铑作基体改进剂石墨炉原子吸收法测定海洋生物样品中的痕量砷   总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9  

饶竹  李梅 《岩矿测试》1998,17(1):33-36

采用铑作基体改进剂,消除样品中共存磷酸盐基体的干扰,实现了用塞曼石墨炉原子吸收法测定贻贝、虾粉、牡蛎等海洋生物样品中痕量砷。方法的ＬＤ为２５ｐｇ（１０μＬ进样）,线性范围在０～１２５μｇ／ＬＡｓ。标准加入法测定砷的回收率为８５％～１０２％,１０－６水平Ａｓ的测定ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝６）小于７％,分析结果与标准样品的标准值和氢化物原子吸收法测定结果相符。  相似文献   

高位虾池底质重金属富集特性及污染、生态风险评价     

王子爱  唐少霞  傅雨萱  郑苗  吴丹  陈珂珂  戴文博 《热带地理》2021,41(1):136-146

为研究高位虾池养殖导致的环境影响,用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪ICP-MS（Agilent7700x型）对海口市东营镇3种类型养殖虾池及其外围沟渠底质中的Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd和Pb质量分数进行检测,用Vario TOC对底质中的TN（总氮）和TOC（有机碳）质量分数进行检测,并对所检测的数值采用单因子污染指数、地积累指数和综合潜在生态风险指数等方法进行分析及评价。结果表明：1）未清洗的虾池底质重金属质量分数呈现L1层向L4层明显递增的规律;2）虾池L1层底质中Cd呈现明显的累积（污染）现象,其质量分数是海南省土壤背景值5.47~35.18倍;3）地积累指数（I_{\mathrm{g}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{o}}）的评价表明,各样地底质中均有2种及以上重金属达到轻度—中等及以上污染程度;4）综合潜在生态风险指数（RI）结果表明,底质RI范围值为176.97~1 090.87,各样地综合潜在生态风险程度均达到中等及以上生态风险,其中Cd是主要的贡献因子;5）Pearson相关分析显示,虾池底质中的饵料残留物及对虾排泄物所含的Cr、Ni、Cu、As、Cd、TOC相互之间具有极显著相关性,相关系数高达0.9以上,表明农户所使用的饵料不同程度地含有以上重金属,同时有机碳是影响底质中重金属富集的重要因素。  相似文献   

Growth discontinuity in males of the deep-water giant red shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea in the Mediterranean Sea     

Sergio Ragonese  Sergio Vitale  Mark Dimech  Alberto De Santi 《Marine Ecology》2012,33(3):386-392

The deep-water giant red shrimp, Aristaeomorpha foliacea (Risso, 1827) (Decapoda, Aristeidae), represents a highly valuable resource for bottom trawling in the Mediterranean Sea. Recent assessments have described both a worsening of the status of the traditionally exploited stocks and low levels of annual-based instantaneous natural mortality (M 0.4–0.7 year⁻¹) in the unexploited stocks. The mortality (M) figures, however, are in contrast with the longevity (T_max) of 3–4-year males and 4–5-year females, estimated from classical length frequency distribution analysis. Reduced growth (after the onset of sexual maturity) and pile-up of older individuals in the larger size classes have been considered to be reasonable explanations for the contrast between M and T_max. We propose that a discontinuity of the growth models could address this contrast. Because a clear discontinuity in sexual maturity is evident only in males, length frequency distribution data for different sets of males collected from the South of Sicily and the Maltese Islands deep bottoms (400–800 m) were fitted with both the classic (c) and double-phased (d) von Bertalanffy growth formula (VBGF). According to the dVBGF, adult males sharply reduce their growth rate after reaching an age between 1.2 and 1.5 year, which corresponds to the estimates of age at sexual maturity (t_m between 1 and 1.5 years). The reduction in growth determines a higher T_max (7.3–9.5 year) and lower M (0.4–0.6 year⁻¹) than previously derived on the basis of cVBGF estimates (T_max 3–4 years and M 1.2 year⁻¹). The dVBGF results suggest that sexual dimorphism and length–sex segregation in giant red shrimps reflect an alternative life history strategy that is based mainly on growth reduction in adult males and it might be adopted for implementing more conservative assessments.  相似文献   

湛江高桥红树林区虾类群落的时空变化     

叶宁  叶健欣  吴晓东  林广旋 《广东海洋大学学报》2010,30(3):47-53

研究2005-2008年广东省湛江市英罗湾高桥3个红树林区(红坎、两头流、西村)虾类群落的变化特征,并分析虾类群落组成与水质指标(盐度,pH)和沉积物指标(pH、可溶性盐、有机质、黏土、粉砂、砂砾)的相关性。结果表明:3个区域捕获虾类13596尾,属3科5属9种,刀额新对虾是高桥虾类的优势种;虾类种类年际变化较大,年间相似度平均为70.4,区域间相似度平均为60.6;红坎虾类多样性较丰富,两头流虾类的优势种明显,各年优势度指数均达0.95以上;3个区域的主要生态因子年间差异不显著(P>0.05);红坎3个采样点的底质性状较复杂,其沉积物特性差异显著(P<0.05),两头流和西村的底质性状较为单一,其沉积物特性均差异不显著(P>0.05)。群落变化特征和沉积物性状有显著相关关系,表明高桥虾类的渔获量受人为因素影响,多样性和分布受环境影响。  相似文献   

海水垂向入侵问题研究进展     

何岚轩  杨蕴  宋健  俞烜 《海洋科学》2024,48(1):85-97

随着全球气候变暖,风暴潮在沿海地区的频率和强度均可能增长,由此引发的海水垂向入侵可能会造成大面积的含水层淡水咸化。同时,由人类活动引起的沿海虾塘咸水养殖规模日益增长,由此引发的咸水垂向入侵可能会导致沿海地区地下水水质及生态环境的恶化。虽然已有一部分学者在海水(咸水)垂向入侵的研究中取得了成果,但由于海水(咸水)垂向入侵过程复杂,其对地下水咸化及恢复规律依然有待深入研究。文章阐述了海水垂向入侵的危害及前人的研究办法,总结了他们的研究成果并得出了海水垂向入侵的影响因子,指出了洪水和养殖活动对沿海地区含水层的威胁。得出的结果如下:研究海水垂向入侵常用的方法包括室内试验和数值模拟;海水垂向入侵主要与地形地貌、含水层性质和水文气象条件有关;虾塘养殖等人类活动可能会成为垂向咸水入侵的潜在来源。建议未来在海水垂向入侵研究中将多种现场观测实验方法结合起来。数值模拟应注重与现场观测实验数据相互验证,模型简化的方式有必要仔细考虑。虾塘养殖等人类活动可能造成的垂向咸水入侵问题应更多地受到关注。  相似文献   

对虾样品中Pb、cd的微波消解与常规消解分析方法比较研究   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

徐维海  江志刚  朱校斌  王新亭  马绪丽 《海洋科学》2005,29(6):38-41

采用微波消解与常规消解2种方法消解对虾样品,石墨炉原子吸收法(GFAAS)测定其Pb、Gd的含量,对样品中Pb、Cd的微波消解与常规消解分析方法做了系统的比较。结果表明。微波消解法准确度、精密度以及回收率的准确度等与常规消解法相比均有较大幅度的提高。  相似文献   

Requirements of shrimp,Penaeus chinensis O'sbeck for potassium,sodium, magnesium and iodine     

Liu Fa-yi  Li He-fang  Wang Hui-liang  Liang De-hai  Tian Yu-chuan 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1995,13(2):141-146

Potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine requirements of shrimp,Penaeus chinensis were studied. Orthogonal design was employed in this experiment. The composition of the basal diet consisted of fish meal, peanut cake, corn meal, soybean cake, wheat bran, vitamin mix and mineral mix, and supplementations of potassium, sodium, magnesium and iodine in the basal diet were made according to the L₉(3⁴) orthogonal table. The results indicated that iodine supplementation improved growth of the shrimp significantly and raised survival very significantly, iodine requirement of the shrimp was 0.003%; sodium requirement was 0.87% or less; and that 1.1–1.3% potassium and 0.18–0.38% magnesium in the diet were proper nutrition supplements for the shrimp. Contribution No. 2342 from the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.  相似文献   

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON NITROGEN BUDGETS OF CLOSED SHRIMP POLYCULTURE SYSTEMS＂     

齐振雄李德尚  张曼平董双林 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2001,19(3):233-242

April to October, 1997 comparative studios on the nitrogen budgets of closed shrimp polyculture systems showed that, in all the studied polyculture systems, nitrogen from feeds and fertilizers were the main input items, which comprised 70.7% - 83.9% of the total input nitrogen, 3.2% - 7.4% of which was provided by nitrogen fixation. It was in monoculture enclosures (Y-4, Y-11 and Y-12) that the percentage reached the maximum value. The output nitrogen in harvested products comprised 10.8% - 24.6% of total input nitrogen, and the highest percentage, 24.6%, was found in shrimp-fish-tagelus polyculture systems. In shrimp monoculture and shrimp-fish polyculture systems, they were 19.1% and 21.9%, respectively. The nitrogen utilization efficiency was different and varied from 12.2% to 20.1%. The highest, 20.1%, was found in shrimp-fish-tagelus polycultttre systems, and the average of 20.0% was found in shrimp-tagelus polyculture systems. The lowest, 12.2%, was found in shrimp monoculture systems.All the nitrogen utilization efficiencies in shrimp-fish systems or shrimp-scallop systems seemed to be higher than that of the monoculture system, but they showed little statistical difference. The main outputs of nitrngen were found in sediment mud, and comprised 48.2% -60.8% of the total input, the lowest percentage was found in shrimp-fish-tagelus polyculture systems, and the highost percentage in shrimp-scallop systems.During the experiment, nitrogen lost through denitrification and ammonia volatilization comprised 1.9% - 6.2%, averaged 2.8%, of the total input, and the loss through seepage comprised 5.9% - 8.9% of the total.The estimated nitrogen attached to the enclosure wall comprised 3.7% - 13.3% of the total, and was highest in shrimp monoculture systems. Compared with the classic shrimp farming industry, the closed shrimp polycul-ture systems may improve the nitrogen utilization efficiency, and hence reduce the environmental impacts on coastal waters. The nitrogen discharging rates for all the studied polyculture systems ranged from 3.0% to 6.0% of total input nitrogen.  相似文献   

别样玫瑰变色杆菌(Aliiroseovarius sp.)Z3基因组测序及比较基因组分析     

刘巍  郭海朋  董鹏生  燕孟琛  张德民 《热带海洋学报》2022,41(1):52-61

菌株Z3是一株从凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)肠道样品中分离出的细菌。本研究利用Illumina HiSeq测序平台对其进行了测序, 用SOAPdenovo等软件进行基因组组装、系统发育分析、基因预测和功能注释, 并与别样玫瑰变色杆菌属(Aliiroseovarius)已知的5个种的模式株进行了比较基因组分析。基因组注释结果显示, Z3基因组大小为3525503bp, GC(guanylate and cytidylic acid)含量为59.4%, 预测包含3509个编码蛋白基因。通过16S rRNA基因全长序列比对、平均核苷酸一致性(ANI)、DNA-DNA杂交(DDH)和共线性分析发现, 菌株Z3与Aliiroseovarius crassostreae CV919-312T的16S rRNA基因全长序列相似度最高, 为98.20%, 与Aliiroseovarius sediminilitoris DSM 29439T的DDH和ANI值最高, 分别为26.80%和84.95%, 属于Alliroseovarius属的新种, 将其命名为Aliiroseovarius sp. Z3。经比较基因组分析发现, Aliiroseovarius sp. Z3与5个近缘的模式株细菌共享2005个直系同源核心基因簇; Z3拥有的413个独立基因经注释, 主要与碳水化合物转运与代谢、氨基酸转运与代谢、复制、重组及修复等功能相关。功能注释发现Z3具有进行完整的反硝化途径的相关基因, 其利用的可能是环境中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐等。本研究对Z3全基因序列的注释、功能和比较基因组的分析, 不仅丰富了Aliiroseovarius属细菌基因组资源, 还为深入研究其反硝化特性等提供了基础。  相似文献   

湛江近海虾拖网副渔获组成分析与评价     

杨炳忠  杨吝  谭永光  张鹏  晏磊 《海洋科学》2014,38(1):65-70

为了探明南海北部虾拖网副渔获的种类组成、优势种类和幼鱼比例等情况,2012年8月1~5日作者于湛江近海进行了虾拖网副渔获调查。结果表明:湛江近海虾拖网副渔获种类极多,副渔获物与虾类的质量比为3.9:1;副渔获物的主要种类为蟹类和鱼类;蟹类副渔获物的优势种类分别为红星梭子蟹(Portunus sanguinolentus)、三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)和远海梭子蟹(Portunus pelagicus),其相对重要性(IRI)分别为7558.72、6540.72和2826.41;鱼类优势副渔获物的种类分别为褐斑三线舌鳎(Cynoglossus trigrammus)、少鳞鱚(Sillago japonica)、多齿蛇鲻(Saurida tumbil)和六带石斑鱼(Epinephelus sexfasciatus),其IRI分别为3158.94、1755.57、1294.44和1058.46;副渔获物的幼鱼比极高。最后,作者结合相关研究,对如何从技术层面解决南海区虾拖网严重的副渔获问题进行了探讨,以促进南海区虾拖网渔业的可持续发展。  相似文献