麻痹性贝毒研究进展   总被引：37，自引：5，他引：32  

于仁诚  周名江 《海洋与湖沼》1998,29(3):330-338

根据８０－９０年代中际上对麻痹性贝毒研究的最新进展,就研究中的几个热点问题进行综合评述,包括：麻痹性贝毒产毒藻的识别;毒素产生机制;毒素监测和分析方法;麻痹性贝毒对海洋生物的影响;麻痹怀贝毒对水产养殖业的影响及对策等。概括了麻痹性贝毒研究的现状和研究中的亟待解决的问题。中国在麻痹性贝毒毒素研究领域只进行了一些初步的工作,本文结合中中国的研究现状,提出以后在此领域内的重点研究方向。  相似文献   

链状裸甲藻所产麻痹性贝类毒素在翡翠贻贝体内的累积、转化和排出     

许翠娅 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(5):1363-1372

为研究链状裸甲藻所产麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins, PST)在翡翠贻贝体内的累积、转化和排出规律,设置试验组和对照组,采用链状裸甲藻和中肋骨条藻投喂翡翠贻贝,开展短期累积(12 h)、长期累积(10 d)和排出(28 d)试验。结果表明:翡翠贻贝具有较强的毒素累积能力,内脏团是PST累积的主要部位, PST含量与产毒藻密度呈显著正相关关系。当链状裸甲藻密度为1.0×106cells/L时,贻贝内脏团PST含量累积2 h已接近食用贝类毒素安全标准,累积8 h超标。当产毒藻密度为5.0×105 cells/L时,贻贝内脏团PST含量累积2 d超标,累积8 d达到峰值(3 590.4±545.7)μg/kg。贻贝对PST具有累积快排出慢的特点,内脏团PST含量在排出16 d达标,排出速率先快后慢。内脏团对PST的累积和排出速率显著高于闭壳肌和其他组织,闭壳肌和其他组织则无显著差异。PST进入贻贝体内后发生了代谢转化,贻贝可能将产毒藻中膝沟藻毒素GTX3转化为GTX2, N-磺酰氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素C2转化为C1,部分C1转化为脱氨甲酰基膝沟藻毒素2(dc...  相似文献   

Clean and safe supply of fish and shellfish to clear the HACCP regulation by use of clean and cold deep ocean water in Rausu, Hokkaido, Japan     

Masayuki Mac Takahashi Kazunori Yamashita 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2005,4(3):219-223

For the supply of fish and shellfish to consumers in fresh condition, clean handling after catch from the sea is essential. According to HACCP （Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points）, it is important to meet such requirement by keeping fish and shellfish under a certain low temperature and clean conditions after catching. The deep ocean water （DOW） characterized by low temperature and cleanliness has been chosen for fish and shellfish handlings, particularly for salmon, cod, and sea urchin in Town ＇Rausu＇ in Hokkaido, Japan. DOW below 2.9℃ of an amount of nearly 5 000 m^3 is planned to be pumped up every day from a depth of about 350 m, and temporarily stored in a large simulated tank on land. DOW is then supplied to fish boats through hydrants distributed throughout the harbor and used for keeping salmon in clean and cold conditions. Ice made from DOW is also used for lowering temperature if necessary. DOW and ice made from DOW are also used during the transportation of fish and shellfish. The entire system is scheduled to be completed by the summer of 2005.  相似文献   

2005年春季广东近岸海域麻痹性贝毒素的特征分析   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

吴施卫  曾淼  卢大鹏  罗一丹  江天久 《海洋学研究》2008,26(4):49-54

于2005年3~5月,在广东省近岸海域的27个采样点(从东到西覆盖整个广东省沿海,包括了广东省的12大重点海湾海水养殖区)进行了贝类样品采集,共采集了35个品种120个样品。采用小白鼠生物检测法对麻痹性贝毒素(PSP)的检测结果表明,其3、4和5月采集的样品均检测出毒性值,2005年春季广东近岸海域的PSP呈现出以下主要特征:(1)PSP的检出率和含量值均较低。在120个检测的样品中,只有13个样品检测出PSP毒性数据,检出率为10.8%;检出PSP范围为每100 g贝类软组织含152~198 MU。其中北津港(东平)的托氏毛蚶和神泉港(神泉)的近江牡蛎样品,在1 h内小白鼠的致死率都非常高,但毒性并不强。所有检测出的PSP毒性数据值均大大低于我国目前暂定的警戒标准:每100 g贝类软组织含80μg STXeq(对KM系小白鼠而言,相当于每100 g贝类软组织含约423 MU)。2005年春季广东近岸海域海水水温偏低可能是一个重要原因。(2)感染PSP毒性的生物品种不多。在已检测的35个贝类品种中,只有8个品种检测出PSP毒性数据,占被检测总品种数的22.8%。牡蛎的PSP检出率相对较高,而其它常见品种如文蛤和翡翠贻贝的PSP检出率均较低,华贵栉孔扇贝未检出PSP。(3)PSP的地理分布范围较广。从检测出PSP毒性数据的样品的地理分布来看,范围较广,从东到西几乎包括了整个广东省沿海。其中北津港6个样品中,有2个检测出PSP毒性数据,PSP最高值也出现在北津港(东平)。广东12个大重点海湾海水养殖区,除红海湾、大亚湾、大鹏湾及海陵湾4个大重点海湾海水养殖区外,其它8个大重点海湾海水养殖区均检测出PSP,占12个大重点海湾海水养殖区总数的66.7%。在以前未检出的多处海水养殖区也能检出PSP。并就有关问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

Concentrations and distribution of organochlorine pesticides in shellfish from Changjiang estuary   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

马继臻  沈新强  袁骐  蒋玫 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2008,26(4):388-393

To analyze and evaluate the status of organochlorine pollutants in the Changjiang (Yangtze River) estuary and adjacent waters, the concentrations of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDTs) in shellfish collected in study area from 2006 to 2007 were determined with gas chromatography (GC). The concentration range of HCHs was (ND-12.13)×10-3 mg/kg wet weight and averaged at 0.54×10-3 mg/kg while the concentration of DDTs was in the range of (4.06-281.73) × 10-3 mg/kg with a mean of 57.52×10-3 mg/kg in the survey areas. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were higher than HCHs', so that DDTs could be considered as typical organochlorine pollutants in the areas. The concentrations of DDTs in the shellfish were higher than HCHs', so that DDTs could be considered as typical organochlorines pollutants. The HCHs in all the shellfish conformed to the first level of criterion (0.02 mg/kg) of the Marion Biology Quality (GB 18421-2001), and that of DDTs in most samples were beyond the first level (0.01 mg/kg) but conformed to the second level (0.10 mg/kg). On average, α-HCH and δ-HCH occupied the most part of HCHs, while O,P'-DDT and P,P'-DDT occupied the most part of DDTs. The concentrations of organocholorine pesticides in shellfish samples varied in site and in species. The highest level occurred at the Shengsi (SS), followed by Yangkougang (YKG), Lvsi (LS), Dongyuan (DY) and Beibayao (BBY), low concentrations were observed at Changsha (CS), Beidaodi (BDD), and Gouqi (GQ). The concentration of HCHs and DDTs in most sites decreased clearly from 2006 to 2007 except for YKG, DY, BDD, LYS, and SS. All of above results suggested that the study area was slightly affected by organochlorine pesticide, special by DDTs.  相似文献   

基于区块链的贝类设施养殖产业资源共享平台     

李明智  张光发  刘鹰  陈海泉  张瑞瑾  孙玉清 《海洋科学》2022,46(1):76-82

针对我国贝类设施养殖产业发展中的资源共享问题,基于农业农村部关于开展贝类设施养殖产业基础数据库建设的相关任务,开发了贝类设施养殖产业资源共享平台.从软件工程的角度,详细论述了贝类设施养殖产业资源共享平台的设计与实现,包括平台的需求分析、业务功能策划、系统设计、基于区块链的平台架构及其实现方法等内容,以期构建稳定可靠、高...  相似文献   

Contamination level of mercury in red meat products from cetaceans available from South Korea markets     

Endo T  Yong-Un M  Baker CS  Funahashi N  Lavery S  Dalebout ML  Lukoschek V  Haraguchi K 《Marine pollution bulletin》2007,54(6):669-677

Levels of total mercury (T-Hg) were surveyed in red meat (n=73) and liver (n=3) from toothed whales, dolphins and porpoises (odontocetes) sold for human consumption in the coastal cities of South Korea. High concentrations of T-Hg were found in the liver products of finless porpoises (18.7 and 156 microg/wet g) and common dolphins (13.2 microg/wet g). The T-Hg concentrations in red meat products were highest in the false killer whale (9.66+/-12.3 microg/wet g, n=9), bottlenose dolphin (10.6+/-12.6 microg/wet g, n=3) and killer whale (13.3 microg/wet g, n=1), and lowest in Cuvier's beaked whale and the harbour porpoise (0.4-0.5 microg/wet g). Thus, most of the products that originated from odontocetes exceeded the safety limit of 0.5 microg/wet g for T-Hg set by the South Korean health authorities for the fishery industry. Pregnant women and other vulnerable sectors of the population living in South Korea should therefore limit their consumption of odontocete products.  相似文献   

重金属胁迫对海洋贝类毒性研究进展     

马建新  张宜奎  宋秀凯  刘爱英  任利华  王文杰 《海洋湖沼通报》2011,(2):35-42

本文综述了重金属对海洋贝类的急性毒性、细胞分子毒性及遗传毒性,探讨了利用海洋贝类监测海洋环境质量的可行性以及利用抗氧化酶作为指示重金属污染程度标志物的发展前景.  相似文献   

海洋中麻痹性贝类毒素的合成转化及其影响因素研究进展     

宋维佳  宋秀贤  俞志明  李靖  张悦 《海洋科学》2022,46(9):117-129

麻痹性贝类毒素(paralytic shellfish toxins,PSTs)是由某些甲藻产生的一种高毒性神经毒素,在海洋环境中分布广、危害大,可对水产养殖和人类健康造成重大危害;PSTs毒素的毒性大小随种类和结构的不同有较大差异。迄今,国内外学者针对PSTs的来源分布、迁移转化、生物合成及其影响因素等开展了大量的调查研究,但目前对于藻细胞产毒的生物合成途径、遗传学特征及其环境调控机理等研究仍处于起步阶段。PSTs的生物合成过程不仅与藻细胞自身生长阶段有关,还会受到光照、温度、营养盐等多种环境因素的影响,环境条件的改变会引起藻细胞毒素组成和含量发生不同程度的变化。近年来,研究人员应用基因组学和蛋白质组学技术,发现了产生PSTs的典型甲藻——亚历山大藻(Alexandrium)细胞内与PSTs毒素生物合成相关的某些基因或蛋白质,对我们更清晰地了解亚历山大藻产生PSTs毒素的机制具有重要意义。本文综合以往的研究报道,对亚历山大藻中PSTs的生物合成与转化及其主要影响因素进行了总结,以期为产毒有害藻华的防治提供科学依据。  相似文献   

厚壳贻贝性腺不同发育时期肥满度与生化成分分析     

程亮  徐善良  刘飞  齐闯 《海洋学研究》2013,31(4):68-73

为研究厚壳贻贝性腺发育不同时期的营养物质积累和消耗规律,本文分析测定了3个年龄组的厚壳贻贝在性腺发育5个时期的肥满度、含水量及生化成分。结果表明:(1)相同发育时期的肥满度和含水量组间差异不显著(P＞0.05),但在不同发育时期存在显著差异(P＜0.05);成熟期的肥满度最高,为17.76%~19.21%,约为休止期最低时的3.15倍;含水量则正好相反,以休止期最高,为93.29%~95.32%,约为成熟期最低时的1.15倍。(2)总糖、粗脂肪、粗蛋白和灰分在不同发育时期均有显著差异(P＜0.05),粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量在成熟期达到峰值,粗蛋白为72.01%,粗脂肪为13.52%,两者分别在休止期和增殖期最低;总糖含量在排放期最高为13.56%,灰分含量以休止期最高为7.59%,两者均以成熟期含量最低。(3)蛋白质的积累与消减正好与肥满度的变化相吻合,证实厚壳贻贝在性腺发育过程中吸收并贮存大量营养物质,使肥满度逐渐升高,随配子的排放肥满度急剧下降。  相似文献