兰州—白银地区农业土壤环境质量评价   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

刘文辉  吴永强  李春亮 《物探与化探》2011,35(3):382-387

在兰州—白银地区,由于各种复杂的地质作用及人类活动综合影响,农作物所需营养元素及有毒、有害组分在区内表层土壤中的分布明显不均衡。以土壤地球化学测量中元素含量分布为主要依据,在分析兰州—白银地区土壤污染现状、农作物所需有益元素丰缺现状的基础上,对区内农业土壤环境质量进行了评价,Cr、N i等重金属元素生态风险及富集污染强度、空间离散强度相对较弱,而Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn、Cu、As都极为离散。按环境的优劣划分了农业生态优质区(Ⅰ类)、一般区(Ⅱ类)、不良区(Ⅲ类)三个等级,并提出了土壤培肥原则和修复措施。  相似文献   

Dangerous Harvest: Drug Plants and the Transformation of Indigenous Landscapes     

《The Professional geographer》2006,58(2):221-222

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Measurement of biogenic sulfur emissions from soils and vegetation: Application of dynamic enclosure methods with Natusch filter and GC/FPD analysis   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

B. Lamb  H. Westberg  G. Allwine  L. Bamesberger  A. Guenther 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》1987,5(4):469-491

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Comprehensive study of the biophysical parameters of agricultural crops based on assessing Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 7 ETM+ vegetation indices     

Nima Ahmadian  Sahar Ghasemi  Jean-Pierre Wigneron  Reinhard Zölitz 《地理信息系统科学与遥感》2016,53(3):337-359

For three agricultural crop types, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and canola (Brassica napus L.), we estimated biophysical parameters including fresh and dry biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and vegetation water content, for which we found the equivalent water thickness (EWT), fuel moisture content per fresh weight (FMC_FW), and fuel moisture content per dry weight (FMC_DW). We performed these estimations using data from the newly launched Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor, as well as its predecessor the Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+). Progress in the design of the new sensor (i.e., Landsat 8), including narrower near-infrared (NIR) wavebands, higher signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and greater radiometric resolution highlights the necessity to investigate the biophysical parameters of agricultural crops, especially compared to data from its predecessor. This study aims to evaluate vegetation indices (VIs) derived from the Landsat 8 OLI and the Landsat 7 ETM+. Both the Landsat 8 OLI and Landsat 7 ETM+ VIs agreed well with in-situ data measurements. However, the Landsat 8 OLI-derived VIs were generally more consistent with in situ data than the Landsat 7 ETM+ VIs. We also note that the Landsat 8 OLI is better able to capture the small variability of the VIs because of its higher SNR and wider radiometric range; in addition, the saturation phenomenon occurred earlier for the Landsat 7 ETM+ than for the Landsat 8 OLI. This indicates that the new sensor is better able to estimate the biophysical parameters of crops.  相似文献   

桐庐分水江水库浮游植物种类组成和生物多样性特征研究     

徐丽琴  陈建中  顾志敏  杨斌  毛璐琦  谢永宁 《海洋湖沼通报》2012,(1):68-78

从2008年11月到2009年10月,对浙江省桐庐分水江水库的浮游植物进行了调查研究,共鉴定出浮游植物7门47种(属)。通过对浮游植物的种类组成、现存量和多样性指数的综合判定,得出分水江水库春季水质最好,其它季节次之,分水江水库的总体水质为中—富营养型。  相似文献   

Seasonal changes in Porteresia coarctata (Tateoka) beds along a subtropical coast     

ABU HENA M K 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2013,31(1):1-9

Shoot density, standing crop (above- and below-ground biomass) and habitat of salt marsh grass Porteresia coarctata were investigated along the coast of Bakkhali estuary, Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh from January to December 2006. Shoot density of P. coarctata was influenced by season and was found to be higher (>2 500 shoots/m 2 ) in post-monsoon and minimal in monsoon season; plants were particularly active in vegetative propagation during pre-monsoon. Above-ground biomass was greater along the protected coast compared with the exposed one in this estuary. Below-ground biomass was higher (7.75-269.53 g DW/m 2 ) than that above ground (2.20-114.75 g DW/m 2 ). Standing crops of P. coarctata showed a negative relationship (R=-0.77; P<0.05) with sedimentation rate, while seasonal activity influenced sedimentation. The recorded sedimentation rate was lower (6.09 mg/(cm 2 ·d)) in pre-monsoon and highest (14.55 mg/(cm 2 ·d)) in monsoon season. The mean value of pore water salinity was higher (34.25±5.05) during post-monsoon and lowest (18.0±3.71) in monsoon season. The soil was sandy clay in this P. coarctata bed; it consisted of 86% sand, 13% clay and 1% silt. Soil organic matter dropped during the monsoon season (0.78%-0.67%) and was highest ((2.17±1.42)%-(2.3±1.47)%) during post-monsoon, probably owing to accumulation of decomposed peat on the marsh surface. The mean pore water NH 4 -N concentration ranged from 2.44±1.65 to 3.33±1.82 μg/L, with a minimum air temperature of 22.09°C in post-monsoon and a maximum of 31.16°C in pre-monsoon. Variations of physico-chemical parameters in the soil, water, and climate governed biological parameters of P. coarctata in the Bakkhali estuary, and were comparable with estuarine environments elsewhere.  相似文献   

Comparison of fish populations in riffles of three braided rivers of Canterbury,New Zealand     

G. J. Glova  M. L. Bonnett  C. R. Docherty 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):157-165

Populations of small fish were sampled in 12–20 riffles of the lower reaches of 3 braided rivers in Canterbury, New Zealand, during periods of low, stable flows. In the Ashley, which has been least affected by floods in recent years, the standing stock of fish was severalfold higher than in the Hurunui and Rakaia Rivers, which experienced large floods over much of the time, particularly the Rakaia River. Mean abundance + 1 standard deviation (S.D.) of all species combined, amounted to 5.95 + 2.76 fish m ² for 10 species in the Ashley, 0.59 + 0.60 fish m ² for 7 species in the Hurunui, and 0.23 + 0.11 fish m ²for 6 species in the Rakaia. Mean biomass was 24.85 + 9.59, 2.11 + 1.19, and 2.50 ± 3.60 g m ²in the Ashley, Hurunui, and Rakaia Rivers, respectively. The more common species in the Ashley and Rakaia Rivers were torrentfish, longfinned eel, blue‐gilled bully, and upland bully. The same dominant species complex prevailed in the Hurunui River except that the common river galaxias was present instead of the bluegilled bully. The adverse effects of floods on fish, either directly, indirectly, or both, are considered to be a major limiting factor offish populations in braided rivers characterised by highly unstable flows and river beds, and a lack of suitable cover for fish.  相似文献   

Tidal observations on the West Coast,South Island,New Zealand   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

R. A. Heath 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(2):251-261

Harmonic tidal constants, calculated from sea surface elevation observations at Jackson Bay on the West Coast of the South Island, are consistent with available semi‐diurnal and diurnal tidal phase distributions. Current observations taken over a 111 day period at mid‐depth in 1505 m of water on the southern flank of the Challenger Plateau and over a 240 day period in 1430 m of water on the South Island western coast continental slope, are subject to tidal analysis. At both sites there is a component of energy flux directed across the isobaths and only at the northern site for the M2 tide is the phase consistent with a dominant progressive barotropic tide. The successive 30 day harmonic constants at the southern continental slope site exhibit a trend in the M2 tidal ellipse speed and ellipticity suggesting the presence of a regular internal tide. Superposition of ‘internal tidal’ and barotropic tidal flows, as prescribed from progressive‐ and standing‐wave elevations, to fit the observations indicates that the ‘internal tide’ is probably associated with the first baroclinic mode. At the current‐meter depths the speeds of the ‘internal tide’ for the M2 tide are about the same as the barotropic speeds, whereas, the S2 ‘internal tide’ speeds are larger than those of the barotropic tide. The consistency of the trend in ellipse parameters lends support to the theoretical progressive trapped barotropic tidal flows being a good approximation to the actual barotropic tide. Some support for the hypothesis that the S2 tide on the West Coast of New Zealand has a substantial standing wave contribution is given by the northern observations, where the ratio of the S2: M2 internal tidal ellipse current amplitudes are substantially larger than the ratio of the elevations, the internal tide being generated by across‐isobath flows.  相似文献   

60年来我国主要粮食作物适宜生长区的时空分布     

宁晓菊  张丽君  秦耀辰  刘凯 《地球科学进展》2019,(2):191-201

模拟作物适宜生长区的时空分布是分析气候变化对作物生长影响、提高作物生长适应能力的重要内容。选择影响主要粮食作物(小麦、玉米和水稻)生长的气候要素,结合地表土壤和地面高程要素与农业观测站数据,模拟和分析1953—2012年主要粮食作物适宜生长区的变动,评估气候变化下作物的适应能力。研究发现:(1)60年来3种粮食作物适宜生长区对气候变化响应程度从大到小依次是小麦、水稻和玉米。(2)同一时空尺度上,主要粮食作物适宜生长类型区在南方农区较北方农区多样化,在山地较盆地多样化,在高原较平原多样化。(3)小麦生长适应气候变化的能力在多数农区略有上升。玉米生长的适应能力在北方和南方农区分别略微提高和下降。水稻生长的适应能力在长江中下游区、西南区和华南区相对稳定,在黄淮海区和东北区分别下降和提高。(4)60年来,主要粮食作物综合生长适应气候变化的能力在黄淮海区和长江中下游区下降,在其余农区升高。(5)玉米和水稻适宜生长区分别与播种面积和作物产量显著相关,这为模拟未来不同气候情景下二者适宜生长区的分布提供了可行性。小麦适宜生长区与播种面积和产量均不显著相关,未来需要考虑更多因素精准识别小麦适宜生长区,以便更为有效地提高小麦生长对气候变化的适应能力。  相似文献   

SPECIALTY CROPLAND IN CALIFORNIA*     

JOHN FRASER HART 《Geographical review》2003,93(2):153-170

ABSTRACT. Census data do not support the widespread popular perception that urban encroachment on cropland in California is serious enough to justify programs of farmland preservation. Between 1949 and 1997 the acreage of harvested cropland declined near Los Angeles, in the San Francisco Bay area, and near Sacramento, but the high‐value specialty agricultural production displaced from these areas has been relocated to more distant areas, where it has replaced lower‐value field crops, and specialized agricultural production has increased steadily in the state. Vegetable production in the Salinas Valley and dairying near Los Angeles illustrate the twin processes of relocation and replacement. Urban encroachment actually has been a boon to California agriculture, because it has transferred massive amounts of urban capital to cash‐strapped farmers and enabled them to develop efficient modern operations. Much of the concern about loss of farmland really is concern about loss of open space and amenities, and urban demand for water probably will be a greater constraint on California agriculture than will urban demand for land.  相似文献