Seasonal Blooms of the HAB Dinoflagellate Alexandrium taylori Balech in a New Mediterranean Area (Vulcano, Aeolian Islands)     

Antonella Penna  Maria Grazia Giacobbe  Nunzio Penna  Francesca Andreoni  Mauro Magnani 《Marine Ecology》2002,23(S1):320-328

Abstract. High-biomass blooms of A. taylori Balech have recently been spreading over new Mediterranean areas, with evident adverse effects on the marine ecosystem. In 1999–2000, a new Mediterranean locality was affected by blooms of A. taylori: the West Bay of Vulcano (Aeolian Islands, Tyrrhenian Sea), with maximum cell densities of 1.2 × 10⁷ cells 1⁻¹ in August 1999 and 4.0 × 10⁶ cells 1⁻¹ in August 2000 observed together with yellowish water discoloration. The seawater samples contained high concentrations of nutrients as DIN (Dissolved Inorganic Nitrogen), especially NH₃-N with values of 14.4 μM and TOT-P (Total Phosphorus) with values of 3.2 μM due to the anthropic presence and discharge of untreated sewage. The climatic conditions also seem to influence the occurrence and spreading of the A. taylori blooms in the Vulcano Bay. Clonal cultures of A. taylori , established from Italian and Spanish seawater samples, were used for the sequence analyses of the 5.8S rDNA gene and ITS regions in order to study the genetic variability of different geographical populations of Alexandrium species in the Mediterranean area and to further develop the molecular markers for HAB key-species.  相似文献   

胶州湾聚球菌(Synechococcus spp.)蓝细菌的分布及其对初级生产力的贡献   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

赵三军  肖天  李洪波  徐剑虹 《海洋与湖沼》2005,36(6):534-540

自2002—2004年应用表面荧光显微镜计数法对胶州湾聚球菌(Synechococcusspp.)蓝细菌的季节变化、月变化及其对浮游植物总初级生产力的贡献进行调查研究。结果显示,胶州湾Synechococcusspp.丰度处于0.16×104—21×104cells/ml之间,最大与最小值之间相差约两个数量级,其中夏天Synechococcusspp.丰度最高,春、秋季相当,冬季最低。夏季Synechococcusspp.丰度平均值约是冬季的3—4倍。Synechococcusspp.的季节变化呈现一定周期性。Synechococcusspp.月最高值(21×104cells/ml)出现在8月的B2站表层,最低值(0.15×104cells/ml)出现在12月A1站表层。对18个月的胶州湾Synechococcusspp.水平分布进行分析,结果显示,河口和近岸区域Synechococcusspp.丰度相对较高。以D8站为典型站位对Synechococcusspp.垂直分布进行的分析发现,不同季节Synechococcusspp.最大值出现的水深不同。胶州湾Synechococcusspp.在总浮游植物生物量中所占的比例在0.2%—77%之间,平均为4.7%。此外,对2003—2004年温度与Syne-chococcusspp.丰度的相关性分析中发现,两者呈正线性相关(相关系数达0.6)。  相似文献   

海洋生境芽孢杆菌(Bacillus spp.)的培养条件及产生的胞外抗菌蛋白   总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8  

田黎  李光友 《海洋学报》2001,23(4):87-92

测试了4株海洋芽孢杆菌的培养条件对其产生抗菌蛋白的影响;提取的粗蛋白的性质以及对6种病原指示菌的抑菌活性,结果表明,4株海洋芽孢杆菌在2216E,EMB,CM培养液;15～35℃;NaCl浓度0%～5%;pH3～9的条件下均能生长,适宜生长温度20～28℃;NaCl浓度1%～3%;pH5～8.菌株分别培养84～108h抑菌活性最强.(NH₄)₂SO₄沉淀抗菌粗蛋白的最适饱和度为50%～70%.粗蛋白对病原菌尤其对病原真菌具有强烈的抑制作用.粗蛋白性质稳定,对高温和蛋白酶不敏感.  相似文献   

Reproductive characteristics of invasive gammarids in the Rhine-Main-Danube catchment, South Germany     

Axel Kley  Gerhard Maier   《Limnologica》2006,36(2):79-90

The gammarid composition at 25 sites in the rivers Danube, Main and the southern reaches of the Rhine were studied during the years 2002–2004. Dikerogammarus villosus and Echinogammarus ischnus were the most frequent species prevailing at 17 sites. Sympatric occurrence of D. villosus and E. ischnus was observed at 12 sites. Dikerogammarus haemobaphes was recorded at 7 sites; this species prevailed in the Danube, west of the Weltenburger Enge and in the Isar mouth where it co-existed with native species (Gammarus pulex and/or G. roeseli) at 6 sites. Dikerogammarus bispinosus and E. berilloni were found at only 1 site, where they co-existed with D. villosus and E. ischnus, and with D. villosus and native species, respectively. Investigation of reproductive characteristics at 3 sites showed that females of D. villosus and D. haemobaphes produced the biggest clutches with more than 100 eggs. Females of E. ischnus produced much smaller clutches (10–35 eggs on an average), but very big eggs. Clutch sizes and egg volumes of D. bispinosus and E. berilloni resembled those of native species. Our results suggest that the most successful invaders (D. villosus, D. haemobaphes and E. ischnus) display reproductive traits that facilitate their success. Both Dikerogammarus sp. allocate energy into production of many but small eggs, thus maximizing offspring number, while E. ischnus allocates its energy into production of fewer but large eggs which could be beneficial at sites where food is scarce.  相似文献   

Short-term effects of shrub control on two different plant communities in Argentina     

C. B. Passera  O. Borsetto  L. I. Allegretti 《Journal of Arid Environments》1996,34(4):415-420

The aim of this work was to study the effect of controlling jarilla (Larreaspp.), nonforage shrubs for livestock, on two plant communities with different forage production in the arid mid-west of Argentina. Total vegetation cover, forage species cover and carrying capacity were determined during three growing seasons, for cleared and uncleared plots. At the end of the study, significant differences were found in theLarrea cuneifoliacommunity, where average forage species cover increased by 156% over the control, and greater carrying capacity (129%) was also obtained from the cleared treatment. No significant differences were found in theLarrea divaricatacommunity. Data lead us to recommend shrub control as an improvement practice only in areas with low forage species cover and poor carrying capacity.  相似文献   

The distribution of rare phenolic type compounds in wild and cultivated wheats     

Raymond Cooper  David Lavie  Yitzchak Gutterman  Michael Evenari 《Journal of Arid Environments》1994,27(4)

In 14 species of Aegilops, four species of Triticum and two species of Hordeum, a complex of rare phenolic compounds was found and showed quantitative differences between the wild and domestic species. There was a dramatic reduction in the cultivars to about 5% of the amount of these phenolic constituents. In the wild species these phenolic compounds may act as important germination regulators, such as water-dissolving germination inhibitors which may act as 'rain gauges'. This is especially important for the germination at the appropriate time in species inhabiting arid regions or deserts.  相似文献   

The helium abundance and ΔY/ΔZ in lower main-sequence stars     

Luca Casagrande  Chris Flynn  Laura Portinari  Leo Girardi  Raul Jimenez 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2007,382(4):1516-1540

We use nearby K dwarf stars to measure the helium-to-metal enrichment ratio  Δ Y /Δ Z   , a diagnostic of the chemical history of the solar neighbourhood. Our sample of K dwarfs has homogeneously determined effective temperatures, bolometric luminosities and metallicities, allowing us to fit each star to the appropriate stellar isochrone and determine its helium content indirectly. We use a newly computed set of Padova isochrones which cover a wide range of helium and metal content.
Our theoretical isochrones have been checked against a congruous set of main-sequence binaries with accurately measured masses, to discuss and validate their range of applicability. We find that the stellar masses deduced from the isochrones are usually in excellent agreement with empirical measurements. Good agreement is also found with empirical mass-luminosity relations.
Despite fitting the masses of the stars very well, we find that anomalously low helium content (lower than primordial helium) is required to fit the luminosities and temperatures of the metal-poor K dwarfs, while more conventional values of the helium content are derived for the stars around solar metallicity.
We have investigated the effect of diffusion in stellar models and the assumption of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in deriving metallicities. Neither of these is able to resolve the low-helium problem alone and only marginally if the cumulated effects are included, unless we assume a mixing-length which is strongly decreasing with metallicity. Further work in stellar models is urgently needed.
The helium-to-metal enrichment ratio is found to be  Δ Y /Δ Z = 2.1 ± 0.9  around and above solar metallicity, consistent with previous studies, whereas open problems still remain at the lowest metallicities. Finally, we determine the helium content for a set of planetary host stars.  相似文献   

Evidence of NAO control on subsurface ice accumulation in a 1200 yr old cave-ice sequence, St. Livres ice cave, Switzerland     

Markus Stoffel  Marc Luetscher  Michelle Bollschweiler  Frédéric Schlatter 《Quaternary Research》2009,72(1):16-26

Mid-latitude ice caves are assumed to be highly sensitive to climatic changes and thus represent a potentially interesting environmental archive. Establishing a precise chronology is, however, a prerequisite for the understanding of processes driving the cave-ice mass balance and thus allows a paleoenvironmental interpretation. At St. Livres ice cave (Jura Mountains, Switzerland), subfossil trees and organic material are abundant in the cave-ice deposit, therefore allowing the dating of individual ice layers. The dendrochronological analysis of 45 subfossil samples of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) from the overhanging front of the ice outcrop as well as the dating of seven wood samples with ¹⁴C dating allowed for a reconstruction of the St. Livres cave-ice sequence and for the determination of periods of ice accumulation and ablation. Results suggest a maximal age of 1200 ± 50 ¹⁴C yr BP for the observed ice sequence and indicate the presence of four major deposition gaps dated to the 14th, 15th, mid-19th and late 19th century, which can be related with periods of positive North Atlantic Oscillation anomalies (NAO+) over the winter half-year and/or anthropogenic cave-ice abstraction. Similarly, there is evidence that periods of cave-ice accumulation as observed between AD 1877-1900 and AD 1393-1415 would correspond with phases of negative NAO indices. Cave ice represents therefore an original climate archive for the winter half-year and is complementary to other continental proxies recording preferentially summer conditions (e.g., tree rings, varves).  相似文献   

和田河流域天然柽柳灌木林生态价值评估   总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3  

杨丽文  何秉宇  黄培佑  努尔巴依 《中国沙漠》2005,25(2):268-274

以分布于和田河流域的天然柽柳灌木林地为研究对象,使用影子工程法、机会成本法等方法,评价了其生态系统服务价值。结果表明:在和田河流域,面积为2.23 万 hm²的天然柽柳灌木林生态系统服务价值在2 970.58~2 974.62 亿元·a^-1之间,平均值为2 972.60 亿元·a^-1。  相似文献   

Re-evaluating the use of beached bird oiling rates to assess long-term trends in chronic oil pollution     

Wilhelm SI  Robertson GJ  Ryan PC  Tobin SF  Elliot RD 《Marine pollution bulletin》2009,58(2):249-255

The oiling rate (oiled birds/total birds) has become the international standard to analyze beached bird survey data. However, this index may not reliably track long-term changes in marine oil pollution in regions where other activities that kill seabirds vulnerable to oil, such as hunting and gill-netting, are also changing. We compare the oiling rate from beached bird surveys conducted in southeastern Newfoundland between 1984 and 2006 to an alternative approach, namely trends derived from a model examining the linear density of oiled birds (birds/km). In winter, there was no change in the oiling rate since 1984, while in summer oiling rates significantly increased. In contrast, the number of oiled birds/km showed a significant decline in both winter and summer. The discrepancy in these trends was attributed to steep declines in the number of unoiled birds found in both seasons. In winter, the decline in unoiled birds/km was related to a reduction in the legal murre hunt and less onshore winds, while in summer a reduced cod fishery resulting in fewer murres drowning in nets and warming summers may have lead to the decline. The significant declines in oiled birds/km over the past three decades are hopefully an indication of less oil being present in the marine environment. Although oiled bird densities since 2000 have remained relatively low for the region (winter: 0.58 birds/km, summer: 0.27 birds/km), they still exceed densities reported elsewhere in the world.  相似文献