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综述了重要经济红藻法紫菜属物种多样性及其地理分布,修订了法紫菜属中文名称,回顾了紫菜生活史研究的历程,基本概括了法紫菜栽培生物学基础研究成果。根据文献报道及最新研究成果,认为紫菜属和法紫菜属共有138个物种,集中分布在北半球的温带、亚热带海域,其中我国是物种多样性较高的国家之一,其物种及变种数达到25个。法紫菜生活史的阐明对紫菜栽培产业的发展具有奠基性的作用,其中我国藻类学家曾呈奎和张德瑞在法紫菜生活史研究中作出了重要的贡献,提出了壳孢子的概念,被广泛接受并沿用至今。壳孢子采苗和丝状体培养技术是发展紫菜栽培业的重要基础,丝状体生长发育及壳孢子形成的分子机制将是未来法紫菜生物学研究的重点和难点。尽管根据已发表的相关文献大致梳理了法紫菜相关生物学基础研究的成果,但限于篇幅对栽培生产中相关技术的优化、完善与推广以及新品种培育等均未作介绍。 相似文献
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After discarding marine microorganisms from conchocelis of Porphyra yezoensis and Porphyra ha/tanens/s, their axenic cultures were obtained through treatment with antibiotics. Antibiotic disc tests were carried out to determine the effectiveness of each antibiotic in eliminating contaminating microorganisms. Five of 12 antibiotics tested were selected and used to produce the axenic cultures in this study, which showed that 200 μg/mL streptomycin, 250 μg/mL penicillin, 252 μg/mL kanamycin, 30 μg/mL neomycin, 200 μg/mL chloramphenicol were effective concentrations for eliminating microorganisms from conchocelis when antibiotics were added singly step by step; whereas simultaneous combination of 150 μg/mL streptomycin, 250 (or 350) μg/mL penicillin, 150 (or 250) μg/mL kanamycin, 70 μg/mL neomycin and 200 μg/mL chloramphenicol was also effective for producing the axenic cultures. However,it seemed that the treatments with antibiotics applied individually were more feasible than those with all antibiotics added at the same time. This may be due to the combined inhibiting effect of antibiotics on the growth and development of conchocelis. 相似文献
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本文对华北半叶紫菜丝状体细胞的凋亡过程进行了初步观察并对这一过程中细胞超微形态的变化进行了研究。结果表明 ,丝状体细胞的凋亡过程是由分枝的端部细胞发生老化开始的 ,老化细胞的细胞内壁增厚 ;细胞核内染色质凝缩 ,核膜溶解 ;色素体片层结构变形、溶解 ;红藻淀粉电子密度显著下降 ,逐渐解体 ;胞浆中出现不规则形态的囊泡、髓样结构和结构特殊的小体 ;随着细胞的趋于凋亡 ,核、色素体、线粒体等细胞器相继溶解消失 ,细胞结构崩溃 ,细胞内壁明显增厚。细胞中的囊泡和髓样结构参与了细胞内壁的形成。本研究首次报道紫菜中存在细胞凋亡 ,并对丝状体细胞凋亡过程的生物学意义及髓样结构的功能进行了讨论 相似文献
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Results of the experiment of northward transplantation of Porphyra haitanensis showed thatintercrop of P. haitanensis with Bay Scallop is feasible because the growth duration of both of them is about the same in August - December.Full use of cultivating area, lowering its cost and increasing its product per unit area as well as improving the ecological envronment are realized during intercrop. 相似文献
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为积累紫菜的新种质,本文对一种印度产紫菜—Pyropia radi的生活史进行了研究,结果发现：该紫菜的叶状体多为披针形,基部为楔形、呈褐绿色,梢部呈红紫褐色;藻体由单层细胞构成,极少含两层细胞;一个营养细胞中含1—2个星状色素体,多数只含一个;藻体的中部边缘具有稀疏的锯齿状突起,基部的齿状突起较密,一般的突起含有一至十多个细胞;成熟前的藻体厚度：基部为(51.54.23)μm,梢部为(29.42.31)μm,平均厚度41.2μm,成熟后的藻体逐渐加厚;成熟前的藻体长度5—10cm、宽度0.5—1cm,成熟后,藻体长度可达(458.7)cm、宽度为(51.21)cm;藻体的表观性别多数为雌雄异体,少数为雌雄同体,雌雄同体的个体其雌雄生殖细胞分别呈块状直线型分布于藻体;果孢子囊具有16或32个果孢子,分裂式为♀A2B2C4或♀A4B2C4,成熟的精子囊器具有64个精子囊,分裂式为♂A4B4C4;叶状体营养细胞和精子囊的核型为单倍,染色体数目为5个(n=5),丝状体的营养细胞和膨大细胞的核型为双倍,染色体数目为10个(2n=10)。检测该紫菜的5.8S rDNA-ITS区序列发现,其5.8S保守区的160个碱基序列与坛紫菜相似度为100%。该紫菜的形态与结构、染色体数目、性别以及5.8S rDNA的保守序列等结果与坛紫菜极为相似,暗示它与坛紫菜的亲缘关系很近,但它们是否为同一个紫菜物种还有待深入研究。 相似文献
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ZHOU Wenjun LI Yun DAI Jixun 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2007,6(3):299-302
Cryopreservation of Porphyra yezoensis conchocelis was conducted with cryoprotectants and a proposed pretreatment procedure and thawing methods explored. Six cryoprotectants combined by DMSO with ethylene glycol （EG）, propylene glycol （PEG）, sorbitol and sucrose were developed. The effect of prefreezing at -40℃ or -20℃ for different time durations was compared and the thawing methods were screened. It was shown that the cryoprotectant including 10% DMSO with 0.5 molL^-1 sorbitol exhibited the optimal effect. The ideal pretreatment was that conchocelis segments were stayed for 20min at -40℃ before stored in liquid nitrogen, and 40℃ water bath was proper for quick thawing. The highest recovery rate of cryopreserved P. yezoensis conchocelis reached 89.41%. 相似文献
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DEVELOPMENT OF SUSPENDED CONCHOCELIS OF PORPHYRA HAITANENSIS (BANGIALES, RHODOPHYTA) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
INTRODUCTIONAferthelifehistoryofPorphrmwasdescrihed(Drew,l949;KUIDgi,1953;TsengandChang,l954),researchwasfocusedonthegrowthanddevelopmentofPorphpecon-chocelis(TsengandChang,1955;IwasakiandMatsudaira,l963;Waalandetal-,1987).PorphrmhaitanensisisaChinesespeciesveryimPOrtanforcultivationforcom-mercialproductioninsouthemChina.ConchocelisinshellsisthemainsoureeOfcon-chosPoresusedtoseedtheculturenets.However,ourknOWedgeofPoIPllyTahaitanensisisstilllithetedandtheinformationconcerningsee… 相似文献
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丝状藻体在紫菜养殖的人工苗种生产中非常重要,在利用于分离提取高价值的藻红蛋白方面也具有潜在的利用价值。本研究采集了成熟紫菜叶状体的果孢子释放的初始丝状藻体,基于3因子3水平的正交实验设计方案[采用具有分析交互作用的正交表L27(313)],确定了丝状藻体藻红蛋白含量对环境因子的响应以及优化的调控培养条件。结果表明,温度、光照强度和盐度因子对丝状藻体藻红蛋白含量均有显著影响(P≤0.048 1),并且温度和光照强度或盐度因子间存在交互作用(P ≤0.043 1),但光照强度和盐度因子间的交互作用不显著(P=0.469 8)。获得的优化调控培养条件为:温度18 ℃、光强1 500 lx、盐度20或25。优化调控培养条件下的丝状藻体藻红蛋白含量高达64.73 mg/g.dw(平均值±标准偏差SD为58.24±5.07 mg/g.dw)。 相似文献
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IAA 3-Indolylaceic acid, NAA a-Naphthylacetic acid and Cytokinins in PESI culture mediumwere used in a study on the effects of plant hormones on the growth of free-living conchocelis ofPorphyra yezoensis which showed that its growth in medium with cytokinins, IAA and NAA was morerapid than that in medium with non-phytohormones, that the optimal concentrations for promotinggrowth were 10μg/L for IAA and ZA (Zeatin), and 0.1 μg/L for BA 6-Benzyl amino purine and KIN6-Furfurylamino- purine. Mix use of NAA, IAA and cytokinins, NAA/ZA 1-1000/1μg/L, NAA/BA10/1-1000μg/L, NAA/KIN 1/1-1000μg/L promoted growth. IAA/ZA 0.1 - 1/0.1 - 1 μg/L, IAA/BA0.1 - 1/0.1 - 10 μg/L IAA/KIN 1/0.1 - 1000μg/L also promoted growth. 相似文献