Regional-scale surface air temperature and East Asian summer monsoon changes during the last millennium simulated by the FGOALS-gl climate system model   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

MAN Wenmin  and  ZHOU Tianjun 《大气科学进展》2014,31(4):765-778

The spatial patterns and regional-scale surface air temperature （SAT） changes during the last millennium,as well as the variability of the East Asian summer monsoon （EASM） were simulated with a low-resolution version of Flexible Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land-Sea-ice （FGOALS-gl） model.The model was driven by both natural and anthropogenic forcing agents.Major features of the simulated past millennial Northern Hemisphere （NH） mean SAT variations,including the Medieval Climate Anomaly （MCA）,the Little Ice Age （LIA） and the 20th Century Warming （20CW）,were generally consistent with the reconstructions.The simulated MCA showed a global cooling pattern with reference to the 1961-90 mean conditions,indicating the 20CW to be unprecedented over the last millennium in the simulation.The LIA was characterized by pronounced coldness over the continental extratropical NH in both the reconstruction and the simulation.The simulated global mean SAT difference between the MCA and LIA was 0.14°C,with enhanced warming over high-latitude NH continental regions.Consistencies between the simulation and the reconstruction on regional scales were lower than those on hemispheric scales.The major features agreed well between the simulated and reconstructed SAT variations over the Chinese domain,despite some inconsistency in details among different reconstructions.The EASM circulation during the MCA was stronger than that during the LIA The corresponding rainfall anomalies exhibited excessive rainfall in the north but deficient rainfall in the south.Both the zonal and meridional thermal contrast were enhanced during the MCA.This temperature anomaly pattern favored a stronger monsoon circulation.  相似文献   

Effects of meridional sea surface temperature changes on stratospheric temperature and circulation   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

HU Dingzhu  TIAN Wenshou  XIE Fei  SHU Jianchuan  Sandip  DHOMSE 《大气科学进展》2014,31(4):888-900

Using a state-of-the-art chemistry-climate model,we analyzed the atmospheric responses to increases in sea surface temperature （SST）.The results showed that increases in SST and the SST meridional gradient could intensify the subtropical westerly jets and significantly weaken the northern polar vortex.In the model runs,global uniform SST increases produced a more significant impact on the southern stratosphere than the northern stratosphere,while SST gradient increases produced a more significant impact on the northern stratosphere.The asymmetric responses of the northern and southern polar stratosphere to SST meridional gradient changes were found to be mainly due to different wave properties and transmissions in the northern and southern atmosphere.Although SST increases may give rise to stronger waves,the results showed that the effect of SST increases on the vertical propagation of tropospheric waves into the stratosphere will vary with height and latitude and be sensitive to SST meridional gradient changes.Both uniform and non-uniform SST increases accelerated the large-scale Brewer-Dobson circulation （BDC）,but the gradient increases of SST between 60°S and 60°N resulted in younger mean age-of-air in the stratosphere and a larger increase in tropical upwelling,with a much higher tropopause than from a global uniform 1.0 K SST increase.  相似文献   

Climatology of Lightning Activity over the Indian Seas     

M.I.R. Tinmaker  M.Y. Aslam 《大气与海洋》2014,52(4):314-320

The climatology of lightning activity over the Indian seas (Arabian Sea (AS) and Bay of Bengal (BoB)) has been studied using monthly satellite-based lightning flash count grid (0.5°?×?0.5°) data from 1998 to 2007. These data have been used to investigate the annual and seasonal variations in lightning activity over the Indian seas. It was found that annual variations in flash rate density and sea surface temperature (SST) show a bimodal pattern with the first peak occurring in May and the second in October. The correlation coefficients between flash rate density and SSTs are 0.76 and 0.65 for the AS and BoB, respectively. Further, the relationship between flash rate density and a low pressure system (LPS) over the BoB shows that the formation of severe tropical cyclonic storms starts during April with the maximum number of storms forming during August. The performance of monsoon on a seasonal and monthly basis depends on the total number of lows, the formation of a depression in the monsoon trough, and the number of days with an LPS. Secular decreases in the number of lows and monsoon depressions were observed in 2000, 2002, and 2004. Overall, results indicate that the peaks in SST during April and September/October over the AS and the BoB may be responsible for advancing the onset of the southwest and northeast monsoon by 30–40 days.  相似文献   

Policy invention and entrepreneurship: Bankrolling the burying of carbon in the EU     

《Global Environmental Change》2014

This article presents the case of a policy invention where various kinds of entrepreneurship and a window of opportunity played important roles. In 2008 the EU adopted a new Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) policy with an inventive funding instrument at its core: the NER 300 fund, based on revenues from the auctioning of emissions trading allowances. Thus far, the literature on policy entrepreneurs has focused more on success factors that enable particular persons to be especially influential than on the defining characteristics of entrepreneurship. We contribute to the literature on entrepreneurship and windows of opportunity by distinguishing two entrepreneurial techniques – framing and procedural engineering – and two categories of commitment – ‘tortoise’ and carpe diem. We conclude that ‘tortoises’ who contributed to creating the broad and general climate policy window paved the way for issue-specific carpe diemers who promoted the more specific NER 300 policy invention. Furthermore, we distinguish and discuss four different entrepreneurship mechanisms that may influence policy invention processes.  相似文献   

基于TEA算法的地理信息数据安全保护技术及验证分析     

陶肖静 《测绘通报》2022,(7):154

地理信息数据是国家国防建设和国民经济发展的重要基础数据,随着数字化、信息化及云计算等技术的发展,地理信息数据的安全威胁日益严峻,本文面对移动平台上地理信息数据安全存储、高效传输和实时信息解密及处理等挑战,提出了一种基于TEA算法的地理信息数据安全保护技术,该技术采用循环迭代的移位和异或运算实现对地理信息数据的加密和解密,可以实现移动平台端地理信息数据的高安全加密存储和高性能实时解密处理,并采用该算法对SRTM数据进行处理和分析。试验结果表明,基于TEA算法的地理信息数据加密技术可以有效实现地理信息数据的加密及解密处理,满足移动系统对地形数据的高安全存储和高性能处理的要求。  相似文献   

时空遥感云计算平台PIE-Engine Studio的研究与应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

程伟  钱晓明  李世卫  马海波  刘东升  刘富乾  梁军龙  胡举 《遥感学报》2022,26(2):335-347

随着遥感大数据时代的到来,为快速处理和分析海量遥感数据,国内外涌现了众多遥感云计算平台,使得全球尺度、长时间序列遥感数据的快速分析和应用成为可能。本文在分析国内外遥感云计算平台现状的基础上,针对大数据时代国内缺少功能完备的遥感云计算平台,且国外遥感云计算平台对国产卫星数据支持不足等问题,基于容器云技术,构建了包含国产卫星数据且集数据、算力和技术于一体的时空遥感云计算平台PIE（Pixel Information Expert）-Engine Studio,实现了脚本驱动的遥感数据的按需获取以及海量数据的快速处理。采用Landsat 8数据,以生长季植被指数NDVI（Normalized Difference Vegetation Index）的计算为例,对比了本平台与GEE（Google Earth Engine）的数据处理能力。结果表明,由于计算资源的限制,本平台的计算和导出时间均比GEE稍长,但计算结果的空间分布一致,其中近68%的值均分布在（0.48,0.77）,且二者差值的95.33%集中在（-0.13,0.13）,结果较为可信。因此,本文构建的基于共享、开放的中国自主遥感云计算平台PIE-Engine Studio,可为地球科学领域的研究提供数据和算力支持,将有助于推进中国遥感云计算平台的发展进程,推动国产卫星数据在云计算平台上的应用。  相似文献   

西安市浅层地温场垂向分布特征及其影响因素分析     

刘丹丹  胡安焱  刘彩波  黄景锐 《地下水》2014,(6):1-3

根据西安市内布设的12口长观孔监测的一年内的月平均地温,绘制不同时期地温随深度变化曲线,系统分析西安市浅层地温场垂向上的分布特征及其影响因素。分析得出：西安市垂向上的分布特征有两种类型：渐变升温型和升温降温交替型。影响其分布的主要因素是地质构造、地下水活动以及岩性。在开发利用过程中要针对浅层地温场不同的变化类型因地制宜地进行调查评价工作,合理开发西安市浅层地温能。  相似文献   

哈密地区平原区与山区气候变化差异性分析     

张彦军  穆振侠 《地下水》2014,(6):117-121

利用水文气象站点数据采用线性趋势分析法和Mann-kendall检验法分析了哈密地区与水资源息息相关的山区与平原区气候要素变化的差异性。结果表明：山区与平原区实测站点气候要素多年平均月系列变化规律与趋势基本一致,在量上存在一定的差异;气象站点与水文站点降水要素均呈波动增加的趋势,总体不明显,山区与平原无明显的差别,相对以头道沟站降水增加较明显;气温均呈波动升高的趋势,并且受所处的地理位置影响较大,在相近经度方向上山区气温的升高幅度高于平原区;哈密气象站与头道沟水文站点降水以上世纪70年代增幅最明显,而伊吾气象站和苇子峡水文站以上世纪80-90年代降水增幅最明显;气温除伊吾气象站上世纪90年代升温明显外,其他各站点均以70-80年代升温最明显。  相似文献   

基于嫦娥二号微波辐射计数据月球中低纬度亮温异常区地质分析研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

连懿  陈圣波  孟治国  张莹  路鹏 《地球学报》2014,35(5):643-647

月球表面的微波辐射亮度温度与月表地质结构和月表物质的物理化学特性相关。为了对月球亮温分布异常区域进行地质分析,文章首先计算嫦娥亮温数据的时角,采用克里金插值的方法得到了不同频率不同时刻中低纬度的微波亮温图。结合奇异值分解(SVD)模型分析了月表亮温变化异常,结果表明风暴洋位置和靠近月海东北部的高地区域等存在亮温变化异常,月海区域(除风暴洋外)为3 GHz和37 GHz两个场的总体相关区域。通过对月球火山分布地区的区域亮温变化进行分析,发现这热异常可能是由于月球火山活动造成的。  相似文献   

黄河口凹陷流体包裹体成藏年代和充注期次研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

胡雄  梁为  李洋冰  朱学光  黄伟强  侯厶靖  徐博瑞 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》2014,33(6)

流体包裹体技术已被证实在含油气盆地的成藏年代和运移期次的研究中是一个有效的手段。关于包裹体在成藏期次方面的研究已有许多,但系统介绍包裹体技术在油气勘探中的应用研究则少见。为推动该方法在油气勘探中的应用,本文从样品制备、分析仪器、流体包裹体镜下特征、均一温度等方面系统介绍了利用流体包裹体确定油气成藏年代与充注期次的方法,以及该方法在黄河口凹陷油气勘查中的应用研究成果:确定了该凹陷普遍发育较低成熟液态烃包裹体、成熟气液态烃包裹体、较高成熟气液态烃包裹体和气烃包裹体3类包裹体,确定了黄河口地区沙河街组油气充注至少有3期:第1期、第2期油气于明化镇组沉积时期开始注入储层(10~5Ma),第3期较高成熟油及伴生气于第四纪开始注入储层(小于3Ma);利用包裹体均一温度还确定了位于黄河口凹陷与渤中凹陷交界的BZ25构造第1期油气来源于渤中凹陷。  相似文献