |
1995年 | 133篇 |
1994年 | 123篇 |
1993年 | 110篇 |
1992年 | 106篇 |
1991年 | 61篇 |
1990年 | 64篇 |
1989年 | 47篇 |
1988年 | 24篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 26篇 |
1984年 | 20篇 |
1983年 | 23篇 |
1982年 | 8篇 |
1981年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1954年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 328 毫秒
101.
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (13C and 15N) of surface sediments were measured within Osaka Bay, in the Seto Inland Sea in Japan, in order to better understand the sedimentation processes operating on both terrestrial and marine organic matter in the Bay. The 13C and 15N of surface sediments in the estuary of the Yodo River were less than –23 and 5 respectively, but increased in the area up to about 10 km from the river mouth. At greater distances they became constant (giving 13C of about –20 and 15N about 6). It can be concluded that large amounts of terrestrial organic matter exist near the mouth of the Yodo River. Stable isotope ratios in the estuary of the Yodo River within 10 km of the river mouth were useful indicators allowing study of the movement of terrestrial organic matter. Deposition rates for total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) over the whole of the Bay were estimated to be 63,100 ton C/year and 7,590 ton N/year, respectively. The deposition rate of terrestrial organic carbon was estimated to be 13,200 (range 2,000–21,500) ton C/year for the whole of Osaka Bay, and terrestrial organic carbon was estimated to be about 21% (range 3–34) of the TOC deposition rate. The ratio of the deposition rate of terrestrial organic carbon to the rate inflow of riverine TOC and particulate organic carbon (POC) were estimated to be 19% (range 3–31) and 76% (range 12–100), respectively. 相似文献
102.
顺序提取法探讨沉积物中主量元素在不同相态的分配特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在Tessier以及欧共体标准局BCR等前人顺序提取方法的基础上,采用一套改进的顺序提取法对海洋沉积物以及一些水系沉积物标准物质的主量元素进行逐步提取。利用ICP—AES、ICP—MS方法分析了各提取液中Ti、A1、Na、Mg、K、Ca、P、Fe、Mn的含量以及它们在不同相态的分配特征,同时,进一步探讨了酸去除沉积物中非陆源组分的效果,结果显示,最后经盐酸淋滤后的样品,沉积物中的生物、自生组分已经被溶解,而残留下来的剩余物质基本上可代表海洋沉积物的陆源碎屑组分。 相似文献
103.
An artificial sand wave on the Dutch shoreface of the North Sea has been studied in conditions with relatively strong tidal currents in the range of 0.5 to 1 m/s and sediments in the medium sand size range of 0.2 to 0.5 mm. The sand wave is perpendicular to the tidal current and has a maximum height and length of the order of 5 m and 1 km, respectively. The sand wave is dynamically active and shows migration rates of the order of a few metres per year. A numerical morphodynamic model (DELFT3D model) has been used to simulate the morphological behaviour of the sand wave in the North Sea. This model approach is based on the numerical solution of the three-dimensional shallow water equations in combination with a surface wave propagation model (wind waves) and the advection–diffusion equation for the sediment particles with online bed updating after each time step. The model results show that the sand wave grows in the case of dominant bed-load transport (weak tidal currents; relatively coarse sediment; small roughness height; low waves) and that the sand wave decays in the case of dominant suspended transport (strong currents, relatively fine sediment, large roughness height; storm waves). 相似文献
104.
105.
Timothy M. Dellapenna Mead A. Allison Gary A. Gill Ronald D. Lehman Kent W. Warnken 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2006,69(3-4):519
To address the relative importance of shrimp trawling on seabed resuspension and bottom characteristics in shallow estuaries, a series of disturbance and monitoring experiments were conducted at a bay bottom mud site (2.5 m depth) in Galveston Bay, Texas in July 1998 and May 1999. Based on pre- and post-trawl sediment profiles of 7Be; pore water dissolved oxygen and sulfide concentration; and bulk sediment properties, it was estimated that the trawl rig, including the net, trawl doors, and “tickler chain,” excavate the seabed to a maximum depth of approximately 1.5 cm, with most areas displaying considerably less disturbance. Water column profile data in the turbid plume left by the trawl in these underconsolidated muds (85–90% porosity; <0.25 kPa undrained shear strength) demonstrate that suspended sediment inventories of up to 85–90 mg/cm2 are produced immediately behind the trawl net; an order of magnitude higher than pre-trawl inventories and comparable to those observed during a 9–10 m/s wind event at the study site. Plume settling and dispersion caused suspended sediment inventories to return to pre-trawl values about 14 min after trawl passage in two separate experiments, indicating particles re-settle primarily as flocs before they can be widely dispersed by local currents. As a result of the passage of the trawl rig across the seabed, shear strength of the sediment surface showed no significant increase, suggesting that bed armoring is not taking place and the trawled areas will not show an increase in critical shear stress. 相似文献
106.
The effects on ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities of digestive gland in Meretrix meretrix exposed to tributyltin (TBT) at environmental levels (0.1,1.0,10.0 ng/dm as stannum concentration),in experimental condition, were evaluated. The EROD, NADH cytochrorne b5 reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 8 and 20 d, the NADPH cytochrorne c reductase activities were significantly inhibited after exposure to 0.1,1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm TBT for 8 d and to 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm for 20 d, as compared with the matched control, while NADH cytochrorne b5 reductases and NADPH cytochrome c reductase activities were induced after exposure to 10.0 ng/dm^3 TBT for 2 d. The EROD activity in the 10 ng/dm^3 group,and the NADH cytochrome b5 reductases activities in 1.0 and 10.0 ng/dm groups, were significantly induced when transferred to clean recovery tanks for 7 d. The three enzymic activities in the clams exposed to TBT were recovered to the level corresponding to that of the control group after transfer to clean recovery tanks for 20 d. NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity in Meretrix meretrix seems to be more sensitive to exposure of TBT than that of the EROD and NADH cytochrome b5 reductases. The results suggest that induction and inhibition by TBT to the monooxygenase system enzymic activity in Meretrix meretrix would simultaneously exist. The enzymic activities were inhibited by exposure for a long time. The results suggest that inhibition of the monooxygenase system should be an indication of the exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBT for a long time. 相似文献
107.
108.
109.
为揭示赤点石斑鱼精子的超微结构及环境因子对其精子活力的影响,利用扫描电镜和透射电镜观察赤点石斑鱼精子的超微结构,设置不同梯度的温度、盐度、pH值及不同浓度的NaCl、KCl、CaCl2、MgCl2、EDTANa2溶液,探究这些因子对赤点石斑鱼精子活力的影响。结果表明:赤点石斑鱼成熟精子的结构特点是细胞核圆形或卵圆形,核内染色质致密,没有核泡(核空隙)。精子尾部细长,横切面为典型的"9+2"微管结构。温度、盐度、pH值等环境因子对精子活力的影响表明,精子活力的适宜温度范围为23~31℃,27.5℃时精子寿命最长为37min;适宜的盐度范围为15~35,盐度15时精子寿命最长为50min;适宜的pH范围为7~9,pH为9时精子的运动时间最长为33min。赤点石斑鱼精子在EDTANa2溶液中呈抑制状态,在400~700 mmol/L的NaCl溶液、400~600mmol/L的KCl溶液和500 mmol/L的CaCl2溶液中精子均具有较好的活动能力。在MgCl2溶液中赤点石斑鱼精子的活动能力不佳。赤点石斑鱼精子的最适温度范围与繁殖季节的最适水温范围符合,适宜盐度范围较广,对pH值的变化适应性较强。赤点石斑鱼精子在NaCl、KCl、CaCl2溶液中活力较佳,在MgCl2溶液和EDTANa2溶液中呈抑制状态。 相似文献
110.
Immediate profile and planform evolution of a beach nourishment project with hurricane influences 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, planform adjustment began during a period of calm weather immediately after nourishment and then the passage of one strong storm caused a substantial portion of the total profile equilibration. Weekly beach profiles, shoreline surveys, and nearshore wave measurements were conducted before, during, and immediately after construction of the 1100-m long Upham Beach nourishment project on the low-energy, west coast of Florida. This project was constructed in three segments: the wide north segment, the central segment, and the narrow south segment. With the exception of the relatively distant passage of Hurricane Charley, calm weather prevailed for 45 days following completion of the south and central segments. Construction of the wide north segment was completed on August 27, 2004. Substantial planform diffusion occurred prior to construction completion via formation of a 300-m long spit extending from the wide north segment. The shoreline orientation was changed abruptly due to this diffusion spit formation, as opposed to the gradual adjustment predicted by most long-term models. Planform adjustment was initiated prior to profile equilibration, and it did not require high-energy conditions. A simple vector sum model for determining the orientation of a potential diffusion spit was developed. This study recommends designing end transitions at the predicted diffusion spit orientation to avoid post-nourishment spit formation during future projects. 相似文献