Comparison of laboratory testing protocols to field observations of the weathering of sulfide-bearing mine tailings   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Carla Ardau  David W. Blowes  Carol J. Ptacek 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2009,100(2-3):182-191

A laboratory weathering study using a humidity cell procedure was conducted on two sulfide-bearing tailing samples from a metallurgical site in Ontario (Canada). The test was accompanied by microbiological studies to enumerate the major groups of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and determine their potential role at different stages during the oxidation process. To evaluate the utility of this method, results were compared with those of previous laboratory and field studies on the same materials. The mineralogy of the laboratory samples differs only by the addition of a small amount of hydronium-bearing natrojarosite [(Na,H₃O)Fe₃(SO₄)₂(OH)₆] to one sample. The progress of sulfide oxidation and the rates of solute release were determined to evaluate the extent of mineral dissolution. These processes were influenced strongly by the capacity of the material to generate acidity, which was enhanced by the presence of hydronium-bearing natrojarosite. Acid-neutralization processes occurring during the laboratory tests were affected by reaction kinetics, consistent with field observations. In particular, the extent of carbonate-mineral dissolution appears to be different in the laboratory than in the field, where more prolonged rock–water interaction allowed more complete chemical equilibration. As a consequence, the capacity of this test procedure to predict weathering reactions in mine tailings is limited by its inability to reproduce the weathering sequence observed in the field. The results of the microbiological study showed that distinct groups of sulfur-oxidizing bacteria operate at different stages of the oxidative process, as was observed in field studies where tailings oxidation occurred under natural conditions, suggesting that microbiological tests performed for laboratory studies are reflective of field conditions.  相似文献   

湖南省凤凰县城雨洪管控路径     

陈娜  任安之  马伯  黎璟玉  向辉 《地理学报》2021,76(1):153-166

发达国家的经验表明,基于低影响开发的雨洪管理措施可以有效缓解城市雨洪灾害。聚焦中国海绵城市建设过程中新旧城区的关联性问题,提出“现状评估—低影响开发指标分解—建设效果模拟验证”的雨洪管控路径。以湖南省凤凰县为例,基于城市内涝模型,对新旧城区进行雨洪风险性评估与改造可行性评估,在现状评估基础上,构建低影响开发控制指标分解体系,实现低影响开发理念和技术从宏观控制策略到详细规划过程中的落实,最后通过内涝节点的滞水量计算验证雨洪管控效果。结果表明：凤凰县旧城区所面临的雨洪淹没风险高于新城区;旧城区现状年径流总量控制率明显低于新城区,且旧城区改造可行性较低。在新旧城区协调统筹的整体性视角下,构建“城区—街区—地块”的三级指标分解体系可以实现径流总量与峰值的消减,但在暴雨情境下,单独依靠低影响开发措施缓解内涝较为困难,基于滞水量完善灰色基础设施可以有效控制短时强降雨导致的雨洪灾害。  相似文献   

STRUCTURE FEATURES AND COMPOSITE ANALYSIS OF CONVECTIVE CELLS IN A WARM SECTOR HEAVY RAINFALL EVENT OVER SOUTHERN CHINA     

钱磊  丁治英  赵向军  夏蘩 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2017,23(3):245-258

This paper uses the ARW-WRF model to carry out a numerical simulation of a warm-sector heavy rainfall event over southern China on the 22–23 May, 2014. A composite analysis method was used to analyze the evolution process and structural features of the convective cells on a convection line during this rainfall event. This analysis identified three stages: (1) Stage of activation: the equivalent potential temperature surfaces as lower layers start to bulge and form warm cells and weak vertical convective cloud towers which are subject to the impact of low-level warm moist updrafts in the rainfall sector; (2) Stage of development: the warm cells continue to bulge and form warm air columns and the convective cloud towers develop upwards becoming stronger as they rise; (3) Stage of maturity: the warm air columns start to connect with the stable layer in the upper air; the convective cloud tower will bend and tilt westward with each increasing in height, and the convection cell is characterized by a “crescent-shaped echo” above the 700hPa plane. During this stage the internal temperature of the cell is higher than the ambient temperature and the dynamic structural field is manifested as intensive vertical upward movement. The large-value centers of the northerly and westerly winds in the middle layer correspond to the warm moist center in the cells and the relatively cold center south of the warm air column. Further analysis shows that the formation of the “crescent-shaped” convective cell is associated with horizontal vorticity. Horizontal vorticity in the center and west of the warm cell experiences stronger cyclonic and anticyclonic shear transformation over time; this not only causes the original suborbicular cell echo shape to develop into a crescent-like shape, but also makes a convection line consisting of cells that develop to the northwest.  相似文献   

螺旋藻多糖对CD₃AK细胞增殖能力的影响   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  

王友顺  黎露刚  吴侃  谢宗华  唐庆  李新岗  祁铁流  李长亮  汪洋  汪庭  方光如 《海洋科学》1998,22(3):37-39

研究了螺旋藻多糖（ＰＳ）对ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ激活的杀伤细胞（ＣＤ３ＭｃＡｂ Ａｃｔｉｖａｔｅｄ Ｋｉｌｌｅｒ Ｃｅｌｌｓ,ＣＤ３ＡＫ Ｃｅｌｌｓ）增殖能力的影响。结果表明,当ＰＳ浓度为２．５μｇ·ｍｌ＾－１培养体系条件下,对ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞具有明显的刺激细胞增殖作用（Ｐ〈０．０２）;对培养长达２３ｄ的ＣＤ３ＡＫ细胞杀伤肿瘤细胞（Ｋ５６２细胞）的活性仍维持在较高的水平（４６．５％￣５０％）。提示ＰＳ对辐射  相似文献   

环境因子对三种常见微藻细胞中二甲基硫丙酸含量影响的初步研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李炜  焦念志 《海洋与湖沼》1999,30(6):635-639

以3种常见的海洋浮游藻类──扁藻、杜氏藻和牟氏角刺藻作为实验材料,采用正交方法设计实验条件,研究盐度、温度和光强的变化对藻类细胞内二甲基硫丙酸（DMSP）含量的影响。结果表明,3种藻类细胞DMP含量相差很大。扁藻DMSP含量最高,其次为杜氏藻,牟氏角刺藻含量最低。种间差别的影响明显高于环境条件的变化对藻细胞DMSP含量的影响。3种环境因子对藻细胞DMSP含量的影响效果不同,盐度变化引起藻细胞DMP含量的变化最为显著,其次为温度和光强。随着盐度的增加,扁藻、杜氏藻和牟氏角刺藻细胞内DMSP含量均呈上升趋势。  相似文献   

Silica diagenesis in Eocene shallow-water platform carbonates, southern Pyrenees   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Jordi Giménez-Montsant  Francesc Calvet  & Maurice E. Tucker 《Sedimentology》1999,46(6):969-984

Spectacularly developed lower Eocene chert in the Corones platform carbonates of the Spanish Pyrenees is concentrated within a restricted, brackish-water, laminated ostracod-rich facies, which also contains abundant sponge spicules. The chert occurs as nodular, bedded and mottled varieties, and four petrographic types of quartz are developed: microquartz; length-fast (LF) chalcedony; megaquartz; and microspheres. δ¹⁸O values of chert range from 29·6‰ to 30·9‰ (SMOW), which correspond to a broad isotope rank common for biogenic and diagenetic replacement cherts. Calcian dolomite crystals with high Fe and Na are disseminated within the microquartz and LF-chalcedony, but are absent from the megaquartz and host carbonate. The chert is closely associated with desiccation cracks and with interstratal dewatering structures. Load casts are silicified, and laminae rich in sponge spicules are convoluted. Early cracks related to dewatering are filled by microquartz and quartz cements. Ostracod shells within chert are locally fractured; those in the host carbonate are commonly flattened. Late fractures are filled by LF-chalcedony and megaquartz. There is much evidence for the dissolution of sponge spicules and their calcitization in the carbonate host rock. Silica for the Corones cherts was derived from sponges during early diagenesis and shallow burial. Early mechanical compaction and sediment dewatering played a major role in sponge spicule dissolution, migration of silica-rich fluids and the consequent precipitation of chert. Quartz cements continued to be precipitated into the burial environment.  相似文献   

一种海绵城市社会效益计算方法:以天津大学北洋园校区为例     

李萌萌  郭祺忠  练继建  陈亮 《地学前缘》2020,27(3):281-289

海绵城市的社会效益是指海绵设施建成后对社会的贡献,其远大于海绵城市所产生的直接经济效益。但是,海绵城市的社会效益难以客观计算,这阻碍了人们对海绵城市的深入了解。因此,客观合理计算海绵城市的社会效益不仅可以反映海绵城市建设是否合理有效,也可为政策的制定提供参考。为此,本文提出一种将主观评价与客观计算相结合的海绵城市社会效益计算方法,通过对可客观计算的社会效益进行主观评价,利用客观计算的效益值将主观评价分值货币化,以此客观计算其他仅可主观评价的社会效益。文中以天津大学北洋园校区为例计算校区内海绵设施的社会效益,结果显示:该校区雨水花园、下凹式绿地和雨水湿地等5种海绵设施的社会效益为1.0~15.5元/(m²·a),植草沟为2.97元/(m·a)。其中,社会效益最高的是雨水湿地,下凹式绿地社会效益最低。根据天津大学北洋园校区各海绵设施建设面积,该校区海绵设施总社会效益约为232.8万元/a。  相似文献   

Cascades of sub-decadal,channel-floodplain changes in low-gradient,non-vegetated reaches near a dryland river terminus: Salar de Uyuni,Bolivia     

Jiaguang Li  Stephen Tooth  Guangqing Yao 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2019,44(2):490-506

The terminus of the ephemeral Río Colorado is located at the margins of Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia, the world's largest salt lake. The low-gradient (<0.0006 m m^-1), non-vegetated reaches approaching the terminus provide an excellent natural laboratory for investigating cascades of channel-floodplain changes that occur in response to quasi-regular flows (at least once annually) and fine-grained sediment supply (dominantly silt and clay). High-resolution satellite imagery (<0.65 m, various dates from 2004 onwards) and field data reveal widespread, pronounced and rapid morphodynamics on sub-decadal timescales, including channel erosion and chute cutoff formation, and development of crevasse channels and splays, floodouts (unchannelled surfaces at channel termini), and erosion cells (floodplain scour-transport-fill features). In particular, following high annual precipitation (>400 mm) in 2004–2005 and two subsequent high magnitude daily precipitation events (~40 mm), all of which led to widespread flooding, numerous crevasse splays formed between 2004 and 2016, avulsions occurred at nearby floodouts, and erosion cells downstream of the splays and floodouts underwent striking morphological changes. High-precision GPS data reveal two preferential localities for erosion cell development: partially or fully abandoned channels with crevasse splay remnants, and topographic lows between channels. In this overall low-gradient setting, comparatively high gradients (up to ~0.0006 m m^-1) at the edge of splay deposits and topography created by crevasses and abandoned channels may initiate knickpoint retreat and thereafter erosion cell development. Abandoned channels with splays tend to give rise to narrow, deep erosion cells, while topographic lows promote relatively shallow, wide erosion cells. In both situations, erosion cells may extend upslope and downslope, and eventually connect to form straight channels. The channel-floodplain morphodynamics near the Río Colorado terminus extend previous analyses of low-gradient, dryland river systems, particularly because the lack of vegetation and quasi-regular floods drive cascades of rapid changes on sub-decadal timescales. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

A new species of the glass sponge genus Walteria (Hexactinell-ida: Lyssacinosida: Euplectellidae) from northwestern Pacific seamounts,providing a biogenic microhabitat in the deep sea     

Chengcheng Shen  Hong Cheng  Dongsheng Zhang  Bo Lu  Chunsheng Wang 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(12):39-49

We report on a hexactinellid sponge new to science, Walteria demeterae sp. nov., which was collected from the northwestern Pacific seamounts at depths of 1271–1703 m. Its tubular and basiphytous body, extensive lateral processes, numerous oval lateral oscula which are irregularly situated in the body wall, the presence of microscleres with oxyoidal, discoidal and onychoidal outer ends, and the absence of anchorate discohexasters, indicate it belongs to the genus Walteria of family Euplectellidae, which is also supported by molecular phylogenetic evidence from 18S, 28S, 16S rRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequences. The unique morphotype, which is structured by a thin and rigid framework of body wall and lateral processes consisting of diactins, characterizes it as a new species. Local aggregations of individuals of this new species coupled with their associated macrofauna in the Suda Seamount are reported, highlighting its functional significance in providing biogenic microhabitats in the deep sea.  相似文献   

日本七鳃鳗外周血细胞显微结构及类淋巴细胞体外培养   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

逄越  李庆伟 《海洋科学》2012,36(1):23-29

以日本七鳃鳗(Lampetra japonica)为研究对象,观察其外周血细胞显微结构和探讨类淋巴细胞原代培养条件。采用Wright氏和Giemsa氏染色法对日本七鳃鳗外周血液有形成分进行显微观察,可鉴别出红细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、单核细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞;未发现嗜碱性粒细胞。通过Ficoll密度梯度离心法和流式细胞仪分选获得高纯度的七鳃鳗类淋巴细胞。经条件优化后确定最适培养液L15+20%FBS(5%七鳃鳗血清)+0.46%NaCl,在18℃,pH 6.8-7.0的条件下对日本七鳃鳗类淋巴细胞进行体外培养,大多数类淋巴细胞半贴壁生长,细胞状态较好,最长可以存活近一个月。类淋巴细胞的原代培养为日本七鳃鳗细胞体外培养的深入研究提供了实验依据。  相似文献